Effect of pre‐milking teat disinfection on clinical mastitis incidence in a dairy herd in Northern Queensland,Australia          下载免费PDF全文

SM Rowe  WP Tranter  RA Laven 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(3):69-75

  相似文献   

A comparison of the effect of short-acting and long-acting cloxacillin-based dry-cow therapy on somatic cell counts after calving in cows also given internal teat sealants     

LK Whitfield  RA Laven 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2018,66(1):44-47

AIM: To compare, in cows treated with an internal teat sealant, the effect of short-acting and long-acting cloxacillin-based dry-cow therapy on somatic cell counts (SCC) after calving.

METHODS: Cows from a spring-calving, pasture-based dairy farm in the Manawatu-Whanganui region of New Zealand were randomly allocated to receive either a short-acting cloxacillin and ampicillin dry-cow therapy and internal teat sealant (n=291) or a long-acting cloxacillin and ampicillin dry-cow therapy and internal teat sealant (n=288) at the end of lactation. Cows were managed on-farm with routine husbandry procedures through the dry period and following calving. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the association between length of action of dry-cow therapy and the proportion of cows with a SCC >150,000?cells/mL at the first herd test after calving.

RESULTS: Age of cow, mean SCC for the preceding season and interval from calving to the first post-calving herd test were all associated with the proportion of cows with an individual SCC >150,000?cells/mL at the first herd test (p<0.001) Treatment with the short-acting dry-cow therapy was not associated with decreased odds of cows having a SCC >150,000?cells/mL at the first herd test compared with treatment with long-acting dry-cow therapy (OR=0.724; 95% CI=0.40–1.30).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In this herd, which routinely used internal teat sealants, the use of short-acting cloxacillin-based dry-cow therapy did not result in an increased proportion of cows with elevated SSC post-calving. This was a single farm, single year study but indicates that in this herd, changing from a long-acting to a short-acting antimicrobial may have no impact on the prevalence of subclinical mastitis.  相似文献   

Acute cortisol responses of calves to scoop dehorning using local anaesthesia and/or cautery of the wound   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SP SYLVESTER  DJ MELLOR  KJ STAFFORD  RA BRUCE  RN WARD 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(2):118-122

Objective To measure plasma cortisol responses in calves dehorned using a scoop after administration of local anaesthesia and/or cautery of the wounds.
Design A physiological study with controls.
Procedure There were six treatments: control handling with and without local anaesthesia, dehorning, dehorning after local anaesthesia, dehorning followed by wound cautery, and dehorning after local anaesthesia followed by wound cautery. Blood samples were taken before and after dehorning.
Results Dehorning caused an increase in plasma cortisol concentrations, which decreased a little to plateau values and then declined to pretreatment values 3 to 4 h after dehorning. The peak was smaller after local anaesthesia was administered but when its effects wore off, cortisol concentrations increased and thereafter were similar to those in the dehorned animals. The combination of local anaesthesia and cautery resulted in a plasma cortisol response similar to those in control calves with or without local anaesthesia.
Conclusions If plasma cortisol concentrations reflect the distress being experienced by the calves, then local anaesthesia reduces the acute distress for about 3 h after dehorning but not during the subsequent 3 to 4 h. Combining local anaesthetic and cautery prevented the significant increase in plasma cortisol following dehorning and may eliminate the acute distress caused by scoop dehorning.  相似文献   

Successful medical treatment of splenic abscesses in a horse     

CM STEEL  RA LONSDALE  JR BOLTON 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(8):541-542

  相似文献   

The Assessment of Community Attitudes toward Industrial Development     

ROBERT T. GREEN  GRADY D. BRUCE 《Growth and change》1976,7(1):28-33

  相似文献   

Evaluation of Skin Bacterial Flora Before and After Aseptic Preparation of Clipped and Nonclipped Arthrocentesis Sites in Horses     

BRENT A. HAGUE DVM    CLIFFORD M. HONNAS DVM  Dipiomate ACVS    R. BRUCE SIMPSON DVM  MS  Dipiomate ACVM  JOHN G. PELOSO DVM  MS  Dipiomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1997,26(2):121-125

Objective —This study evaluates skin bacterial flora before and after aseptic preparation of clipped and nonclipped arthrocentesis sites in horses. Study Design —The hair over one midcarpal joint and one distal interphalangeal joint on each horse was clipped. The contralateral joint served as the nonclipped comparison. Animals or Sample Population —Twelve adult horses. Methods —A prescrub sample for microbial culture was taken from the dorsal surface of all four joints for each horse. Each site was aseptically prepared with povidone iodine and 70% alcohol, followed by postscrub sampling for microbial culture. Colony forming units (CFUs) were determined for each sample, 24 hours after inoculation of blood agar plates. Results —There was no significant difference (P >.05) in number of postscrub CFUs between clipped and nonclipped skin over the midcarpal or distal interphalangeal joints. Percent bacterial reduction (mean ± SD%) after aseptic preparation differed significantly (P=.02) between clipped (99.8 ±.003%) and nonclipped (96.2 ±.05%) skin at the midcarpal joint, but not at the distal interphalangeal joint (clipped, 98.5 ±.03% and nonclipped, 97.8 ± 0.21%). There was a significant difference (P=.009) in number of prescrub CFUs obtained from clipped and nonclipped skin for the midcarpal joint. There was no significant difference in number of prescrub CFUs between clipped and nonclipped skin at the distal interphalangeal joint. Bacteria isolated from both clipped and nonclipped skin sampled postscrub included Bacillus sp, nonhemolytic Staphylococcus sp, and Micrococcus sp. Conclusions —The presence of hair over the midcarpal and distal interphalangeal joints does not appear to inhibit the ability of antiseptics to effectively reduce bacterial flora to an acceptable level for arthrocentesis. Clinical Relevance —Aseptic preparation of the skin over the midcarpal and distal interphalangeal joints can be accomplished without hair removal in horses.  相似文献   

Genital pathology of feral male goats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S TARIGAN  PW LADDS  RA FOSTER 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(8):286-290

Genitalia from 1000 feral male goats derived from western Queensland and New South Wales were examined after slaughter at an abattoir and the prevalence of abnormalities determined. Ulcerative balanoposthitis, considered due to caprine herpesvirus infection, was observed in 11 animals (1.1%); acidophilic intranuclear inclusions were found in 7 of these. Other conditions included focal hypoplasia of seminiferous tubules in 2 bucks (0.2%), segmental aplasia of the epididymis (one buck, 0.1%), bulbourethral gland cysts with contained aggregations (33 bucks, 3.3%) and haemangiosarcoma of the bulbourethral gland in one animal. The low prevalence of several conditions such as spermatic granuloma, cryptorchidism, and testicular hypoplasia, was attributed largely to the fact that the bucks examined were horned so that the recognised association between genital abnormalities and polledness did not apply.  相似文献   

Semen cryopreservation of salmonid fishes: influence of handling parameters on the postthaw fertilization rate     

F Lahnsteiner  RA Patzner  T Weismann 《Aquaculture Research》1996,27(9):659-671

Using the cryopreservation method of Lahnsteiner, Berger, Weismann & Patzner (1995, Aquaculture Research 26 , 801-807) the influence of allowable variations of methodical parameters (storage of semen before cryopreservation, dilution ratios in the extender, equilibration in the extender, cooling rates, storage of deep-frozen semen in liquid nitrogen, storage of frozen/thawed semen, minimal sperm/egg ratio) was investigated under the aspect of routine utilization. Under optimized experimental conditions, fertilization rates were 90-100% of controls in Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), Salmo trutta L. f. lacustrisSalmo truttaL.f. fario and Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). The following results were obtained: 1. Storage of untreated semen for more than 1 h before cryopreservation decreased the postthaw fertility. 2. Equilibration of semen up to 20 min in the extender did not affect the postthaw fertility. 3. Optimal dilution ratio of semen in the extender was threefold in Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salvelinus fontinalis. Lower dilution ratios decreased the postthaw fertility, higher dilution ratios did not affect the postthaw fertility. In Salmo trutta f. lacustris and Salmo trutta f. fario, which have a higher sperm density, optimal dilution ratio of semen in the extender was fivefold to sevenfold. 4. In Oncorhynchus mykiss, as in Salmo trutta f lacustris and Salmo trutta f. fario, the optimal freezing height was at 1.5 cm above the level of liquid nitrogen (-110 ± 2^oC); in Salvelinus fontinalis it was 2.5 cm above the level of liquid nitrogen (-92 ± 2^oC). Changes in the freezing height of 0.5 cm (about 10^oC) resulted in a significant decrease of postthaw fertility. 5. Storage of deep-frozen semen for up to 370 days in liquid nitrogen had no influence on its postthaw fertilization rate. 6. Storage of frozen/thawed semen for 30 s before insemination significantly decreased its postthaw fertility. 7. Reliable minimal sperm:egg ratio to obtain fertilization rates of 90-100% of control was 3-5 X 10⁵ spermatozoa egg^-1.  相似文献   

Immature Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) dive activity in relation to habitat features of the eastern Aleutian Islands     

BRIAN S. FADELY  BRUCE W. ROBSON  JEREMY T. STERLING  ANGIE GREIG  KATHERINE A. CALL 《Fisheries Oceanography》2005,14(S1):243-258

  相似文献   

Lipid class and fatty acid composition of eggs of Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.), in relation to egg quality in captive broodstock   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. P. BRUCE  R. J. SHIELDS†  M. V. BELL  N. R. BROMAGE 《Aquaculture Research》1993,24(3):417-422

Abstract. Lipid class and fatty acid analyses were carried out on eight batches of pre-fertilized eggs of Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.). These batches were classified as ‘viable’ or ‘non-viable’ according to fertilization rate, blastomere symmetry and incubation success. The lipid class and fatty acid compositions were very similar between egg categories with exception of cholesterol which was shown to be significantly greater in the ‘non-viable’ eggs. Polar lipid classes predominated (67·1% and 67·0% of the total lipid for ‘viable’ and ‘non-viable’ egg batches respectively), with phosphatidylcholine (PC) being the major class (43·2% and 43·5%) and triacylglycerol (TAG) the main neutral lipid class (18·8% and 17·8%). Gas liquid chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters from the total lipid revealed no significant differences in fatty acid composition. The fatty acid profiles of viable egg batches showed five major fatty acids 16:0 (17·3%), 18:0 (4·8%), 18:1n-9 (9%), 20:5n-3 (119%) and 22:6n-3 (25·9%). The results are discussed in terms of the potential role of lipids as egg quality determinants in fish.  相似文献