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M. Peters J. Kilwinski A. Beringhoff D. Reckling E. Genersch 《Zoonoses and public health》2006,53(2):100-104
Between March 2003 and October 2004, Paenibacillus larvae, the aetiological agent of American foulbrood disease of the honey bee, was isolated from broodcombs and honey samples of 54 apiaries in the administrative district of Arnsberg (North Rhine‐Westphalia, Germany). Genotyping of 176 P. larvae isolates with repetitive element polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting (rep‐PCR) using BOX A1R and MBO REP1 primers revealed five different genotypes (AB, Ab, ab, aß, AБ). In samples of three apiaries, more than one genotype was detected. A combination of two genotypes was isolated from honey samples of the same hive two times (ab/aß and Ab/ab). The five genotypes were not randomly distributed in the district, but revealed a certain geographical clustering. Possible factors with impact on the genotype diversity and the distribution pattern are discussed. 相似文献
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F Ardón A Döhring X Le Thi KF Weitze D Waberski 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2003,38(2):161-165
The goal of this study was to determine the ability of the Hanover gilt model to assess in vivo fertilizing capacity of preserved sperm and to consider whether any modifications to this model were needed. This model evaluates the fertilizing capacity of semen based on the fertilization rate, the rate of normal embryos and the accessory sperm count of 3–5‐day embryos. Its distinguishing characteristics are the use of one‐time insemination of sperm in reduced numbers, of spontaneously ovulating gilts and of ovulation detection through ultrasound examination of ovaries. Reduced sperm numbers allow for an accurate evaluation of the fertilizing potential of different semen treatments, thereby avoiding the compensatory effect of doses calibrated to maximize fertility. The model's usefulness was assessed in a trial run designed to compare the fertilizing capacity of liquid boar semen diluted into two different extenders. The diluent, the boar and the backflow, had no significant effect on any of the parameters studied. Gilts inseminated less than 24 h before ovulation had a significantly higher (p < 0.01) fertilization rate and accessory sperm cell count (p < 0.05) than those inseminated more than 24 h before ovulation. Very good/good embryos from homogeneous litters (only very good/good embryos were present) had a significantly higher (p < 0.01) accessory sperm count than those from heterogeneous litters (at least one embryo was of a different quality and/or oocytes were present). Both very good/good and degenerated/retarded embryos from heterogeneous litters had low accessory sperm numbers. This suggests that accessory sperm count is significantly related to the quality of the litter, but not to the quality of the embryo within gilts. It can be concluded that the Hanover gilt model is sensitive enough to show fertility differences (in this study, those associated with in vivo ageing of semen), while using relatively few gilts and little time. 相似文献
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Gaede W Reckling KF Dresenkamp B Kenklies S Schubert E Noack U Irmscher HM Ludwig C Hotzel H Sachse K 《Zoonoses and public health》2008,55(4):184-188
In 2005, an outbreak of severe respiratory disease in a mixed poultry flock that was infected with Chlamydophila (C.) psittaci led to dissemination of the infection to at least 100 small poultry farms in 11 districts of Central Germany. At the same time, a total of 24 persons in contact with poultry from one of the flocks reported flu-like symptoms to their physician, thus suggesting zoonotic transmission. Within 3 weeks, seven individuals had to be hospitalized, with three of them requiring intensive care. Analysis of ompA sequences from chlamydial isolates and directly from clinical samples revealed the presence of both genotype A and E/B of C. psittaci at the source of the outbreak and in contact flocks. Genotype A was also detected in the three severely ill patients. The findings of the present study demonstrate the high zoonotic potential of avian chlamydiae. To ensure speedy eradication of psittacosis in poultry flocks and effective treatment of infected humans, fast, sensitive and species-specific detection of the causative agent is essential, as well as close collaboration between regional public health services, attending physicians and the diagnostic laboratories involved. 相似文献
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The comparative pathogenicity of four serovars of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The pathogenicity of 2 isolates of each of serovars 7, 3, 1 and 2 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was tested by intranasal inoculation into 60, 6-week-old large white pigs. Four dose rates varying from 0.27 to 560 x 10(6) organisms per pig with 10-fold serial dilutions were used. Surviving pigs were necropsied 7 days after inoculation. The proportion of pigs dying and developing gross lesions following infection was significantly greater for pigs given serotype 1 than for each of the other 3 serotypes, which did not differ significantly from each other. Twelve of 16 pigs given either of the 2 isolates of serovar 1 died after acute illness and 1 of 44 pigs given either of the 2 isolates each of serovars 7, 3 and 2 died. Pigs given serovar 1 showed high temperatures, severe respiratory distress, frothy haemorrhagic nasal discharge and weight loss. Lung lesions were produced in all 16 pigs given serovar 1, in 7 of 14 pigs given serovar 7, 7 of 14 pigs receiving serovar 3 and in 5 of 16 pigs given serovar 2. The lethal infections were characterised by a severe acute fibrinohaemorrhagic necrotising pleuropneumonia, whereas non-lethal cases had lung lesions ranging from necrotising purulent pleuropneumonia to abscessation. Significant differences between isolates in proportions of tissues culture positive for A. pleuropneumoniae for serovars 7 and 2, but not for serovars 3 and 1 suggested that isolates may vary in virulence within serovars, but more detailed studies are needed to clarify this point. 相似文献
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Peters M Kilwinski J Beringhoff A Reckling D Genersch E 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2006,53(2):100-104
Between March 2003 and October 2004, Paenibacillus larvae, the aetiological agent of American foulbrood disease of the honey bee, was isolated from broodcombs and honey samples of 54 apiaries in the administrative district of Arnsberg (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany). Genotyping of 176 P. larvae isolates with repetitive element polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting (rep-PCR) using BOX A1R and MBO REP1 primers revealed five different genotypes (AB, Ab, ab, ass, Acapital BE, Cyrillic). In samples of three apiaries, more than one genotype was detected. A combination of two genotypes was isolated from honey samples of the same hive two times (ab/ass and Ab/ab). The five genotypes were not randomly distributed in the district, but revealed a certain geographical clustering. Possible factors with impact on the genotype diversity and the distribution pattern are discussed. 相似文献
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Lankford S Petty C LaVoy A Reckling S Tompkins W Dean GA 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,123(1-2):159-166
Feline and primate immunodeficiency viruses (FIVs, SIVs, and HIV) are transmitted via direct contact (e.g. fighting, sexual contact, and mother–offspring transmission). This dynamic likely poses a behavioral barrier to cross-species transmission in the wild. Recently, several host intracellular anti-viral proteins that contribute to species-specificity of primate lentiviruses have been identified revealing adaptive mechanisms that further limit spread of lentiviruses between species. Consistent with these inter-species transmission barriers, phylogenetic evidence supports the prediction that FIV transmission is an exceedingly rare event between free-ranging cat species, though it has occurred occasionally in captive settings. Recently we documented that puma and bobcats in Southern California share an FIV strain, providing an opportunity to evaluate evolution of both viral strains and host intracellular restriction proteins. These studies are facilitated by the availability of the 2× cat genome sequence annotation. In addition, concurrent viral and host genetic analyses have been used to track patterns of migration of the host species and barriers to transmission of the virus within the African lion. These studies illustrate the utility of FIV as a model to discover the variables necessary for establishment and control of lentiviral infections in new species. 相似文献
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Various organs of goslings and Muscovy duck chickens were investigated by electron microscopy, with the negative contrast technique being used in a routine diagnosis programme. Investigations were extended over several years and were, more specifically, applied to 1,148 samples obtained from 525 goslings and 429 samples which had been collected from 139 Muscovy duck chickens. Viruses were directly detected in 132 or 76 samples. Parvoviruses were predominant in geese and Muscovy ducks and accounted for 83.3 or 94.7%. Rotaviruses, reoviruses, and adenoviruses were sporadically diagnosed. Most of all positive findings were recorded from intestinal matter, liver, and heart. Parvovirus-related diseases were practically removed from among goslings, owing to efficient immunoprophylaxis on all larger goose units. Small privately owned flocks were found to play a role as pathogen reservoirs for both goslings and Muscovy ducks. 相似文献