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1.
B. Colby Saliba 《Soil Use and Management》1985,1(4):106-110
Abstract. Agricultural soil erosion is serious in developed and developing countries alike. Soil runoff can diminish long-term land productivity and accompanying sedimentation of waterways contributes to flooding and substantially reduces both water quality and the useful life of reservoirs and irrigation works. To design effective erosion control policies, planners need to be able to evaluate conservation efforts by fanners. The research reported here develops comparative measures of conservation effectiveness using the management factors of the Universal Soil Loss Equation. These factors measure the effectiveness of farmers' existing conservation practices and can help policymakers identify the regions and types of farms which are not using effective erosion control measures, enabling them to direct scarce personnel and funds to areas where they are most needed. 相似文献
2.
Araújo A. R. Rodriguez N. M. Rogério Marcos Cláudio Pinheiro Borges I. Saliba E. O. S. Santos S. A. Pompeu R. C. F. F. Fernandes F. E. P. Monteiro J. P. Muir J. P. 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(4):957-966
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Sheep production systems in Brazilian caatinga rangelands require supplementation adapted to changes in floristic and chemical composition as dry seasons... 相似文献
3.
Abstract Field trials to control flies on animal farms in Malta were held during 1973 with tetrachlorvinphos, iodofenphos, fenitrothion, bioresmethrin and dimethoate applied as cover sprays to walls and ceilings. Results were assessed by fly population counts (using sticky fly-paper traps exposed for 24 h at weekly intervals), bioassay tests and visual assessments of flies on individual farms. Tetrachlorvinphos gave the best results and was applied as a cover spray on 12 large animal farms in the northwestern part of Gozo during 1974. Results, using the same criteria as in the 1973 trials, indicated that, although high fly mortality was observed and deposits on walls remained toxic throughout the season, effective control of houseflies and stableflies was not achieved. It is suggested that residual spraying alone on the larger animal farms was not sufficient to overcome the breeding potential of the flies and that a residual spraying campaign could only be successful if more extensively applied and supplemented by a comprehensive programme of farm hygiene improvement. 相似文献
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5.
Rachelle Mrad Espérance Debs Rachad Saliba Richard G. Maroun Nicolas Louka 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014
Intensification of Vaporization by Decompression to the Vacuum is a new texturizing process proposed as a pre-treatment for roasting purple maize. It consists in exposing humid kernels to a high steam pressure followed by a decompression to the vacuum. Three variables were considered: initial water content (W), steam pressure (P) and processing time (T). Using response surface methodology, the effects of these variables were studied on the response parameters: Total Anthocyanins Content, Total Polyphenols Content, Free Radical Scavenging Activity, Expansion Ratio, Hardness and Work Done. P and T had the highest effects. They decreased anthocyanins and polyphenols content but increased Expansion Ratio, Hardness and Work Done. Interactions between the variables had interesting effects on texturization as crunchiness, popping or shrinkage. Multiple optimization was conducted in order to find a compromise between chemical and textural parameters. The optimum (W = 30%, P = 7 bar, T = 10 s) conserved the phenolic compounds while conferring expansion and crunchiness. 相似文献
6.
Erika Valéria Saliba Albuquerque Poliene Martins Costa Ana Cristina Meneses Mendes Gomes Marcilene Santos Antonio Alves Pereira Michel Nicole Diana Fernandez Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(3):365-373
Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are obligate parasite species of the genus Meloidogyne that cause great losses in Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plantations. Identification of resistant genotypes would facilitate the improvement of coffee varieties aiming at an
environmental friendly and costless nematode control. In this work, the C. arabica genotype ‘UFV 408-28’ was found to be resistant to the most destructive RKN species M. incognita. Pathogenicity assays indicated that the highly aggressive populations of M. incognita races 1, 2 and 3 were not able to successfully reproduce on ‘UFV 408-28’ roots and displayed a low gall index (GI = 2). An
average reduction of 87% reduction of the M. incognita population was observed on ‘UFV 408-28’ when compared to the susceptible cultivar ‘IAC 15’. By contrast, ‘UFV 408-28’ was
susceptible to the related species M. exigua and M. paranaensis (GI = 5 and 4, respectively). Histological observations performed on sections of UFV408-28 roots infected with M. incognita race 1 showed that nematode infection could be blocked right after penetration or during migration and establishment stages,
at 6 days, 7 days and 8 days after infection (DAI). Fluorescence and bright field microscopy observations showed that root
cells surrounding the nematodes exhibited HR-like features such as accumulation of phenolic compounds and a necrotic cell
aspect. In the susceptible ‘IAC 15’ roots, 6 DAI, feeding sites contained giant cells with a dense cytoplasm. Necrotic cells
were never observed throughout the entire infection cycle. The HR-like phenotype observed in the ‘UFV 408-28’—M. incognita interaction suggests that the coffee resistance may be mediated by a R-gene based immunity system and may therefore provide new insights for understanding the molecular basis of RKN resistance
in perennial crops. 相似文献
7.
Abstract Bioassays were carried out under laboratory conditions to determine the residual toxicities to the housefly, Musca domestica L., and the stablefly, Sromoxys calcitrans L., of a range of insecticide formulations sprayed on wood, Maltese limestone, cement-washed and lime-washed stone. Stomoxys were more susceptible to all deposits than were Musca. Wettable powders were more effective than emulsions; some being still highly toxic to flies a year after spraying. Most formulations had a shorter life on stone than on wood but a covering of cement could extend the residual life markedly. With tetrachlorvinphos w.p. on stone, respraying nine weeks after the initial spraying resulted in higher kills and longer residual life following the second spraying than after the first. 相似文献
8.
Yaacoub R Saliba R Nsouli B Khalaf G Birlouez-Aragon I 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(16):7082-7090
The aim of the present study was to quantify some nutritional and safety quality parameter changes that take place in nuts (roasting) and sesame seeds (dehulling, roasting, milling, and sterilization) during processing. Such evaluation was based on chemical analysis of various indicators of lipid alteration in raw and processed pistachios, almonds, peanuts, and tahina. Lipid oxidation was assessed by the evolution of lipid oxidation products including hydroperoxides, p-anisidine, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, as well as carboxymethyllysine (CML) and trans fatty acids (tFAs). All these parameters were significantly affected by the different processing stages, especially by roasting and sterilization (tahina). Nut roasting and sesame heat treatment increased the primary (hydroperoxides) and secondary (aldehydic compounds) lipid oxidation products, with the p-anisidine value reaching 6-11.5 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances 3-5 mg/kg (equiv of malondialdehyde) in the different end products. In addition, roasting led to the formation of CML (between 12.7 and 17.7 ng/mg) and tFAs (between 0.6 and 0.9 g/100 g) in nuts and tahina, which were absent in the raw material. Roasting parameters appear as the critical factor to control to limit the CML and tFA formation in the final product. 相似文献
9.
White and red wines spiked with catechin-rich green tea extract and grape seed extract were assessed for phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and cross-cultural consumer rejection thresholds in relation to wine as a functional food. Health functionality is an important factor in functional foods, and spiking pure compounds or plant extracts is an effective method to increase or control functionality. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were measured in wines spiked to different extract concentrations, namely, control and 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/L, to confirm the dose-response curves in both white and red wines. Consumer rejection thresholds (CRTs) were established for spiked wines in a Korean and in an Australian population. Our results showed that the green tea extract and grape seed extract increased the antioxidant activity dose dependently, and the CRTs varied considerably between the Korean and the Australian groups, with Koreans preferring wines spiked with green tea extract and Australians showing a preference for wines spiked with grape seed extract. These results have implications for producing wine products that are enhanced in phenolic compounds and targeted to different cultural groups. 相似文献
10.
1. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved proteins, shown to protect organisms against physical and physiological stress.
2. TEX-OE® is a patented total extract of the fruit of Opuntia ficus indica, which has been demonstrated to accelerate the development of HSPs in several animal species.
3. One-day-old commercial broiler chicks were treated with TEX-OE®; HSP was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and a large commercial field trial investigated key performance indicators (KPIs) in treated versus untreated controls chicks.
4. TEX-OE® significantly increased HSP concentrations in treated chicks versus controls. Final cumulative mortality, liveweight and percentage factory-rejects were better than in controls.
5. The accelerated HSP response may enable chicks to cope with early stressors, which is reflected in improved KPIs. 相似文献