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BACKGROUND: The present study investigated the effect of chitosan seed priming on the induction of disease resistance in pearl millet against downy mildew disease caused by Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet. RESULTS: Pearl millet seeds were primed with chitosan at different concentrations: 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3 g kg?1 seed. Of the different concentrations, 2.5 g kg?1 was found to be optimum, with enhanced seed germination of 99% and seedling vigour of 1782, whereas the untreated control recorded values of 87% and 1465 respectively. At optimum concentration, chitosan did not inhibit sporulation and release of zoospores from sporangia. Furthermore, pearl millet seedlings raised after seed treatment with chitosan showed an increased level of the defence‐related enzymes chitosanase and peroxidase as compared with the untreated pearl millet seedlings on downy mildew pathogen inoculation. The effect of chitosan in reducing downy mildew incidence was evaluated in both greenhouse and field conditions, in which respectively 79.08 and 75.8% disease protection was obtained. CONCLUSION: Chitosan was effective in protecting pearl millet plants against downy mildew under both greenhouse and field conditions by inducing resistance against the pathogen. Thus, chitosan formulation can be recommended for seed treatment in the management of downy mildew disease. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Umeshappa CS Singh KP Ahmed KA Pandey AB Nanjundappa RH 《Research in veterinary science》2011,90(2):212-214
Bluetongue (BT), a serious disease of sheep and some wild ruminants, is caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of the family, Reoviridae. The current research thrust for controlling BT is on development of efficient vaccines, necessitating clear understanding of ovine immunology. At present, comparative studies on cytokine gene expression profiles of na?ve and BTV-sensitized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in sheep have not been clearly understood. In the present study, PBMC from na?ve and BEI-inactivated-saponin-adjuvanted BTV-1 vaccinated sheep were stimulated in vitro with heterologous BTV-23. At various intervals, RT-qPCR was carried out to estimate cytokine (interferon-gamma, interleukin-12 and interleukin-2) mRNA expressions that are linked to cell-mediated immunity. The results showed that PBMC cytokine profiles were relatively increased both temporally and quantitatively in immunized sheep PBMC compared to na?ve ones, suggesting that BTV-1 vaccination may prime immune system that can cross-react with BTV-23 antigens. 相似文献
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Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa Karam Pal Singh Khawaja Ashfaque Ahmed Roopa Hebbandi Nanjundappa 《Research in veterinary science》2011,90(2):212-238
Bluetongue (BT), a serious disease of sheep and some wild ruminants, is caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of the family, Reoviridae. The current research thrust for controlling BT is on development of efficient vaccines, necessitating clear understanding of ovine immunology. At present, comparative studies on cytokine gene expression profiles of naïve and BTV-sensitized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in sheep have not been clearly understood. In the present study, PBMC from naïve and BEI-inactivated-saponin-adjuvanted BTV-1 vaccinated sheep were stimulated in vitro with heterologous BTV-23. At various intervals, RT-qPCR was carried out to estimate cytokine (interferon-gamma, interleukin-12 and interleukin-2) mRNA expressions that are linked to cell-mediated immunity. The results showed that PBMC cytokine profiles were relatively increased both temporally and quantitatively in immunized sheep PBMC compared to naïve ones, suggesting that BTV-1 vaccination may prime immune system that can cross-react with BTV-23 antigens. 相似文献
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Umeshappa CS Singh KP Channappanavar R Sharma K Nanjundappa RH Saxena M Singh R Sharma AK 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,141(3-4):230-238
The pathogenesis of bluetongue (BT) could vary with route of inoculation. Using laboratory-passaged moderately virulent bluetongue virus serotype 23 (BTV-23), one of the most prevalent Indian serotype, we investigated the pathogenesis of BT in intradermally (ID) and intravenously (IV) inoculated native sheep. The ID inoculation resulted in relatively increased clinical signs and lesions in many organs as compared to IV inoculation. BTV-23 detection by real-time RT-PCR and isolation studies revealed that ID inoculation can be more efficient than IV ones in disseminating and spreading virus to systemic organs, including pre-scapular draining lymph node, spleen, lungs and pulmonary artery. Furthermore, the ID inoculation resulted in early onset and increased humoral response with significant increase (P<0.01) in antibody titre at various intervals. Taken together, these data suggest that ID inoculation can be more potent in reproducing many aspects of natural infection, including clinical disease, viral and immune responses, and may be useful route in setting up experimental infections for challenge or pathogenesis studies using laboratory passaged BTVs. 相似文献
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Amrit Kumar Nayak Anilkumar C Sasmita Behera Rameswar Prasad Sah Gera Roopa Lavanya Awadhesh Kumar Lambodar Behera Muhammed Azharudheen Tp 《水稻科学》2022,29(5):462-472
Grain size plays a significant role in rice, starting from affecting yield to consumer preference, which is the driving force for deep investigation and improvement of grain size characters. Quantitative inheritance makes these traits complex to breed on account of several alleles contributing to the complete trait expression. We employed genome-wide association study in an association panel of 88 rice genotypes using 142 new candidate gene based SSR (cgSSR) markers, derived from yield-related candidate genes, with the efficient mixed-model association coupled mixed linear model for dissecting complete genetic control of grain size traits. A total of 10 significant associations were identified for four grain size-related characters (grain weight, grain length, grain width, and length-width ratio). Among the identified associations, seven marker trait associations explain more than 10% of the phenotypic variation, indicating major putative QTLs for respective traits. The allelic variations at genes OsBC1L4, SHO1 and OsD2 showed association between 1000-grain weight and grain width, 1000-grain weight and grain length, and grain width and length-width ratio, respectively. The cgSSR markers, associated with corresponding traits, can be utilized for direct allelic selection, while other significantly associated cgSSRs may be utilized for allelic accumulation in the breeding programs or grain size improvement. The new cgSSR markers associated with grain size related characters have a significant impact on practical plant breeding to increase the number of causative alleles for these traits through marker aided rice breeding programs. 相似文献
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