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1.
Reona IKEGAMI Yoshimasa TANIMOTO Miori KISHIMOTO Hideshi SHIBATA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(2):199-202
The rabbit, which is widely used as an experimental animal and is also popular as a companion animal, has a
flat and elongated spleen with the longitudinal hilus running along its visceral surface. The spleen receives
via the hilus an arterial supply that is essential for splenic nutrition and normal functioning. However, the
distribution and variation of the arteries to the spleen have not been studied in detail. This study
investigated anatomical variations of splenic arterial supply in 33 New Zealand White rabbits with a colored
latex injection into arteries. We also examined whether the length of the spleen correlated with the number of
the splenic branches of the splenic artery. The splenic artery always arose as the first independent branch of
the celiac artery and ran along the splenic hilus to usually provide 6 (range, 3 to 10) splenic branches to
the spleen. There was a moderate correlation (R=0.6) between the number of splenic branches
and the longitudinal length of the spleen. The splenic branches often arose as a trunk or trunks in common
with short gastric arteries. The number of common trunk(s) was usually 1 (range, 0 to 4). The data showed that
the pattern and number of arterial branches to the spleen varied according to the individual animal,
suggesting that such variations should be considered when performing experimental and veterinary surgical
treatments in rabbits. 相似文献
2.
Plants defend themselves against microbial invasions by detecting conserved molecules, collectively called pathogen-associated
molecular patterns (PAMPs). PAMPs-triggered basal resistance is the first inducible layer of plant defense. Here we found
that Ralstonia solanacearum strain RS1002 can efficiently grow and cause disease in ecotype Columbia-0 of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in a manner dependent on the Hrp type III secretion system (T3SS). The extent of disease symptoms caused by R. solanacearum was reduced in plants pretreated with ΔhrpY mutant deficient in the functional Hrp T3SS. Pretreatment with a boiled extract (BE) from R. solanacearum had a similar inhibitory effect on disease development or bacterial multiplication in both Arabidopsis and several solanaceous plants. Simultaneous inoculations with BE and R. solanacearum did not induce BE-mediated resistance, nor did a BE treatment with proteinases. These results indicate that host plants recognize
an unknown proteinaceous PAMP in the BE to induce disease resistance and that the Hrp T3SS of R. solanacearum can suppress it. From an analysis using Arabidopsis mutants lacking PAMP receptors, the elongation factor Tu of R. solanacearum was shown to partially contribute to BE-mediated basal resistance in Arabidopsis plants. 相似文献
3.
Mano J Yanaka Y Ikezu Y Onishi M Futo S Minegishi Y Ninomiya K Yotsuyanagi Y Spiegelhalter F Akiyama H Teshima R Hino A Naito S Koiwa T Takabatake R Furui S Kitta K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(13):6856-6863
Because of the increasing use of maize hybrids with genetically modified (GM) stacked events, the established and commonly used bulk sample methods for PCR quantification of GM maize in non-GM maize are prone to overestimate the GM organism (GMO) content, compared to the actual weight/weight percentage of GM maize in the grain sample. As an alternative method, we designed and assessed a group testing strategy in which the GMO content is statistically evaluated based on qualitative analyses of multiple small pools, consisting of 20 maize kernels each. This approach enables the GMO content evaluation on a weight/weight basis, irrespective of the presence of stacked-event kernels. To enhance the method's user-friendliness in routine application, we devised an easy-to-use PCR-based qualitative analytical method comprising a sample preparation step in which 20 maize kernels are ground in a lysis buffer and a subsequent PCR assay in which the lysate is directly used as a DNA template. This method was validated in a multilaboratory collaborative trial. 相似文献
4.
Reona Azuma Naoko Ito Nobuhiro Nakayama Ryuichi Suwa Nguyen Tran Nguyen Juan Á. Larrinaga-Mayoral Muneraru Esaka Hideyasu Fujiyama Hirofumi Saneoka 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
The effects of NaCl stress on plant growth, gas-exchange, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), rate of lipid peroxidation, and accumulation of Na+ ion and sugar were investigated in leaves and fruits of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.). Especially, the gene expression of l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH), which is the last enzyme of ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis, and the relationships between AsA level and Na+ concentration in plant tissue were investigated with increasing salinity. Plants were treated with three treatments: the control (0 mM NaCl) and two salinity levels (50 and 100 mM NaCl) for 21 days under greenhouse conditions. Plant growth was markedly restricted due to the reduction of photosynthetic rate and the increase of Na+ accumulation in leaves with the increasing intensity of NaCl stress. Salinity had more effect on fruit growth comparing to leaf growth, suggesting that fruits could be more sensitive to salinity than leaves. In comparison with the control, salt stress significantly increased lipid peroxidation (as measured as malondialdehyde content) but decreased SOD activity in both fruits and leaves although the effect was larger in fruits; and the rate of the decrease in SOD activity was greater than that of the increase in lipid peroxidation. The AsA concentration transiently increased first 7 days but it slightly decreased from the initial level in the end of treatment day 21. The change in GalLDH gene expression was similar to AsA concentration. The accumulation of Na+, the reduction of AsA level at severe salinity stress were greater in fruits than in leaves; and AsA level had a negative relationship with Na+ concentration in both leaves and fruits. These results suggest that the difference in salt sensitivity between fruits and leaves in pepper plants can be related to the difference in inhibition of AsA synthesis, which in turn is probably due to the toxicity of extreme accumulation of Na+. 相似文献
5.
Kushiro T Yamashita K Umar MA Maehara S Wakaiki S Abe R Seno T Tsuzuki K Izumisawa Y Muir WW 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(4):379-384
The anesthetic sparring and cardiovascular effects produced by midazolam 0.8 mg/ml-ketamine 40 mg/ml-medetomidine 0.05 mg/ml (0.025 ml/kg/hr) drug infusion during sevoflurane in oxygen (MKM-OS) anesthesia was determined in healthy horses. The anesthetic sparring effects of MKM-OS were assessed in 6 healthy thoroughbred horses in which the right carotid artery was surgically relocated to a subcutaneous position. All horses were intubated and ventilated with oxygen using intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). The end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane (ET(SEV)) required to maintain surgical anesthesia was approximately 1.7%. Heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure averaged 23-41 beats/min and 70-112 mmHg, respectively. All horses stood between 23-44 min after the cessation of all anesthetic drugs. The cardiovascular effects of MKM-OS anesthesia were evaluated in 5 healthy thoroughbred horses ventilated using IPPV. Anesthesia was maintained for 4 hr at an ET(SEV) of 1.7%. Each horse was studied during left lateral (LR) and dorsal recumbency (DR) with a minimum interval between evaluations of 1 month. Cardiac output and cardiac index were maintained between 70-80% of baseline values during LR and 65-70% of baseline values during DR. Stroke volume was maintained between 75-85% of baseline values during LR and 60-70% of baseline values during DR. Systemic vascular resistance was not different from baseline values regardless of position. MKM-OS anesthesia may be useful for prolonged equine surgery because of its minimal cardiovascular depression in both of lateral and dorsal recumbency. 相似文献
6.
Izumisawa Y Seno T Abe R Miyoshi K Maehara S Wakaiki S Kushiro T Umar MA Tsuzuki K Yamashita K Hayashi S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(4):437-440
Axial correction was performed surgically in two miniature dachshunds presenting with lateral patellar dislocation and limping caused by pes varus. Pes varus had resulted from asymmetric closure of the physis of the distal tibia. Prior to surgery, osteotomy was simulated by measuring X-ray films to determine the distance required for the wedge opening. Transverse-opening wedge osteotomy was performed on the medial side of the distal tibia, and beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) was inserted in a wedge shape into the area created by the cuneiform osteotomy. Finally, the tibia was fixed by a veterinary 1.5/2.0-mm T-plate. Both dogs were able to walk a few days after surgery, and the lateral dislocation of the patella normalized almost completely in about one month. At two months, X-ray films showed that the implant had remained in position without any dislocation, and the beta-TCP had fused with the surrounding bone. 相似文献
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Advanced molecular immunoassay system for immunobiotic lactic acid bacteria using a transfectant of Toll-like receptor 2 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Masanori TOHNO Takeshi SHIMOSATO Yasushi KAWAI Hisashi ASO Shuji IKEGAMI Naoki TAKETOMO Tadao SAITO Haruki KITAZAWA 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(2):195-205
Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a receptor for a variety of microbial components, and it also mediates activation signals in the cell relating to the innate immune system. In order to evaluate the precise molecular immunoregulation by various strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) via TLR2, the swine TLR2 (sTLR2)‐expressing transfectant was constructed using human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. It is demonstrated that intact immunobiotic LAB can induce immune responses through TLR2, and that different nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activities of various strains can be accurately detected by sTLR2‐expressing HEK293 cells. Furthermore, cellular activation of NF‐κB via TLR2 is reflected in enhanced binding and uptake of LAB. The sTLR2‐expressing HEK293 cells were also useful for characterizing the expression pattern of type I helper T (Th1) and type II helper T (Th2) cytokines by the stimulation of immunobiotic LAB. These results suggest that sTLR2‐expressing HEK293 cells may be useful in certain molecular immunoassay systems for producing new physiologically functional foods with intestinal immunomodulatory abilities, such as the maintenance of Th1/Th2 polarization. 相似文献
10.
Wakaiki S Maehara S Abe R Tsuzuki K Igarashi O Saito A Itoh N Yamashita K Izumisawa Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(5):465-470
In dogs, a variety of diseases of the retina and choroid have been reported, either separately or concomitantly; however, the canine choroid is difficult to evaluate by veterinary techniques currently available. Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography is widely used in human ophthalmology, but has not been investigated for use in canine ophthalmology. The aim of this study was to apply a new approach to ICG angiography and compare the resulting angiograms with fluorescein (FLUO) angiograms of the ocular fundus in dogs. With a fundus camera equipped with an infrared-sensitive charged coupled device (CCD), we performed angiography on eight healthy beagles under inhalation anesthesia. ICG angiography enabled clear visualization of the choroidal vasculature, whereas FLUO angiography showed only the retinal vessels. At 8.4 +/- 3.6 sec after administration of ICG dye into the cephalic vein, the choroidal arteries could be seen extending radially from the optic disc, then the choroidal veins became apparent at 10.2 +/- 4.1 sec, coursing alongside the choroidal arteries. Gradual fading of the choroidal vessels began 13.2 +/- 2.2 min after the dye was administered, and overall diffuse fluorescence of the fundus appeared. Diffuse fluorescence of the fundus continued after the choroidal vessels and optic disc faded at about 58.3 +/- 5.3 min from administration of the dye. In conclusion, ICG angiography provides clear resolution and is reliable and simple, thus offering promise as a diagnostic aid for clinical evaluation of the choroid in dogs. 相似文献