Efficacy of the immunoblot assay for cysticercosis in pigs and modulated expression of distinct IgM/IgG activities to Taenia solium antigens in experimental infections     

V C Tsang  J A Pilcher  W Zhou  A E Boyer  E I Kamango-Sollo  M L Rhoads  K D Murrell  P M Schantz  R H Gilman 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1991,29(1-2):69-78

A recently invented immunoblot assay for human cysticercosis was evaluated for efficacy in pigs. The test population consists of 45 pigs with parasitologically confirmed cysticercosis, 47 with heterologous infections, 45 SPF or concrete raised control animals. With this group of 137 animals the test performance was 100% sensitive and 100% specific. The antigen-specific responses of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG and IgM in four pigs infected with Taenia solium eggs derived from a human were quantified by immunoblot. Antigen-specific activities were observed as early as 1 week postinfection. The first antigen-specific isotypic response was IgM antibodies directed against a glycoprotein at 97 KD (GP97). This activity generally disappeared between the sixth and ninth week postinfection. Between Weeks 5 and 8, IgG activity rose as IgM activity fell. The IgG activity, however, was directed mostly towards GP50 and GP42 antigens. If the same response occurs in people with cysticercosis, identifying specific isotype activity may help to distinguish new infection from old.  相似文献   

Evaluation of an antigenic fraction of Taenia hydatigena metacestode cyst fluid for immunodiagnosis of bovine cysticercosis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

E I Kamanga-Sollo  M L Rhoads  K D Murrell 《American journal of veterinary research》1987,48(8):1206-1210

An antigenic fraction (ThFAS) isolated from Taenia hydatigena metacestode cyst fluid was used in an ELISA to detect antibodies to T saginata in experimentally and naturally infected cattle. In 10 calves given 1,000 to 100,000 T saginata eggs (20% to 60% viability), IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in all the calves by post-inoculation week 3. Immunoglobulin G antibody values remained increased until calves were slaughtered at post-inoculation weeks 13 to 26. Six naturally infected calves (determined by postmortem examination) were considered positive, using the ELISA. Shared antigens were demonstrated between ThFAS and T saginata and T crassiceps; there were no shared antigens between ThFAS and Haemonchus contortus or Fasciola hepatica. Specific lectin binding to ThFAS indicated the presence of glycoconjugates. Immunoblot analysis indicated that a low molecular weight polypeptide (10,000 Mr) bears the immunodiagnostic antigen.  相似文献   

STEROID HORMONE EXCRETION BY NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INDIVIDUALS     

Dobriner K  Gordon E  Rhoads CP  Lieberman S  Fieser LF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1942,95(2473):534-536

  相似文献   

Root mass as a determinant of com hybrid response to starter fertilizer     

F. M. Rhoads  D. L. Wright 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1743-1751

Many studies have shown variable response to starter or row applied fertilizer on corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids. Field experiments with approximately 25 hybrids over three seasons showed that some hybrids responded to row applied fertilizer with large growth and yield increases while others did not respond. The objectives of this study were to compare root and shoot growth of responsive and non‐responsive corn hybrids to starter fertilizer and their uptake of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Two glasshouse experiments were conducted with hybrids from the field studies found to be most and least responsive to row applied fertilizers. In the first experiment, P was applied at levels of 0,10,20, or 30 mg kg^‐1 and was mixed with either 25 or 100% of the total soil volume (1.5 L). Nitrogen was mixed with the total soil volume in all treatments at a rate of 100 mg pot^‐1. Phosphorus rates in the second experiment were 0, 30, or 60 mg kg^‐1 and the N rate was 200 mg pot^‐1. Fertilizer N and P were mixed with total soil volume or banded 5 cm below the soil surface and 5 cm away from seed. The soil was obtained from the A horizon of Norfolk loamy fine sand (fine loamy, siliceous, thermic, Typic Kandiudult). Time from seeding to harvest was 33 days for the first experiment and 41 days for the second. Root weight of the non‐responsive hybrid was 31 % higher in the first experiment and 48% higher in the second than of the responsive hybrid. Each hybrid responded similarly to starter P (62 to 78% increase in top growth). The responsive hybrid produced a significant (P 0.05) increase in top (92%) and root (76%) weight due to starter N, but the non‐responsive hybrid did not respond to N placement. The lack of response to starter N‐fertilizer was attributed to greater root growth in the non‐responsive hybrid because its top and root weight with broadcast N were about the same as those of the responsive hybrid with banded (starter) N. Since the hybrids differed only in response to starter N, a convenient method to classify corn hybrids with respect to starter fertilizer response is to measure top growth at six weeks after planting with banded versus broadcast N applied at planting.  相似文献   

COENZYME I AND RIBOFLAVIN CONTENT OF LIVERS OF RATS FED BUTTER YELLOW     

Kensler CJ  Suguira K  Rhoads CP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1940,91(2374):623-624

  相似文献   

Biomass production by two-year-old poplar clones on floodplain sites in the Lower Midwest, USA     

Stephen G. Pallardy  Daniel E. Gibbins  Julie L. Rhoads 《Agroforestry Systems》2003,59(1):21-26

Four Populus clones were grown for two years at 1×1 m spacing for study of total biomass production and carbon sequestration capacity on floodplain sites previously in forage grasses under climatic conditions of the lower Midwest, U.S.A. Total biomass (above-and below-ground) in the first year ranged from 3.9 Mg ha^–1 in a Populus deltoides x P. nigra clone (I45/51) to 1.9 Mg ha^–1 for a local-source Populus deltoides clone (2059). Second year total biomass production was substantially higher, ranging from 13.9 Mg ha^–1 in I45/51 to 7.4 Mg ha^–1 in P. deltoides clone 26C6R51. Second-year leaf area index (LAI) values for I45/51 plants reached 4 during mid-season, indicating essentially complete canopy closure in this clone by the second year after planting. In contrast, maximum mid-season, second-year LAI was significantly lower in P. deltoides clones ( 2.4). There was some evidence for differential allocation to roots and shoots among Populus clones, with 26C6R51 showing relatively more allocation to root biomass than other clones. Second-year growth in Populus deltoides clone 2059 accelerated substantially, and this genotype exhibited two-year biomass accumulation nearly equal to that of I45/51 despite having less leaf area. This result suggested a higher photosynthetic capacity or assimilation efficiency in the former. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Ruminant Nutrition Symposium: ruminant production and metabolic responses to heat stress     

Baumgard LH  Rhoads RP 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(6):1855-1865

Heat stress compromises efficient animal production by marginalizing nutrition, management, and genetic selection efforts to maximize performance endpoints. Modifying farm infrastructure has yielded modest success in mitigating heat stress-related losses, yet poor production during the summer remains arguably the costliest issue facing livestock producers. Reduced output (e.g., milk yield and muscle growth) during heat stress was traditionally thought to result from decreased nutrient intake (i.e., a classic biological response shared by all animals during environmental-induced hyperthermia). Our recent observations have begun to challenge this belief and indicate heat-stressed animals employ novel homeorhetic strategies to direct metabolic and fuel selection priorities independently of nutrient intake or energy balance. Alterations in systemic physiology support a shift in carbohydrate metabolism, evident by increased basal and stimulated circulating insulin concentrations. Perhaps most intriguing given the energetic shortfall of the heat-stressed animal is the apparent lack of basal adipose tissue mobilization coupled with a reduced responsiveness to lipolytic stimuli. Thus, the heat stress response markedly alters postabsorptive carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism independently of reduced feed intake through coordinated changes in fuel supply and utilization by multiple tissues. Interestingly, the systemic, cellular, and molecular changes appear conserved amongst different species and physiological states. Ultimately, these changes result in the reprioritization of fuel selection during heat stress, which appears to be primarily responsible for reduced ruminant animal productivity during the warm summer months.  相似文献   

Comparison of medical and surgical treatment for impaction of the small colon in horses: 84 cases (1986-1996)     

Rhoads WS  Barton MH  Parks AH 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1999,214(7):1042-1047

OBJECTIVE: To characterize clinical findings and compare effects of treatment and outcome for horses treated medically or surgically for impaction of the small colon. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 84 horses with impaction of the small colon. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed for history, physical examination findings, laboratory values, treatment, response to treatment, complications, out-come, and necropsy findings. RESULTS: 47 horses were treated medically and 37 horses were treated surgically. Significant differences between groups were not identified for duration of clinical signs, physical examination findings, or laboratory values. Horses treated surgically were hospitalized longer than horses treated medically. Complications recorded during hospitalization included diarrhea, jugular thrombophlebitis, recurrent colic, fever, and laminitis. Salmonella organisms were isolated from 20 horses. Horses treated surgically were more likely to have signs of moderate abdominal pain, gross abdominal distention, and positive results for culture of Salmonella spp than horses treated medically. Follow-up information was available for 27 horses treated medically and 23 horses treated surgically. Twenty-four (72%) and 21 (75%) of the horses, respectively, survived and were being used for their intended purpose at least 1 year after treatment. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Colitis may be a predisposing factor for impaction of the small colon in horses. Prognosis for horses treated surgically or medically is fair.  相似文献   

ABNORMAL ALPHA KETOSTEROID EXCRETION IN PATIENTS WITH NEOPLASTIC DISEASE     

Dobriner K  Rhoads CP  Lieberman S  Hill BR  Fieser LF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1944,99(2581):494-496

  相似文献   

Anaerobiosis and a theory of growth line formation     

Lutz RA  Rhoads DC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1977,198(4323):1222-1227

Microstructural growth increments within the shells of numerous Recent and fossil molluscs are interpreted as reflections of alternating periods of shell deposition and dissolution, occurring during aerobic and anaerobic respiration, respectively. The acidic end products of anaerobic metabolism are neutralized by calcium carbonate from the shell, leaving a relatively insoluble organic residue at the mantle-shell interface. With the return of oxygenated conditions and resumption of aerobic respiration, this organic material is reincorporated within the shell. Inasmuch as metabolic changes are often synchronized with lunar or solar cycles (or both), we are led to the nearly paradoxical conclusion that, as a result of shell destructive processes, a relatively complete and detailed record of both short- and long-term growth is often preserved within the molluscan exoskeleton. Analyses of relationships between ambient oxygen concentrations and shell structural types may eventually prove useful, in paleoecological studies, for determination of dissolved oxygen gradients in Phanerozoic marine environments.  相似文献