Comparative effect of advanced soy products or corn protein concentrate with porcine meal on growth,body composition,and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano,Trachinotus carolinus     

Romi Novriadi  Elizabeth Spangler  D. Allen Davis 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(2):433-447

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of diets containing advanced soy products (enzyme‐treated soy and fermented soy) or corn protein concentrate (CPC) in combination with porcine meal (PM) to completely replace poultry byproduct meal (PBM) on growth performance, body composition, and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus. Four experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isolipidic, to contain 400 g/kg crude protein and 80 g/kg lipid. A reference diet (PBM diet [PBMD]) contained 150 g/kg PBM and 495 g/kg soybean meal (SBM), and three test diets were formulated replacing PBM with 15 g/kg of CPC (CPC diet [CPCD]) or replacing all SBM and PBM with 535 g/kg fermented soy (fermented soybean meal diet [FSBMD]) or 451.3 g/kg enzyme‐treated soy (enzyme‐treated soybean meal diet [ESBMD]). All three test diets were supplemented with 38 g/kg of PM. Diets were fed based on a percentage of bodyweight adjusted after sampling the fish every 2 weeks to triplicate groups of Florida pompano juveniles (mean weight 8.06 ± 0.22 g). After 8 weeks of feeding, fish fed CPCD and ESBMD performed equally well in terms of final body weight, thermal growth coefficient, and percentage weight gain in comparison to fish fed PBMD. In all cases, feeding FSBMD resulted in poor feed conversion and lower feed intake compared to other treatments. Protein retention efficiency, whole‐body proximate composition, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and zinc contents were not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. The results obtained in the present histological study showed no significant differences in the thickness of serous layer, muscular layer, and submucosal layer of the intestine among treatments. Fish fed CPCD showed a significant widening of the lamina propria with an increase of cellular infiltration and higher presence of goblet cells compared to other dietary treatment. Based on these results, 451 g/kg ESBM or combination of 150 g/kg of CPC and 495 g/kg SBM supplemented with 38 g/kg PM can be utilized to develop a practical diet for juvenile Florida pompano without impacting growth, nutritive parameters, and several distal intestine health parameters.  相似文献   

Sternal recumbency or suspension by the hind legs immediately after delivery improves respiratory and metabolic adaptation to extra uterine life in newborn calves delivered by caesarean section     

Uystepruyst C  Coghe J  Dorts T  Harmegnies N  Delsemme MH  Art T  Lekeux P 《Veterinary research》2002,33(6):709-724

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of body positioning immediately after delivery on respiratory and metabolic adaptation to extra-uterine life in newborn calves. One hundred and one Belgian White and Blue calves were delivered at term by an elective caesarean section and were assigned into three categories according to the body position imposed immediately after umbilical cord rupture: 71 calves were placed in lateral recumbency; 16 calves were placed in sternal recumbency and 14 calves were suspended by the hind legs for less than 90 seconds (75 +/- 5 s). Following this initial body position, the calves were allowed to move without restraint. They were examined at birth, 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes, and 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after birth by the following measurements: physical examination, heart rate, arterial blood gas analysis, pulmonary function tests using the esophageal balloon catheter technique, arterial and venous blood acid-base balance analysis, rectal temperature, jugular venous blood sampling for the determination of blood glucose, plasma lactate and serum cortisol concentrations, haematologic variables and passive immune transfer variables. Body positioning immediately after delivery clearly influenced respiratory and metabolic adaptation to extra-uterine life in term calves delivered by an elective caesarean section. Systematic sternal recumbency and suspension by the hind legs for less than 90 seconds immediately after umbilical cord rupture had a positive functional impact on postnatal pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange and on postnatal correction of mixed acidosis present at birth, contributing in turn to an enhanced passive immune transfer. These two body positions should be encouraged to improve adaptation at birth in healthy term calves delivered by an elective caesarean section. Evaluation of possible side-effects is required before application in severely asphyxiated calves.  相似文献   

Endometrial Adenocarcinoma and Mucometra in a 6-year-old Alaska Malamute Dog     

FJ Pena  JA Gines  J Duque  V Vieitez  R Martinez –Pérez  L Madejón  I Nuñez Martinez  JM Moran  S Fernández-García 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(2):189-190

A 6-year-old female Alaska Malamute dog was presented for evaluation of abdominal enlargement referred by a local veterinarian. On the history, the owner complained of chronic abdominal enlargement initiated more than 4 months ago, reduced appetite, occasional vomiting and general dullness. He also complained of greenish mucous intermittent vaginal discharge starting 10 days ago. The bitch was chronically treated with medroxiprogesterone acetate. A laparatomy was performed and fluid in the abdomen was found and aspirated during the surgery. Also a very fluid-filled distended uterus and a mass in the distal part of the left uterine horn were found. The mass was encapsulated by the omentum, but areas of necrosis and calcification were identified. Histopathological diagnosis was endometrial adenocarcinoma.  相似文献   

Do trees use reserve or newly assimilated carbon for their defense reactions? A 13C labeling approach with young Scots pines inoculated with a bark-beetle-associated fungus (Ophiostoma brunneo ciliatum)     

Natacha Guérard  Pascale Maillard  Claude Bréchet  François Lieutier  Erwin Dreyer 《Annals of Forest Science》2007,64(6):601-608

Three-year-old saplings of Pinus sylvestris L. were labeled with ¹³CO₂ prior to inoculating the trunk with Ophiostoma brunneo ciliatum, a blue-staining fungus usually associated to Ips sexdentatus. During incubation, half the trees were submitted to a severe drought that decreased photosynthesis and natural ¹³C content in non-labeled saplings. A large ¹³C-excess was obtained in wood and phloem, especially in the fractions of soluble proteins, starch and soluble sugars of labeled saplings. Drought increased ¹³C-excess, due to reduced photosynthesis and smaller dilution of ¹³C by the addition of newly assimilated ¹²C. The induced-reaction zones in inoculated saplings displayed large total C (58 g 100 g^?1) because of the accumulation of secondary metabolites. They also showed much larger ¹³C-excess than any other compartment: the contribution of stored C to the reaction zones was much higher than that of currently assimilated C. Moreover, drought lowered the contribution of the latter, as shown by the increase of ¹³C in the reaction zones. We conclude that stored C was readily mobilized for the construction of reaction tissues, and that the contribution of currently assimilated C was only minor.  相似文献   

Determination of tetracycline antibiotic residues in edible swine tissues by liquid chromatography with spectrofluorometric detection and confirmation by mass spectrometry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pena A  Lino CM  Alonso R  Barceló D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(13):4973-4979

A sensitive and specific method is described for the simultaneous determination of oxytetracycline, tetracycline (TC), and chlortetracycline residues in edible swine tissues, by combining liquid chromatography with spectrofluorometric and mass spectrometry detection. The procedure involved a preliminary extraction with EDTA-McIlvaine buffer acidified at pH 4.0, followed by solid-phase extraction cleanup using a polymeric sorbent. The liquid chromatography analysis was performed with spectrofluorometric detection after postcolumn derivatization with magnesium ions. The limits of quantification were 50 microg/kg for muscle and 100 microg/kg for kidney tissues. The recovery values were greater than 77.8% for muscle and 65.1% for kidney. The method has been successfully used for the quantification of tetracyclines in swine tissues samples. The selective liquid chromatography mass spectrometric analysis for confirmation of oxytetracycline in one positive swine muscle sample was made by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). The APCI mass spectra of the TCs gave the protonated molecular ion and two typical fragment ions, required for their confirmation in single ion monitoring scan mode in animal tissues.  相似文献   

Grow-out of sandfish Holothuria scabra in ponds shows that co-culture with shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris is not viable     

Johann D. Bell  Natacha N. Agudo  Pascal Blazer  Dominique Pham 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,273(4):509-519

We examined the potential for producing the large numbers of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) needed for restocking programmes by co-culturing juveniles with the shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris in earthen ponds. Our experiments in hapas within shrimp ponds were designed to detect any deleterious effects of sandfish on shrimp, and vice versa. These experiments showed that a high stocking density of juvenile sandfish had no significant effects on growth and survival of shrimp. However, survival and growth of sandfish reared with shrimp for 3 weeks were significantly lower than for sandfish reared alone. Increased stocking density of shrimp also had a significant negative effect on survival and/or growth of sandfish. A grow-out trial of juvenile sandfish in 0.2-ha earthen ponds stocked with 20 shrimp post-larvae m^− 2, and densities of sandfish between 0.8 and 1.6 individuals m^− 2, confirmed that co-culture is not viable. All sandfish reared in co-culture were dead or moribund after a month. However, sandfish stocked alone into 0.2-ha earthen ponds survived well and grew to mean weights of ∼ 400 g within 12 months without addition of food. The grow-out trial demonstrated that there is potential for profitable pond farming of sandfish in monoculture. Further research is now needed to identify the optimal size of juveniles, stocking densities and pond management regimes.  相似文献   

Viability of Extended Goat Semen Stored at Refrigerated Condition     

Flocerfida Pagador Aquino  Krystel Grace Vergara  Lerma Cajuigan Ocampo  Eufrocina dela Pena Atabay 《农业科学与技术》2014,(2):169-176

Due to the small volume of goat semen ejaculate, just a few doses of goat semen were produced when the sperm concentration is 100 × 10^/mL. The study was aimed to determine the viability of extended goat semen at refrigerated condition at 5 ℃ using varying sperm concentrations and evaluated if sperm concentration lower than 100 × 10^6/mL would affect the motility, viability and sperm morphology at refrigerated condition. Using an artificial vagina, ejaculated goat semen was collected from goat semen donor aged 1.5 year. Physical evaluation of the collected semen showed an average volume of 0.54 mL, mean pH of 6.8 and a milky white color with thick consistency indicative of high concentration. Fresh goat semen had an initial average of 76% with an average initial sperm concentration of 128 × 10^/mL. The semen was divided into four treatments： sperm concentration of 100× 10^/mL, 75 × 10^/mL, 50 × 10^/mL and 25 × 10^/mL, and were stored at 5 ℃ for a period of 10 d. The semen evaluation was performed for each of the four treatments every other day. Results showed that the sperm concentration of spermatozoa affected the duration of storage based on the sperm motility percentage, viability and morphology of spermatozoa. The extended goat semen with sperm concentration of 25 and 50 million sperm/mL is optimal for storage within 6 d that gave satisfactory percentage motile, viable and morphologically normal spermatozoa.  相似文献   

Dealing with the variability in biofumigation efficacy through an epidemiological framework     

Natacha Motisi  Thierry Doré  Françoise Montfort 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(12):2044-2057

Biofumigation, as originally defined, is the use, in agriculture, of the toxicity of Brassica crop residues to control soilborne plant pathogens. This toxicity is specifically attributed to the release of toxic isothiocyanates, through the hydrolysis of glucosinolates present in the crop residues. This technique is considered a possible alternative to the use of pesticides, but field studies have generated conflicting data concerning the efficacy of biofumigation at field scale, limiting the use of this technique. Analytical studies based on a systematic approach involving evaluation of the potential effects of isothiocyanates can be used to address this problem in a rigorous manner. However, many recent studies have indicated that the mechanisms underlying biofumigation are much more complex than a simple toxic effect of residues. In this review, we dissect and discuss the problems encountered when trying to understand the variability in biofumigation efficacy and propose an integrative epidemiological approach to overcome these problems. This approach involves separating the effects of the different parameters of the system, such as the effects of different management phases of the biofumigant crop (i.e. the period of biofumigant crop growth and the phase during which crop residues are pulverised and incorporated into the soil) on the epidemiological mechanisms driving the development of an epidemic (density of primary inoculum and dynamics of disease progression). Finally, we propose new avenues of research into biofumigation in which the use of epidemiological tools and methods may improve our understanding of the factors underlying variation in the efficacy of biofumigant crops.  相似文献   

Phosphorus-use efficiency of kale genotypes from coastal Croatia     

Branimir Urlić  Gvozden Dumičić  Smiljana Goreta Ban  Marija Romić 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(3):389-398

Understanding the mechanisms of phosphorus (P)-use efficiency (PUE) may contribute to enhancing crop P nutrition because species growth variability at low-P is well known. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the response of kale genotypes to different P supply in randomized block design in three replications. Low-P supply led to a decrease in most parameters, whereas an increase was recorded in root growth parameters. Genotypes differed in shoot dry weight (DW), leaf area, root length and area, and shoot and root P content and concentration. Root traits significantly positively correlated with PUE. Genotypes Red Russian (RR) and IJK 17 were superior in terms of shoot DW production at low P supply, and had the highest uptake efficiency. Genotypes IJK 17 and 81 had the highest P utilization efficiency, while Vates blue curled (VBC) showed the lowest PUE. Genotypes had similar shoot P content and concentration at low P supply, but large PUE differences, implying the importance of P utilization efficiency.  相似文献   

Effects of Seminal Plasma on the Number of Accessory Sperm Cells and Fertilization in Gilts     

D. Rath  K.F. Weitze  C.E. Pena Alfaro  J.C. Andrade Moura 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1989,24(3):123-127

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