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1.
Zdobnov EM von Mering C Letunic I Torrents D Suyama M Copley RR Christophides GK Thomasova D Holt RA Subramanian GM Mueller HM Dimopoulos G Law JH Wells MA Birney E Charlab R Halpern AL Kokoza E Kraft CL Lai Z Lewis S Louis C Barillas-Mury C Nusskern D Rubin GM Salzberg SL Sutton GG Topalis P Wides R Wincker P Yandell M Collins FH Ribeiro J Gelbart WM Kafatos FC Bork P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5591):149-159
Comparison of the genomes and proteomes of the two diptera Anopheles gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster, which diverged about 250 million years ago, reveals considerable similarities. However, numerous differences are also observed; some of these must reflect the selection and subsequent adaptation associated with different ecologies and life strategies. Almost half of the genes in both genomes are interpreted as orthologs and show an average sequence identity of about 56%, which is slightly lower than that observed between the orthologs of the pufferfish and human (diverged about 450 million years ago). This indicates that these two insects diverged considerably faster than vertebrates. Aligned sequences reveal that orthologous genes have retained only half of their intron/exon structure, indicating that intron gains or losses have occurred at a rate of about one per gene per 125 million years. Chromosomal arms exhibit significant remnants of homology between the two species, although only 34% of the genes colocalize in small "microsyntenic" clusters, and major interarm transfers as well as intra-arm shuffling of gene order are detected. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a technique for preservation of organoleptic tissue characteristics (color, odor, texture, and flexibility) in cadavers used for surgical instruction. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMALS: Forty-three canine cadavers. METHODS: Cadavers were preserved with a modified Larssen solution of the Hospital Cochim, Paris and cryopreservation. Tissue handling qualities were evaluated in surgical laboratory sessions. RESULTS: All cadavers kept texture and tissues consistency, especially skin and muscle, similar to those of live animals. Some skin desquamation and pallor of the mucous membranes occurred with repetitive freeze-thaw cycles. CONCLUSIONS: This preservation technique provides acceptable cadaver quality and tissue handling for use in surgical instruction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Preparation of patient cadavers by intravascular injection of modified Larssen solution yielded suitable instructional models for surgical training. 相似文献
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G. Romito C. Guglielmini M.O. Mazzarella M. Cipone A. Diana B. Contiero M. Baron Toaldo 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2018,20(5):364-375
Objectives
To assess the ability of electrocardiography (ECG) to predict left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in the cat and to investigate the prognostic value of selected ECG variables in cats with LVH.Animals
Fifty-seven privately owned cats: 22 clinically healthy cats and 35 cats with LVH.Material and methods
This is a clinical cohort study. Echocardiographic diagnosis and surface ECG were available. Electrocardiography analysis included rhythm diagnosis and specific electrocardiographic measurements. In cats with LVH, cause of death and outcome data were recorded and analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves.Results
The presence of arrhythmia had sensitivity and specificity of 31% and 100%, respectively, for identifying LVH. Among ECG measurements, duration of QT interval (QT) and QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) was statistically different between healthy cats and cats with LVH (p = 0.007). Overall, the most accurate cutoffs to identify LVH were QT > 170 ms (sensitivity and specificity 48.3% and 91%, respectively) and QTc > 188 ms (sensitivity and specificity 62% and 77%, respectively). In healthy cats, the highest QT and QTc values were 180 ms and 200 ms, respectively. Mean survival time was 58 days and indeterminable for cats with QT > 180 ms and QT ≤ 180 ms, respectively (p = 0.042) and 125 days and indeterminable for cats with QTc > 200 ms and QTc ≤ 200 ms, respectively (p = 0.017).Conclusions
Arrhythmias as well as prolonged QT and QTc are useful ECG parameters in identifying LVH and predicting survival in affected cats. 相似文献4.
de Souza LP Lelis RT Granja IR Damatta RA Santos Cde P 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,189(2-4):387-389
Anthelmintic resistance has emerged globally as a problem amongst nematode of livestock and has been particularly well documented in equine and small ruminants. There are no studies regarding the efficacy of anthelmintics against the hematophagous nematodes in ostriches, Libyostrongylus dentatus; and just a few on L. douglassii. Here the efficacy of albendazole, ivermectin and moxidectin were evaluated against these two species in an ostrich farm in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The feces were collected on the day of treatment and after 13days of an oral dose of albendazole (6mg/kg), or an injected dose (0.2mg/kg) of ivermectin or moxidectin. The fecal egg count reduction test and coprocultures were performed to determine possible resistance against the drugs used. An efficacy of 60% was found for ivermectin, while albendazole and moxidectin were 100% effective. Both worm species appeared to have reduced sensitivity to ivermectin. 相似文献
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Plant parasitic nematodes are important plant pests which are difficult to identify and quantify. Serologically based techniques offer new ways to identify and quantify these parasites. Several factors need to be considered when developing an immunoassay for plant parasitic nematodes, including the application of the assay and the extraction procedure which together determine the likely organisms with which antibodies may cross-react. The four major factors: taxon specificity, nematode stage specificity, antibody specificity, and the level of management which is possible, need to be addressed interdependently and the best possible compromise made to develop a practical assay. Progress has been made in the immuno-diagnosis and quantification of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera spp) and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp) and these two groups of nematodes present different problems and therefore different challenges. The research reported here compares and contrasts work on these two groups of nematodes and highlights some of the important factors to be considered in the development of immunoassays for plant parasitic nematodes. 相似文献
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Rosane da Silva Dias Monica Ferreira de Abreu Antonio Paz González 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):57-71
Interlaboratory comparison programs have been found to be useful to investigate potential error sources and therefore to remove or minimize their effects. A proficiency test was performed for five soil micronutrients [boron (B), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)] by forty-nine independent Brazilian laboratories on four duplicated soil samples. Extraction of B was performed by hot water, whereas Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were extracted by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). The objectives were to compare the performance of different statistical methods for assessing between-laboratory variability (reproducibility) and to quantify the variability within single laboratories (repeatability). The statistical methods employed to compare interlaboratory analytical results were (1) Agronomic Institute method (mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation), (2) Z1 score (mean and standard deviation, including outliers), (3) Z2 score (mean and standard deviation, excluding outliers), (4) robust Z score (median and standardized interquartile amplitude) denoted as Z3, (5) Cochran test, and (6) Cochran + Grubbs tests. In addition, the robust Z-score method, denoted as Z4, was used to assess intralaboratory variability. The performance of any laboratory for the analysis of soil micronutrients varied depending on the statistical method applied. The percentage of laboratories providing satisfactory results was 79 percent (Agronomic Institute), 95 percent (Z1), 92 percent (Z2), 89 percent (robust Z3 score), 97 percent (Cochran), and 95 percent (Cochran + Grubbs). The Z-score tests become stronger and more rigorous when outliers were excluded (Z2) or when the standardized interquartile amplitude was used (Z3). Cochran and Grubbs tests, which are based on the removal of extreme values, were weaker than the other tests evaluated. In conclusion, the method employed by the proficiency test of the Agronomic Institute for removing outliers has been found to be the strongest and strictest one, yielding a reliable comparison of the results from soil micronutrient analyses. 相似文献
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Paulo Cesar Pazdiora Rosane Lopes Crizel Keilor da Rosa Dorneles Sabrina Monks da Silva Thomas Natali Morello Fabio Clasen Chaves Leandro José Dallagnol 《Plant pathology》2023,72(1):53-66
A three-year field experiment with two wheat cultivars evaluated the effect of soil-applied silicon (Si), with and without fungicide spraying, on Fusarium head blight (FHB) control. Silicon treatment alone reduced FHB severity and the percentage of damaged wheat kernels, regardless of the cultivar. The best disease control was obtained for the cultivar with moderate disease resistance (MR), supplied with silicon and treated with fungicide during flowering. Silicon treatment alone promoted an increase in deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration in the disease-susceptible cultivar; however, in the MR cultivar, silicon amendment associated with fungicide treatment led to a reduction in DON concentration. Greenhouse experiments evaluated the effect of silicon combined with different timings of fungicide application on wheat defences against Fusarium graminearum. Plants supplied with silicon had a longer pathogen incubation period, lower FHB severity and lower DON concentration when compared to plants without silicon. In addition, silicon-supplied plants had higher soluble phenolic content and altered antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POX and PPO) that favoured early accumulation of hydrogen peroxide when compared to plants without silicon. Greater control of FHB and lower DON concentration in plants treated with silicon and fungicide before inoculation and up to 1 day after inoculation was associated with increased levels of defence-associated metabolites. Silicon contributed to the reduction of FHB and DON concentration in wheat, especially for the MR cultivar and, when combined with fungicide spraying, both MR and disease-susceptible cultivars had enhanced performances upon silicon amendment. 相似文献
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Silveira dos Santos Juliana Vitorino Luciana Cristina Fabrega Gonçalves Renata Corrêa Côrtes Marina Souza Cruz Alves Rafael Cezar Ribeiro Milton Garcia Collevatti Rosane 《Landscape Ecology》2022,37(10):2481-2501
Landscape Ecology - Despite the importance of secondary forests for the maintenance of biodiversity, the impact of pioneer trees on habitat loss and fragmentation is poorly understood. We analyzed... 相似文献