Quantitative Macroscopic Anatomy of the Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) Digestive Tract          下载免费PDF全文

C. Sauer  M. F. Bertelsen  P. Lund  M. R. Weisbjerg  M. Clauss 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2016,45(5):338-349

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A new technique for restraining antlerless mule deer     

B W Sauer  H A Gorman  R J Boyd 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1969,155(7):1080-1084

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Canine protothecosis: review of the literature and report of an additional case   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

G Migaki  R L Font  R M Sauer  W Kaplan  R L Miller 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1982,181(8):794-797

A review of protothecosis in dogs revealed that this malady usually begins in the gastrointestinal tract and progresses to systemic involvement. Clinical signs generally include bloody diarrhea or blood-stained feces as well as blindness, ataxia, and polyuria. Histologically, myriads of protothecal organisms in different stages of development are found in the granulomatous lesions. Two main species have been culturally identified: Prototheca zopfii and P wickerhamii. In the absence of cultural studies, species identification can be accomplished readily by immunofluorescence. The present case involved P zopfii infection in a 5-year-old female Cocker Spaniel that had bloody diarrhea, with a history of bloody diarrhea 6 months earlier.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of capillary electrophoresis fluoroimmunoassay of blood PrpSc for evaluation of scrapie pathogenesis in sheep.     

David J Everest  Susan Waterhouse  Tina Kelly  Elena Velo-Rego  Maurice J Sauer 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2007,19(5):552-557

Management of prion diseases in livestock would benefit greatly from availability of a validated blood test. A promising immunocapillary electrophoresis technique (also known as capillary electrophoresis fluoroimmunoassay) to detect abnormal prion protein in blood from live sheep is evaluated here. Capillary electrophoresis fluoroimmunoassay was applied to analysis of extracted blood from scrapie-exposed sheep (n = 87; 347 samples) at various stages of incubation, and to control sheep (n = 194; 489 samples). Overall, test values for the control and test populations were not significantly different, and a similar proportion of control (7%) and test (10%) sheep were classified as positive. Over 2-3 month intervals from birth until clinical disease, test specificity and sensitivity ranged from 66.7% to 100% and 0% to 66.7%, respectively, indicating poor diagnostic performance at all stages of pathogenesis. In routine application, in its present form, the capillary electrophoresis fluoroimmunoassay procedure proved to be insufficiently robust for use as a blood test for scrapie diagnosis.  相似文献   

Variation in infiltration with landscape position: Implications for forest productivity and surface water quality   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Thomas J. Sauer  Sally D. Logsdon  J. Van Brahana  John F. Murdoch 《Forest Ecology and Management》2005,220(1-3):118-127

Variation of infiltration rates with landscape position influences the amount, distribution, and routing of overland flow. Knowledge of runoff patterns gives land managers the opportunity to affect changes that optimize water use efficiency and reduce the risk of water quality impacts. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of landscape position and associated soil properties on infiltration in a small (147 ha) forest/pasture watershed in the Ozark Highlands. Three previously reported studies measured infiltration rates using double ring, sprinkling, single ring, and tension infiltrometers on soils at varying landscape positions. Although large variation in infiltration rates was observed among measurement techniques, upland and side slope soils (Nixa and Clarksville) had consistently lower infiltration rates compared to the soil in the valley bottom (Razort). A conceptual understanding of watershed runoff is developed from these data that includes infiltration excess runoff from the Nixa and Clarksville soils and saturation excess runoff on the Razort soil. Management of the soil water regime based on this understanding would focus on increasing infiltration in upland soils and maintaining the Razort soil areas in forest. Forest productivity would be enhanced by increasing plant-available water in upland soils and decreasing flooding on the Razort soil. Surface water quality would be improved by reducing the transport of potential water contaminants from animal manure applied to upland pastures.  相似文献   

Effect of Oil Overlay on Inhibition Potential of Roscovitine in Sheep Cumulus‐Oocyte Complexes          下载免费PDF全文

LF Crocomo  WC Marques Filho  CMV Ulian  NS Branchini  DT Silva  CL Ackermann  FC Landim‐Alvarenga  SD Bicudo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(3):410-416

Inhibitors of cyclin‐dependent kinases, as roscovitine, have been used to prevent the spontaneous resumption of meiosis in vitro and to improve the oocyte developmental competence. In this study, the interference of oil overlay on the reversible arrest capacity of roscovitine in sheep oocytes as well as its effects on cumulus expansion was evaluated. For this, cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured for 20 h in TCM 199 with 10% foetal bovine serum (Control) containing 75 μm roscovitine (Rosco). Subsequently, they were in vitro matured (IVM) for further 18 h in inhibitor‐free medium with LH and FSH. The culture was performed in Petri dishes under mineral oil (+) or in 96 well plates without oil overlay (?) at 38.5°C and 5% CO₂. At 20 and 38 h, the cumulus expansion and nuclear maturation were evaluated under stereomicroscope and by Hoechst 33342 staining, respectively. No group presented cumulus expansion at 20 h. After additional culture with gonadotrophins, a significant rate of COCs from both Control groups (+/?) exhibited total expansion while in both Rosco groups (+/?) the partial expansion prevailed. Among the oocytes treated with roscovitine, 65.2% were kept at GV in the absence of oil overlay while 40.6% of them reached MII under oil cover (p < 0.05). This meiotic arrest was reversible, and proper meiosis progression also occurred in the Control groups (+/?). So, the culture system without oil overlay improved the meiotic inhibition promoted by roscovitine without affecting the cumulus expansion rate or the subsequent meiosis progression.  相似文献   

Effect of feeding level on ileal and total tract digestibility of nutrients and energy from soybean meal‐based diets for piglets     

M. Goerke  R. Mosenthin  D. Jezierny  N. Sauer  H.‐P. Piepho  U. Messerschmidt  M. Eklund 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2014,98(6):1154-1165

A total of 36 piglets with an initial body weight (BW) of 5.6 ± 0.7 kg, fitted with simple T‐cannulas at the distal ileum, were used to evaluate the effect of three graded feeding levels (50, 75 or 100 g/kg BW^0.75 day) on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and energy, and on ATTD of organic matter (OM), ether extracts (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and digestible (DE), metabolisable (ME) and net energy (NE) content in soybean meal (SBM)–casein–cornstarch‐based diets. The AID of DM, N and energy and ATTD of NDF, ADF and EE in the diets were not affected (p > 0.05) by the feed intake (FI) level. There was a small decrease in ATTD of DM, N (CP), OM, ash and energy, and in DE, ME and NE content in the diets (p < 0.05) with increasing FI level. The net disappearance in the large intestine (in % of ileal recovery) decreased for DM, N and energy (p < 0.05) with increasing FI level. The design of the study allowed for estimating ileal endogenous loss of N and total tract endogenous loss of ash, N and EE, for estimating corresponding true ileal and total tract digestibility values, and for estimating urinary endogenous N loss. High variability in estimates of ileal endogenous N loss and total tract endogenous losses of N, EE and ash reflects great variation in individual endogenous losses between animals. Estimation of true total tract digestibility of N, EE and ash by regression analysis was affected by their decrease in ATTD with increasing FI level, as estimates for true digestibility were lower compared to their apparent values. The present results suggest that FI level can affect both apparent and true total tract nutrient digestibility in piglets.  相似文献   

A soil chronosequence in the semi-arid environment of Patagonia (Argentina)     

Daniela Sauer  Gerhard Schellmann  Karl Stahr 《CATENA》2007,71(3):382

Soil development with time was investigated on beach ridges with ages ranging from about 1380 to 6240 ¹⁴C-years BP at the eastern coast of central Patagonia. The main pedogenic processes are accumulation of organic matter and carbonate leaching and accumulation within the upper part of the soils. Soil formation is strongly influenced by incorporation of eolian sediments into the interstitial spaces between the gravel of which the beach ridges are composed. Different amounts of eolian material in the soils lead to differentiation into Leptosols (containing ≤ 10% fine earth in the upper 75 cm) and Regosols (containing > 10% fine earth). Soil depth functions and chronofunctions of organic carbon, calcium carbonate, pH, Ca:Zr, Mg:Zr, K:Zr, Na:Zr, Fe:Zr, Mn:Zr, and Si:Al (obtained from X-ray fluorescence analysis) were evaluated. To establish soil chronofunctions mean values of the horizon data of 0–10 cm below the desert pavement were used, which were weighted according to the horizon thicknesses. The depth function of pH shows a decrease towards the surface, indicating leaching of bases from the upper centimeters. Chronofunctions of pH show that within 6000 radiocarbon years of soil development pH drops from 7.0 to 6.6 in the Leptosols and from 8.1 to 7.5 in the Regosols. The higher pH of the Regosols is due to input of additional bases from the eolian sediments. Chronofunctions of Ca:Zr and K:Zr indicate progressive leaching of Ca and K in the Regosols, showing close relationships to time (R² = 0.972 and 0.995). Na leaching as indicated by decreasing Na:Zr ratios shows a strong correlation to time only in the Leptosols (R² = 0.999). Both, Leptosols and Regosols show close relationships to time for Fe:Zr (R² = 0.817 and 0.824), Mn:Zr (R² = 0.940 and 0.803), and Si:Al (0.971 and 0.977), indicating enrichment of Fe and Mn and leaching of Si. Leaching of mobile elements takes place on a higher level in the Regosols than in the Leptosols from the beginning of soil formation. Hence, a significant part of the eolian sediments must have been incorporated into the beach ridges very soon after their formation.  相似文献   

Porous tubing for use in monitoring soil CO₂ concentrations     

Thomas M. DeSutter  Thomas J. Sauer  Timothy B. Parkin 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(9):2676-2681

The composition of the soil atmosphere is an indicator of biological processes, and soil CO₂ gradients have been used to estimate CO₂ efflux from the surface. Soil atmosphere samplers, constructed with gas-permeable materials, have been used to quantify soil CO₂ concentrations. The type of material used can influence the perceived real-time concentrations of CO₂ in the soil. Previous works have not directly compared different types of materials under the same conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the diffusion coefficient (D) and time of 95% equilibrium (t_eq) of CO₂ through several materials, and to evaluate the effect of long-term soil burial (183 days) on diffusion characteristics. Materials tested included silicone, expanded Teflon (ePTFE), and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (PE) tubing. The D of each material was determined using a closed-loop system consisting of a CO₂-enriched (7800 ppm) chamber, a CO₂ analyzer and an inner tube (experimental tubing) placed inside the chamber. Air was re-circulated through the inner tube, and as CO₂ diffused from the chamber into the tubing, the analyzer recorded the increase in concentration. The silicone tubes had values of D ranging from 8.64 to 5.80×10⁻⁶ cm² s⁻¹ with corresponding t_eq between 3.9 and 9.7 h. Diffusion coefficients of the ePTFE (1.25×10⁻⁴ cm² s⁻¹) and PE (7.70×10⁻⁴ cm² s⁻¹) materials were 2 orders of magnitude greater, with t_eq<6 min. Exposure to the soil environment for 183 days did not visibly deteriorate the materials or significantly affect the D or t_eq values. Use of the ePTFE or PE materials, over the silicone materials, may allow for better characterization of dynamic CO₂ concentrations in the soil based on the greater D and lesser t_eq values of these materials.  相似文献   

Celestial rotation and stellar orientation in migratory warblers     

Sauer EG  Emlen ST 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,173(3995):459-461

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