Treatment effects of intra-articular triamcinolone acetonide in an equine model of recurrent joint inflammation     

Clodagh M. Kearney  Nicoline M. Korthagen  Saskia G. M. Plomp  Margot C. Labberté  Janny C. de Grauw  P. R. van Weeren  Pieter A. J. Brama 《Equine veterinary journal》2021,53(6):1277-1286

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Central nervous system signs in chickens caused by a new avian reovirus strain: a pathogenesis study     

Van de Zande S  Kuhn EM 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,120(1-2):42-49

The present study describes the pathogenesis of infection of chicks with a new avian reovirus strain, belonging to the so-called enteric reovirus strains (ERS) that is capable of causing central nervous system signs in SPF white leghorns. After intramuscular (IM) or oral inoculation birds were either observed for clinical signs or sacrificed for macroscopic, histological and virological examination for 21 days. Virus isolation was performed on the brain, leg muscle, hock joint, liver and spleen. For the detection of viral antigen the immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique was performed on the caudal part of the cerebrum, spinal cord including spinal ganglia and right N. Ischiadicus. High mortality (79% in 7 days) was seen in birds that were inoculated IM. Survivors were depressed and stayed small until the end of the experiment. One bird had tremor and showed torticollis at 9 days after IM inoculation. Birds that were inoculated orally were depressed from day 4 and stayed small until the end of the experiment. One bird showed a torticollis at 10 days after inoculation. After both IM and oral inoculation ERS was isolated from the brain between 3 and 10 days after inoculation. Other examined organs were positive for virus isolation from day 1 or 5 until day 21. IHC revealed viral antigen positive cells in the Plexus chorioideus (plexus epithelial cells or cells within the underlying connective tissue) and in a spinal ganglion. The results indicate that the pathogenesis of ERS infection in chickens bears some resemblance with that of the mammalian reoviruses serotype 1 in mice.  相似文献   

Immunological and gene expression responses to a Salmonella infection in the chicken intestine     

van Hemert S  Hoekman AJ  Smits MA  Rebel JM 《Veterinary research》2007,38(1):51-63

Besides infection in humans, Salmonella enteritidis can also cause serious illness in young chickens. However, the genetic and immunological parameters important for the disease in chickens are not well characterized. In this study, processes in the chicken intestine in response to a Salmonella infection were investigated in two different chicken lines. One-day-old chickens were orally infected with Salmonella. T-cell subpopulations, phagocytic properties of intestinal mononuclear cells and RNA expression levels of the jejunum were investigated. The two chicken lines differed in the amount of cfu in the liver and growth retardation after the infection. Differences in phagocytic activity of intestinal mononuclear cells were found between control and Salmonella infected chickens. The number of CD4+ T-cells of the intestine decreased after the Salmonella infection in one chicken line, while the number of CD8+ T-cells increased in both chicken lines, but the time post infection of this increase differed between the lines. In one chicken line the expression levels of the genes carboxypeptidase M and similar to ORF2 decreased after the Salmonella infection, which might be related to a decrease in the amount of macrophages. With the microarray, ten genes were found that were regulated in only one of the chicken lines, while we found six genes regulated in response to the infection in both chicken lines. So differences in genetic background of the chickens influence the intestinal host response of the Salmonella infection as observed by phagocytic activity, gene expression and changes in the number of T-cell subpopulations and macrophages.  相似文献   

Influence of glucosamine on matrix metalloproteinase expression and activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated equine chondrocytes     

Byron CR  Orth MW  Venta PJ  Lloyd JW  Caron JP 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(6):666-671

OBJECTIVE: To characterize potential mechanisms of action of glucosamine inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated equine chondrocytes. SAMPLE POPULATION: Chondrocytes cultured from samples of metacarpophalangeal articular cartilage collected from cadaveric limbs of horses. PROCEDURE: The effect of glucosamine on MMP activity in conditioned medium from LPS-stimulated cartilage explants was determined by a colorimetric assay with azocoll substrate. Treatments consisted of negative and positive controls, glucose (50 mM), and glucosamine (50, 25, 6.25, 3, and 1.5 mM). The influence of glucosamine on MMP synthesis was determined in chondrocytes in pellet culture incubated with LPS (20 microg/mL). Concentration of MMP-13 was quantified in spent medium via ELISA; nonspecific MMP activity was determined via azocoll digestion in organomercurial-activated medium. Effects of glucosamine on MMP mRNA concentration in similarly treated chondrocytes were determined by northern blot hybridization with MMP-1, -3, and -13 probes. Statistical analyses were performed with 2-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Glucosamine had no effect on activated MMP activity but inhibited MMP protein expression, as determined by azocoll digestion (glucosamine, 3 to 50 mM) and MMP-13 ELISA (glucosamine, 1.5 to 50 mM). Resting mRNA concentrations for MMP-1, -3, and -13 mRNA were significantly lower in cultures exposed to glucosamine at concentrations of 50 and 25 mM than those of positive controls. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Glucosamine appears capable of pretranslational, and possibly also translational, regulation of MMP expression; data suggest a potential mechanism of action for chondroprotective effects of this aminomonosaccharide.  相似文献   

Serum concentrations of keratan sulfate,osteocalcin, and pyridinoline crosslinks after oral administration of glucosamine to standardbred horses during race training     

Caron JP  Peters TL  Hauptman JG  Eberhart SW  Orth MW 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(8):1106-1110

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of orally administered glucosamine on concentrations of markers of bone and cartilage metabolism in Standardbred horses during race training. ANIMALS: Twenty 16- to 20-month-old Standardbreds beginning race training. PROCEDURE: Horses were randomly assigned to 2 groups. One group received glucosamine hydrochloride (4 g, PO, q 12 h), and the second (control) group received glucose (4 g, PO, q 12 h). Serum samples were obtained prior to onset of the study (baseline) and at regular intervals for 48 weeks for determination of concentrations of keratan sulfate (KS), osteocalcin (OC), and pyridinoline crosslinks (PYD). RESULTS: Osteocalcin concentrations changed significantly with time; mean serum concentrations were significantly higher than baseline values for samples obtained at 24 to 48 weeks after onset of the study. Although a significant effect of time was observed for mean concentration of KS, concentrations did not differ significantly from baseline values at any time during the study when groups were analyzed separately. However, pooled analysis revealed significant increases of mean serum KS concentration at weeks 24 and 30. Significant changes in serum PYD concentrations were not detected. Oral administration of glucosamine did not significantly affect serum concentrations of any of the markers. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Increased serum OC in clinically normal Standardbreds during race training may reflect bone formation that accompanies adaptive remodeling of the appendicular skeleton. For these experimental conditions, glucosamine did not appear to exert a detectable influence on serum concentrations of these 3 markers of connective tissue metabolism.  相似文献   

Ethnic differences in 1-year follow-up effect of the Dutch Schoolgruiten Project - promoting fruit and vegetable consumption among primary-school children     

Tak NI  Te Velde SJ  Brug J 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(12):1497-1507

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a primary school-based intervention providing free fruit and vegetables (F&V), separately for children of Dutch and of non-Western ethnicity. SETTING: Primary schools in two regions (west and east) in The Netherlands. DESIGN AND METHODS: Participating schoolchildren and their parents completed questionnaires at baseline and 1 year later, including questions on usual F&V intake, potential determinants and general demographics. Primary outcomes were the usual fruit intake and the usual vegetable intake as assessed by parent- and child self-reported food frequency measures. Secondary outcome measures were child- or parent-reported taste preference, knowledge of daily recommendations, availability, and accessibility for fruit intake. Multilevel regression analyses were used to assess differences at follow-up adjusted for baseline values between the control and intervention group using both child and parent reports. SUBJECTS: Five hundred and sixty-five children of Dutch ethnicity and 388 children of non-Western ethnicity (mean age 9.9 years at baseline) and their parents. RESULTS: Children of non-Western ethnicity in the intervention group reported a significantly higher vegetable intake (difference = 20.7 g day-1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.6-33.7). A significant positive intervention effect was also found for fruit intake for children of Dutch ethnicity (difference = 0.23 pieces day-1, 95% CI = 0.07-0.39). No significant effects in intake were observed based on parent reports. Significant positive intervention effects were also found for perceived accessibility among children of non-Western ethnicity, as well as for parent-reported taste preference of their child among children of non-Western ethnicity and boys of Dutch ethnicity.CONCLUSION: Providing children with free F&V had some positive effects on child-reported intakes and important correlates of intakes.  相似文献   

Reservoir sediment characterisation by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in a semiarid region to support sediment reuse for soil fertilization     

Carvalho  Thayslan  Brosinsky  Arlena  Foerster  Saskia  Teixeira  Adunias  Medeiros  Pedro 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2022,22(9):2557-2577

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Soil erosion by water yields sediment to surface reservoirs, reducing their storage capacities, changing their geometry, and degrading water quality. Sediment...  相似文献   

Influence of processing on total,monoglutamate and polyglutamate folate contents of leeks,cauliflower, and green beans     

Melse-Boonstra A  Verhoef P  Konings EJ  Van Dusseldorp M  Matser A  Hollman PC  Meyboom S  Kok FJ  West CE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(12):3473-3478

Bioavailability of dietary folate might be impaired by the polyglutamate chain to which approximately 70% of dietary folates are bound. This chain must be removed enzymatically in the intestine before folate is absorbed as a monoglutamate. To increase formation of monoglutamate folate in vegetables, the vegetables were subjected to various processing treatments. Treatments included freezing (-18 degrees C, 16 h) and thawing (4 degrees C, 24 h) and hydrostatic high-pressure treatment (200 MPa, 5 min). Both freezing/thawing and high-pressure treatment increased the proportion of folate in the monoglutamate form in leeks, cauliflower, and green beans 2-3-fold. However, loss of total folate after these treatments was >55%. It is concluded that conversion of folate polyglutamate to the monoglutamate form in vegetables is possible by certain processing treatments. Potentially this could lead to vegetables with higher folate bioavailability. However, to prevent folate loss into processing water, processing in a closed system should be applied.  相似文献   

Volatile flavor analysis and sensory evaluation of custard desserts varying in type and concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose     

van Ruth SM  de Witte L  Uriarte AR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(26):8105-8110

The influence of type and concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on flavor and textural properties of custard desserts was examined. A synthetic strawberry flavor mixture was used to flavor the custards; it comprised 15 volatile flavor compounds. The viscosity of the custards was determined using rheometric measurements. Static headspace gas chromatography and in-nose proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry analyses were conducted to determine the custards' volatile flavor properties. Perceived odor, flavor, and textural properties were assessed in sensory analysis experiments using magnitude estimation against a fixed modulus. Both type and concentration of CMC altered the viscosity of the custards. Softer custards had higher static headspace flavor concentrations. On the contrary, firmer custards demonstrated higher in-nose flavor concentrations. In sensory analysis, firmer custards showed higher thickness and lower sweetness intensities than their low-viscosity counterparts. The thickness perception corresponded to the viscosity of the custards. Removal of sucrose from the custards affected sweetness intensity only and not the intensity of other attributes. Therefore, the influence of the viscosity of the custards on the release of sweet-tasting components is held responsible for the effect on perceived sweetness intensity. Odor intensities were generally higher for the low-viscosity custard, whereas fruity flavor intensities were higher for the firmer custards. Odor intensities correlated with static headspace concentrations and flavor intensities related reasonably well with in-nose concentrations. Opening and closing of the nasal cavity is regarded as an important factor determining the discrepancy between static and in-nose measurements.  相似文献   

Adenylyl cyclase amino acid sequence: possible channel- or transporter-like structure   总被引：47，自引：0，他引：47  

J Krupinski  F Coussen  H A Bakalyar  W J Tang  P G Feinstein  K Orth  C Slaughter  R R Reed  A G Gilman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,244(4912):1558-1564

Complementary DNA's that encode an adenylyl cyclase were isolated from a bovine brain library. Most of the deduced amino acid sequence of 1134 residues is divisible into two alternating sets of hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains. Each of the two large hydrophobic domains appears to contain six transmembrane spans. Each of the two large hydrophilic domains contains a sequence that is homologous to a single cytoplasmic domain of several guanylyl cyclases; these sequences may represent nucleotide binding sites. An unexpected topographical resemblance between adenylyl cyclase and various plasma membrane channels and transporters was observed. This structural complexity suggests possible, unappreciated functions for this important enzyme.  相似文献