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Hernández-Castellano Lorenzo E. Nally Jarlath E. Lindahl Johanna Wanapat Metha Alhidary Ibrahim A. Fangueiro David Grace Delia Ratto Marcelo Bambou Jean Christophe de Almeida André M. 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(5):1009-1017
In the next two decades, the world population will increase significantly; the majority in the developing countries located in the tropics of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. To feed such a population, it is necessary to increase the availability of food, particularly high-value animal protein foods produced locally, namely meat and dairy products. Dairy production in tropical regions has a lot of growth potential, but also poses a series of problems, particularly as dairy production systems were developed in temperate countries and in most cases are difficult to implement in the tropics. Drawbacks include hot weather and heat stress, the lack of availability of adequate feeds, poor infrastructure, and cold chain and the competition with cheap imports from temperate countries. This position paper reviews the major drawbacks in dairy production for the five major dairy species: cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goat, and camel, as well as the future trends in research and development. It also concerns the major trends in reproduction and production systems and health issues as well as environmental concerns, particularly those related to greenhouse gas emissions. Tropical Animal Health and Production now launches a topical collection on Tropical Dairy Science. We aim to publish interesting and significant papers in tropical dairy science. On behalf of the editorial board of the Tropical Animal Health and Production, we would like to invite all authors working in this field to submit their works on this topic to this topical collection in our journal.
相似文献2.
Petterino C Bedin M Podestá G Ratto A 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2006,35(1):95-100
A 6-year-old intact female corn snake (Elaphe guttata guttata) was presented with a 3-week history of anorexia. Coelomic radiographs revealed a 9 x 4 cm soft tissue opacity suggestive of a right ovarian enlargement. The mass (9 x 5 x 4 cm) was surgically removed, and multiple smears from tissue sections were stained with Diff-Quik. Multiple tissue samples from the mass were collected and fixed in formalin. Cytologic specimens were moderately cellular and contained light pink amorphous background material. The cells were primarily spindle-shaped with moderate to marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. Cells sometimes were round to polygonal, and rarely were arranged in small clusters. Macrophages occasionally were observed. Histologic specimens consisted of a highly cellular mass composed of pleomorphic, spindle-shaped cells and, occasionally, round to polygonal cells arranged in irregular fascicles. The neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), smooth muscle actin, and skeletal muscle actin, but did not stain for vimentin or desmin. On the basis of the morphologic and immunohistochemical results, a diagnosis of ovarian undifferentiated carcinoma was made. In this report, we describe the challenges of using immunohistochemistry to diagnose this uncommon type of tumor in reptiles. 相似文献
3.
Petterino C Luzio E Baracchini L Ferrari A Ratto A 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2011,40(1):89-94
A 7-year-old male German Shepherd dog in poor body condition had a 3-month history of intermittent hematuria. Nonregenerative anemia, mild leukocytosis, marked hypoalbuminemia, and hematuria were observed. Subsequently, marked neutrophilia and moderate monocytosis were noted; anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hematuria persisted; and the dog developed disseminated intravascular coagulation. Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen revealed the presence of an enlarged and irregularly shaped right kidney with a large area of cavitation, and a nephrectomy was performed 30 days after initial examination. Cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirates and imprints of the right kidney revealed a neoplastic cell population suggestive of renal carcinoma. The histopathologic diagnosis was chromophobic cystic-papillary renal carcinoma. The tumor cells expressed granulocytic/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), detected by immunohistochemical staining, and elaboration of GM-CSF by the tumor may have mediated the leukocytosis in this dog. Following excision of the tumor, neutrophil and monocyte counts were only mildly increased. The dog died 135 days after initial presentation, and a necropsy was not permitted. Paraneoplastic neutrophilic leukocytosis is an uncommon finding and may be caused by elaboration of CSF by neoplastic cells. 相似文献
4.
Anaerobic sediment potential acidification and metal release risk assessment by chemical characterization and batch resuspension experiments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Background, Aim and Scope Sediments act as a sink for toxic substances (heavy metals, organic pollutants) and, consequently, dredged materials often
contain pollutants which are above safe limits. In polluted anaerobic sediments, the presence of sulphides and redox potential
changes creates a favorable condition for sulphide oxidation to sulphate, resulting in potential toxic metal release. The
oxidation reaction is catalyzed by several microorganisms. Some clean up measures, such as dredging, can initiate the process.
The aim of the present work is to assess the acidification and metal release risk in the event of sediment dredging and also
to compare two different acid base account techniques with the resuspension results. The oxidation mechanism by means of inoculation
with an Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain was also evaluated.
Methodology The sediments were chemically characterized (pH; organic oxidizable carbon; acid volatile sulphides; total sulphur; moisture;
Cr, Cu and Zn aqua regia contents). A metal sequential extraction procedure (Community Bureau of Reference, BCR technique)
was applied to calculate the Acid Producing Potential (APP) and Acid Consuming Capacity (ACC) of the sediment samples through
Fe, Ca2+ and SO4
2− measurements. The acid base account was also performed by the Sobek methodology (Acid producing potential — AP — calculated
with total sulphur and neutralization potential — NP — by titration of the remaining acid after a reaction period with the
sample). Fresh sediments were placed in agitated shake flasks and samples were taken at different times to evaluate pH, SO4
2− and Cr, Cu, Zn and Fe2+ concentration. Some of the systems were inoculated with an Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain to assess the biological catalysis on sulphide oxidation.
Results Sediment chemical characterization showed high organic matter content (5.4–10.6%), total sulphur (0.36–0.86%) and equivalent
CaCO3 percentages (4.5–8%). pH was neutral-alkaline for all of the samples. AVS content was high except for sample 5. The acid
base account obtained with the two methods gave different results for the acid generating risk of the samples. A decrease
of 0.4 to 3.1 pH units was measured in the agitated shake flasks. In all of the systems, sulphate concentration increased
(2,100–2,200 mg L−1 to 2,500–3,000 mg L−1), and positively correlated with the initial total sulphur content of the samples in the inoculated flasks. Cu and Cr in
solution were not detected in most of the sampling occasions (<0.5 mg Cu L−1 and <0.5 mg Cr L−1). Zn reached high concentrations (up to 11.8 mg L−1). For every system — except sediment 1 — the lowest pH registered was similar in comparison to inoculated and control systems.
The inoculation effect was mostly evidenced in the systems by a higher sulphate release rate compared to the control systems.
Discussion The BCR method categorized all of the samples as potentially acid generating material. The Sobek method using NPR (NP/AP)
criteria classified sample 3 as a possible acid generator and samples 1, 2 and 5 with a low acid generation potential. Despite
this, all the samples acidified the media in the kinetic tests in at least one of the conditions employed in this work. It
would seem that NPR and NNP (NP-AP) risk classification criteria should not be directly used with anaerobic sediments. Appropriate
classification levels for sediments should be developed considering the different sulphide reactivity between rock and sediments.
Sediment oxidation can cause acidification, which is partially explained by sulphide oxidation. In the samples studied, we
found a positive correlation between sulphate increase in solution after oxidation and total sulphur content in the inoculated
systems. Significant amounts of Zn could be released to solution while Cr and Cu remained insoluble despite the pH decrease
observed. The low Cu and Cr mobility could be explained by the very low solubility of their hydroxides and high affinity for
organic matter and iron oxides/hydroxides that might form during sediment oxidation. Dredged sediment management and disposal
should be carefully planned.
Conclusions All of the sediment samples lowered the pH media in the laboratory batch resuspension experiments. However, both risk classification
criteria (NNP, NPR) from Sobek acid base account were not able to predict the samples’ behavior as accurately as the BCR derived
base account. The inoculation effect was mostly associated with a higher sulphate release and not to a lower pH due to acid
base equilibrium.
Recommendations and Perspectives Appropriate risk classification levels for sediments should be developed considering the different sulphide reactivity between
rock and sediments.
ESS-Submission Editor: Dr. Sabine Ulrike Gerbersdorf (sug@st-andrews.ac.uk) 相似文献
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6.
Primary right atrium haemangiosarcoma in a cat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Primary cardiac neoplasms are rare in animals. Hemangiosarcoma is the most common primary cardiac tumour in the dog, but has not been reported in the cat. We describe the clinical signs, the gross examination, and the morphological and immunohistochemical features of a haemangiosarcoma in the right atrium of a 13-year-old domestic shorthair cat. In addition, a distant metastasis was found in the liver. 相似文献
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A comparative study of the effects of intramuscular administration of gonadorelin,mating and intrauterine infusion of either raw seminal plasma or seminal plasma purified β‐NGF on luteal development in llamas 
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下载免费PDF全文 The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the intramuscular administration of 50 μg of gonadorelin acetate versus natural mating, intrauterine infusion (i.u.) of a physiological relevant dose of either raw llama seminal plasma (SP) or purified beta‐nerve growth factor from seminal origin (spβ‐NGF) on ovulation rate and corpus luteum (CL) development and function in llamas. Females with a follicle (≥8 mm) were assigned to groups: (i) i.m. administration of 50 μg of gonadorelin acetate (GnRH; positive control; n = 4); (ii) single mating (mating; n = 6); (iii) i.u. infusion of 4 ml of llama SP (SP; n = 4); or (iv) i.u. infusion of 10 mg of spβ‐NGF contained in 4 ml of PBS (phosphate‐buffered saline) (spβ‐NGF; n = 6). Ovaries were examined by power Doppler ultrasonography at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hr after treatment to determine preovulatory follicle vascularization area (VA), and additionally every 12 hr until Day 2 (Day of treatment = Day 0) to determine ovulation. Afterwards, ovaries were examined every other day until Day 8 to evaluate CL diameter and VA. Blood samples were collected on Days 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 to determine plasma progesterone (P4) concentration. Ovulation rate did not differ (p = .7) among groups, but treatment affected (p < .0001) preovulatory follicle VA. Neither treatment administration nor treatment by time interaction affected (p ≥ .4) CL diameter, VA and plasma P4 concentration. Mating tended (p = .08) to increase CL VA when compared to the seminal plasma group by Day 8. Intrauterine administration of seminal plasma or spβ‐NGF does not increase CL size and function when compared to i.m. GnRH treatment, suggesting that the administration route of spβ‐NGF influences its luteotrophic effect in llamas. 相似文献
9.
Gustavo Enrique Ratto Fabián Videla Ricardo Maronna Alberto Flores Fernando de Pablo Dávila 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,208(1-4):243-257
The city of La Plata and its surroundings are a very populated area, which has an important Industrial Pole and intense traffic activity but environmental studies have been rare so far. This article presents and discusses the importance of wind frequencies and velocities for the transport of air pollutants. The study emphasizes the importance of knowing wind patterns on an hourly basis that can be helpful for designing a monitoring network as well as for preventing exposure to pollutants. Correlation between monthly SO2 concentrations and wind frequencies and velocities are discussed for a particular set of directions NNW–NE that carry pollutants from industrial sources toward populated areas. As a result, averaged wind frequencies have been found to be very important for determining patterns influencing pollutants transport; the influence of averaged velocities has shown low variability (hourly and monthly). Hierarchical cluster analysis applied to wind roses provided a useful approach for analyzing and describing the general daily occurrence of winds. 相似文献
10.
A Russian jumper horse presented because of an ocular perilimbal conjunctival mass and, on clinical examination, two bilateral conjunctival masses were found, of different size and conformation. Attempts at complete excision of the left eye mass and excisional biopsy of the right eye mass were performed. The left eye mass recurred rapidly, but resolved completely after topical corticosteroid therapy. The two lesions had similar histopathologic features, characterized by focal, chronic, primarily lymphocytic conjunctivitis with follicular lymphoid hyperplasia. Special histopathologic staining techniques (Gomori methenamine silver and acid fast stains) and immunohistochemistry (for CD3, BLA36 and lysozyme) failed to reveal any etiologic agents and indicated an inflammatory lesion composed of a heterogeneous population of lymphocytes and macrophages (nodular lymphocytic conjunctivitis). The lesions were indistinguishable, clinically and behaviorally, from what has been reported as 'conjunctival pseudotumor' in the horse. Equine conjunctival pseudotumor/nodular lymphocytic conjunctivitis has been reported to be unilateral and have a good prognosis after partial or complete surgical excision. This is the first reported case of bilateral nodular lymphocytic conjunctivitis in a horse and for which surgical excision alone was not curative. 相似文献