Drivers of fine-scale avian functional diversity with changing land use: an assessment of the effects of eco-estate housing development and management     

Alexander  Jarryd  Ehlers Smith  David A.  Ehlers Smith  Yvette C.  Downs  Colleen T. 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(3):537-549

Landscape Ecology - The effects of changing land use, and especially urbanisation, on species and functional diversity are of global concern. Eco-estates are a form of urban housing development...  相似文献   

Beitrag zur Bekämpfung der Straßentauben in Städten     

Dr.-Ing. Alexander Friedl 《Journal of pest science》1938,14(12):137-140

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Evaluation of the efficacy of doramectin against an artificial infection of Dictyocaulus viviparus in calves     

Whelan NC  Charleston WA  Pomroy WE  Alexander AM 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1995,43(1):21-22

Three groups of eight Friesian calves, reared parasite-free, were experimentally infected with 1000 infective larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus. Two groups were injected subcutaneously with 1% doramectin at 0.2 mg/kg body weight, one group 5 days after infection and the other 25 days after infection. A third group served as untreated controls. Faecal samples were examined for lungworm larvae on days 28, 32, 33, 34 and 35 after infection; the calves were killed and necropsied 39 or 40 days after infection and any lungworms present recovered and counted. Doramectin proved 100% effective against both 5-day-old and mature D. viviparus infections.  相似文献   

Identification of tissue hypoxia in the livers of ascitic and hypoxia‐induced broilers using trypan blue     

M. H. Maxwell  I. A. Alexander  G. W. Robertson  M. A. Mitchell  C. C. McCorquodale 《British poultry science》1995,36(5):791-798

1. The perfusion of livers with the vital dye trypan blue was performed to test for evidence of tissue hypoxia in 3 groups of young broiler chickens, namely, ascitic, hypoxia‐induced and controls.

2. Hepatocytes that stained with trypan blue were considered to be dead or dying before fixation and represented damaged cells.

3. The proportion of trypan blue‐stained hepatocytes in the livers of ascitic birds was slightly less than half that observed in the hypoxia‐induced birds but significandy more than the proportion of stained cells observed in control birds.

4. Liver damage in the ascitic birds was also assessed biochemically by an altered enzyme profile.

5. The study demonstrated that increased trypan blue uptake in the livers of ascitic birds reared at sea‐level may be the consequence of hypoxia stress caused by reduced oxygen utilisation.  相似文献   

Serological investigations of infectious bursal disease virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus infections in New Zealand chickens     

Howell LJ  Bagust TJ  Alexander AM 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1982,30(8):128

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Goat horns: Platforms for viroid transmission to fruit trees?     

Oded Cohen  Ozgur Batuman  Yoni Moskowits  Alexander Rozov  Elisha Gootwine  Munir Mawassi  Moshe Bar-Joseph 《Phytoparasitica》2005,33(2):141-148

Mechanical inoculations with contaminating tools and propagation of infected budwood were considered the main causes for the omnipresence of multiple viroid species among citrus and other Middle Eastern and Mediterranean fruit trees and grapevines. However, neither means could explain viroid infections of wild trees — scattered on terrains inaccessible to humans — nor the finding of similar viroids among graft-incompatible plants. Northern hybridization of RNA extracts made of scrapings from the surfaces of goat (Capra hircus) horns that were rubbed against etrog (Citrus medica) stems infected with a citrus viroids complex, revealed accumulation of considerable amounts ofCitrus exocortis viroids (CEVd) andHop stunt viroids (HSVd). Experimental transmission of both CEVd and HSVd was obtained by rubbing healthy citrus plants with goat horns that had been rubbed 24 h earlier on infected etrog stems. These results implicate goats as possible vectors of viroids. Transmissionvia goats could have facilitated the long-range spread of viroids among cultivated and wild plants andvice versa and also among graft-incompatible plants.  相似文献   

Effect of pre‐milking teat disinfection on clinical mastitis incidence in a dairy herd in Northern Queensland,Australia          下载免费PDF全文

SM Rowe  WP Tranter  RA Laven 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(3):69-75

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Rangeland Ecology and Management,Volume 71, Issue 4: Soil Health as a Transformational Change Agent for US Grazing Lands Management     

Justin Derner  Alexander Smart  Theodore Toombs  Dana Larsen  Rebecca McCulley  Jeff Goodwin  Scott Sims  Leslie Roche 《Herpetological Monographs》2018,40(4):127-128

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A comparison of the effect of short-acting and long-acting cloxacillin-based dry-cow therapy on somatic cell counts after calving in cows also given internal teat sealants     

LK Whitfield  RA Laven 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2018,66(1):44-47

AIM: To compare, in cows treated with an internal teat sealant, the effect of short-acting and long-acting cloxacillin-based dry-cow therapy on somatic cell counts (SCC) after calving.

METHODS: Cows from a spring-calving, pasture-based dairy farm in the Manawatu-Whanganui region of New Zealand were randomly allocated to receive either a short-acting cloxacillin and ampicillin dry-cow therapy and internal teat sealant (n=291) or a long-acting cloxacillin and ampicillin dry-cow therapy and internal teat sealant (n=288) at the end of lactation. Cows were managed on-farm with routine husbandry procedures through the dry period and following calving. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the association between length of action of dry-cow therapy and the proportion of cows with a SCC >150,000?cells/mL at the first herd test after calving.

RESULTS: Age of cow, mean SCC for the preceding season and interval from calving to the first post-calving herd test were all associated with the proportion of cows with an individual SCC >150,000?cells/mL at the first herd test (p<0.001) Treatment with the short-acting dry-cow therapy was not associated with decreased odds of cows having a SCC >150,000?cells/mL at the first herd test compared with treatment with long-acting dry-cow therapy (OR=0.724; 95% CI=0.40–1.30).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In this herd, which routinely used internal teat sealants, the use of short-acting cloxacillin-based dry-cow therapy did not result in an increased proportion of cows with elevated SSC post-calving. This was a single farm, single year study but indicates that in this herd, changing from a long-acting to a short-acting antimicrobial may have no impact on the prevalence of subclinical mastitis.  相似文献   

Molecular detection of sugarcane striate virus and sugarcane white streak virus and their prevalence in the Miami World Collection of sugarcane and related grasses     

Wardatou Boukari  Denis Filloux  Jean Heinrich Daugrois  Emmanuel Fernandez  Dimitre Mollov  Claudia Kaye  Martha Hincapie  Alexander Sanchez  Jianping Wang  Philippe Roumagnac  Philippe Rott 《Plant pathology》2020,69(6):1060-1069

Viruses in the genus Mastrevirus (family Geminiviridae), including those infecting sugarcane, have natural geographical ranges almost exclusively restricted to Africa and the Indian Ocean islands off the African coast. Only sugarcane white streak virus (SWSV) in Barbados and sugarcane striate virus (SStrV) in Florida and Guadeloupe are known to infect a few sugarcane varieties in the Western Hemisphere. In this study, PCR assays were developed to detect these two viruses in sugarcane. Five hundred and seventy-one DNA samples from Saccharum species and interspecific hybrids from the Miami World Collection of sugarcane and related grasses were tested for the presence of SStrV and SWSV by PCR. No variety was found infected by SWSV but SStrV was detected in 19 varieties. PCR data were confirmed by sequencing amplified fragments (248 bp). These fragments shared 93%–100% nucleotide identity with SStrV sequences from the GenBank database. SStrV isolates were distributed in six phylogenetic groups, including the four strains of the virus. Most varieties infected by SStrV originated from Asia, thus confirming a previous hypothesis stating that this virus originated from this continent. Absence of SStrV in commercial sugarcane in Florida also suggested that this virus has not been spread in this location, while infected plants have been present for several decades.  相似文献