Acquired resistance triggered by elicitins in tobacco and other plants   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

Philippe Bonnet  Eva Bourdon  Michel Ponchet  Jean -Pierre Blein  Pierre Ricci 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(2):181-192

Elicitins are a family of proteins excreted byPhytophthora spp. They exhibit high sequence homology but large net charge differences. They induce necrosis in tobacco plants which then become resistant to the tobacco pathogenPhytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae. In stem-treated plants, resistance was not restricted to the site of elicitin application, but could be demonstrated by petiole inoculation at all levels on the stem. Resistance was already maximum after two days and lasted for at least two weeks. It was effective not only towardsP. p. var.nicotianae infection, but also against the unrelated pathogenSclerotinia sclerotiorum. In contrast to dichloroisonicotinic acid, an artificial inducer of systemic acquired resistance, which was increasingly effective with doses ranging from 0.25 to 5mole per plant, the basic elicitin cryptogein exhibited a threshold effect, inducing near total resistance and extensive leaf necrosis above 0.1 nmole per plant. Between 1 and 5 nmole, acidic elicitins (capsicein and parasiticein) protected tobacco plants with hardly any necrotic symptom. Elicitins exhibited similar effects in various tobacco cultivars andNicotiana species, although with quantitative differences, but induced neither necrosis nor protection in other SolanaceÆ (tomato, petunia and pepper). Among 24 additional species tested belonging to 18 botanical families, only some BrassicaceÆ, noticeably rape, exhibited symptoms in response to elicitins, in a cultivar-specific manner. Elicitins appear to be natural specific triggers for systemic acquired resistance and provide a tool for unraveling the mechanisms leading to its establishment.Abbreviations AR acquired resistance - HR hypersensitive response - INA 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid - Ppn Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae - SAR systemic acquired resistance  相似文献   

Prediction of chemical composition and peroxide value in unground pet foods by near‐infrared spectroscopy          下载免费PDF全文

M. De Marchi  F. Righi  M. Meneghesso  D. Manfrin  R. Ricci 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):337-342

The massive development of the pet food industry in recent years has lead to the formulation of hundreds of canine and feline complete extruded foods with the objective of meeting both the needs of the animals and numerous demands from pet owners. In the meantime, highly variable raw material compositions and the industry's new production techniques oblige manufacturers to monitor all phases of the extrusion process closely in order to ensure the targeted composition and quality of the products. This study aimed at evaluating the potential of infrared technology (visible and near‐infrared spectrophotometer; 570–1842 nm) in predicting the chemical composition and peroxide value (PV) of unground commercial extruded dog foods. Six hundred and forty‐nine commercial extruded dog foods were collected. For each product, an unground aliquot was analysed by infrared instrument while a second aliquot was sent to a laboratory for proximate analysis and PV quantification. The wide range of extruded dog food typologies included in the study was responsible for the wide variability observed within each nutritional trait, especially crude fibre and ash. The mean value of the 208 pet foods sampled for PV quantification was 17.49 mEq O₂/kg fat (min 2.2 and max 94.10 mEq O₂/kg fat). The coefficients of determination in cross‐validation of NIRS prediction models were 0.77, 0.97, 0.83, 0.86, 0.78 and 0.94 for moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) respectively. PV prediction was less precise, as demonstrated by the coefficient of determination in cross‐validation (0.66). The results demonstrated the potential of NIRS in predicting chemical composition in unground samples, with lower accuracy for moisture and ash, while PV prediction models suggest use for screening purposes only.  相似文献   

SxtA and sxtG Gene Expression and Toxin Production in the Mediterranean Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae)     

Federico Perini  Luca Galluzzi  Carmela Dell’Aversano  Emma Dello Iacovo  Luciana Tartaglione  Fabio Ricci  Martino Forino  Patrizia Ciminiello  Antonella Penna 《Marine drugs》2014,12(10):5258-5276

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PAMELA measurements of cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra     

Adriani O  Barbarino GC  Bazilevskaya GA  Bellotti R  Boezio M  Bogomolov EA  Bonechi L  Bongi M  Bonvicini V  Borisov S  Bottai S  Bruno A  Cafagna F  Campana D  Carbone R  Carlson P  Casolino M  Castellini G  Consiglio L  De Pascale MP  De Santis C  De Simone N  Di Felice V  Galper AM  Gillard W  Grishantseva L  Jerse G  Karelin AV  Koldashov SV  Krutkov SY  Kvashnin AN  Leonov A  Malakhov V  Malvezzi V  Marcelli L  Mayorov AG  Menn W  Mikhailov VV  Mocchiutti E  Monaco A  Mori N  Nikonov N  Osteria G  Palma F  Papini P  Pearce M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6025):69-72

Protons and helium nuclei are the most abundant components of the cosmic radiation. Precise measurements of their fluxes are needed to understand the acceleration and subsequent propagation of cosmic rays in our Galaxy. We report precision measurements of the proton and helium spectra in the rigidity range 1 gigavolt to 1.2 teravolts performed by the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA (payload for antimatter matter exploration and light-nuclei astrophysics). We find that the spectral shapes of these two species are different and cannot be described well by a single power law. These data challenge the current paradigm of cosmic-ray acceleration in supernova remnants followed by diffusive propagation in the Galaxy. More complex processes of acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays are required to explain the spectral structures observed in our data.  相似文献   

Fatty acid pattern, oxidation product development, and antioxidant loss in muscle tissue of rainbow trout and Dicentrarchus labrax during growth     

Passi S  Ricci R  Cataudella S  Ferrante I  De Simone F  Rastrelli L 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(9):2587-2592

The levels of hydrophilic, lipophilic, and enzymatic antioxidants, the oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, and the fatty acid patterns of triglyceride and phospholipid fractions were assayed in fresh muscle tissue of rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and sea basses (Dicentrarchus labrax) during aging, to investigate the correlation between oxidative stress and aging processes in fish. The present studies suggests that lipid peroxidation and accumulation of oxidized proteins during in vivo aging are most likely to be linked with an age-dependent decline of lipophilic antioxidants (CoQH(2), CoQ, and vitamin E) and vitamin C contents in muscle tissue, whereas fish aging is not linked to a decline in antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione levels. Lipophilic antioxidant and vitamin C levels represent a reliable marker of oxidative stress during aging, and their determination might be useful for the assessment of fish age.  相似文献   

Effects of the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)phosphorothioic triamide in low concentrations on ammonia volatilization and evolution of mineral nitrogen     

L. Vittori Antisari  C. Marzadori  P. Gioacchini  S. Ricci  C. Gessa 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,22(3):196-201

Laboratory incubation experiments were conducted to study the influence of increasing concentrations of N-(n-butyl)phosphorothioic triamide (NBPT) on NH₃ volatilization and rate of urea hydrolysis and evolution of mineral N in Ozzano, Rimini and Carpi soils with different physicochemical characteristics. Low concentrations of NBPT reduced NH₃ losses due to volatilization after urea fertilization and the effectiveness of the inhibitor was related to the soil characteristics (e.g. high concentrations of organic C and sand). After 15 days of incubation, no significant reductions of losses were found for any of the NBPT concentrations employed in Rimini soil. The application of NBPT led to a considerable reduction of the formation of nitrite. This process was completely annulled with the highest dose of NBPT (0.5% w/w_urea) in the Carpi soil after 15 days. In Rimini soil, however, the use of NBPT was less effective in influencing nitrite formation. The use of NBPT favoured accumulation of nitrate proportional to the NBPT concentration employed while it had no influence on the NH _inf4 ^sup+ fixation by 2:1 layer silicates. The data obtained support previous evidence that NBPT is effective in reducing the problems encountered in using urea as fertilizer. However, environmental conditions and soil physicochemical characteristics may have an important influence on the effectiveness of NBPT.  相似文献   

Chromatographie des dérivés cinnamiques du vin     

J. Masquelier  R. Ricci 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1964,11(2-4):244-248

Résumé Les auteurs décrivent une méthode bi-dimensionnelle de chromatographie sur papier pour l'identification d'acide caféique, d'acide férulique, d'acide chlorogénique, d'acide para-cumarylquinique et d'acide féruloquinique dans le vin.Une détermination approximative d'acide chlorogénique et d'acide caféique a été réalisée. Ces agents rendent au vin des propriétés biologiques intéressantes, concernant son activité cholérétique et hypocholéstérolique, s'opposant à une surcharge de l'organisme en choléstérol.

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Summary By two-dimensional paper chromatography the authors have shown the presence in wine of caffeic, ferulic, chlorogenic, paracoumarylquinic and feruloylquinic acids. An approximate quantitative determination of chlorogenic and caffeic acids has been attempted. These components confer to the wine various interesting biological properties, related to their choleretic and hypocholesterolemient activity.

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Zusammenfassung Mittels bi-dimensionneller Papierchromatographie haben die Autoren im Wein die Anwesenheit von Kaffee-, Ferula-, Chlorogen-, Paracumarulchinin-, und Feruloylchininsäure dargelegt. Eine annähernde quantitative Bestimmung von Chlorogen- und Kaffeesäure wurde unternommen. Diese Bestandteile verschaffen dem Wein verschiedene interressante biologische Eigenschaften, in Verbindung mit ihrer choleretischen und hypocholesterierenden Aktivität.

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Phage types, ribotypes and tetracycline resistance genes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains isolated from different origins in Italy     

Pasquali F  De Cesare A  Ricci A  Kehrenberg C  Schwarz S  Manfreda G 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,103(1-2):71-76

The tetracycline resistance (tet) gene patterns of 52 tetracycline resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (S.) serovar Typhimurium isolates collected from animals, food of animal origin, and humans in Italy, were investigated to evaluate whether the tet gene patterns could be used for strain differentiation in addition to phage typing and ribotyping. The detection of tet genes was performed by specific PCR assays. Ribotyping was performed automatically using PvuII as restriction enzyme. Ten different ribotyping patterns were detected. All isolates were positive for at least one of the tet genes studied and six different tet gene patterns were observed. Ribotyping and tet gene patterns showed discriminatory indices of 0.741 and 0.812, respectively. Multiple tet genes were commonly found among tetracycline resistant S. typhimurium isolates from various sources. The resulting tet gene patterns allowed further discrimination of strains which were otherwise indistinguishable by their phage type, ribotype and origin. Thus, the analysis of tet gene patterns might represent an additional tool for the differentiation of S. typhimurium isolates.  相似文献   

Survey of travel-related problems in dogs     

Mariti C  Ricci E  Mengoli M  Zilocchi M  Sighieri C  Gazzano A 《The Veterinary record》2012,170(21):542

The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the kind of transport dogs undergo, the behaviours displayed during transport, the prevalence of travel-related problems in dogs and owners' interventions to solve these problems. A convenience sample of 907 dog owners completed a questionnaire containing 16 multiple-choice questions. All dogs had been transported by car at least once, but 4.7 per cent were no longer transported. 76.2 per cent of animals always responded positively to car transport, the rest showing or having shown problems (6.7 per cent always reacted negatively). Dogs were found to be more excited than inhibited during car transport. The vast majority (86.0 per cent) had become used to travelling by car as puppies; this made them less likely to develop problems (6.3 per cent v 24.1 per cent; χ(2)=19.886, P=0.000). If dogs were transported only to veterinary clinics, they were more prone to respond negatively to car transport (46.4 per cent v 22.7 per cent; χ(2)=7.245, P=0.007). For dogs reported as problematic (23.8 per cent of the sample), 96.3 per cent of the owners did not administer any treatments or other substances, 48.7 per cent did not seek any advice, and 40.4 per cent of them made attempts to solve the problem by themselves.  相似文献   

Analysis of intraspecific attachment in dogs (Canis familiaris): preliminary results     

C. Mariti  B. Carlone  E. Ricci  E. Votta  C. Sighieri  A. Gazzano 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2013,8(4):e32-e33

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