Influence of acute exposure to a low dose of systemic insecticide fipronil on locomotor activity and emotional behavior in adult male mice     

Mizuki MAEDA  Toshifumi YOKOYAMA  Sayaka KITAUCHI  Tetsushi HIRANO  Youhei MANTANI  Yoshiaki TABUCHI  Nobuhiko HOSHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(2):344

Fipronil (FPN) is a systemic insecticide that antagonizes the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA_A) receptors in insects. Recently, adverse effects of FPN on mammals have been reported, but most of those were caused by high doses of FPN and additives in the products. We investigated the effects of low-dose pure FPN on the emotional behavior of mice. Nine-week-old male mice conducted behavioral tests 24 hr after FPN administration by gavage at doses of 0.05 or 5 mg/kg based on the no-observed-effect level (NOEL), showed a significant increase in locomotor activity and dose-dependent responses on the time they spent in the central zone in the open field test. Pure FPN below the NOEL dose may affect the emotional behavior of mice.  相似文献   

Serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from diseased dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K Ozaki  A Inoue  H Atobe  E Takahashi  S Konishi 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1990,52(2):233-239

Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from diseased dogs in Tokyo area during 1983 through 1986 were serotyped and assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility to obtain an epizootiological aspect of canine P. aeruginosa infection. Major sources of specimens were ear and nasal discharges and urine. The results of O-antigen typing using a monoclonal antibody kit showed that the most predominant serotype was type M. Types G and B were also major serotypes. In a yearly distribution of serotypes, type I was almost limited in 1986, and was isolated mainly from surgical wounds, which showed an episode of nosocomial infection, whereas that of type M or B was dispersed during 4 years from 1983 to 1986. As a result of antimicrobial susceptibility test, most canine strains were considered to be susceptible to 4 drugs, which were commonly used in both human and veterinary clinics, in contrast to human isolates.  相似文献   

The effect of strain, growth stage, and cultivating condition of Ganoderma lucidum on 5α-reductase inhibition     

Jie Liu  Rumi Fujita  Michiko Sato  Kuniyoshi Shimizu  Fumiko Konishi  Kiyoshi Noda  Shoichiro Kumamoto  Chie Ueda  Hisatoshi Tajiri  Shuhei Kaneko  Yoshitaro Suimi  Ryuichiro Kondo 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(2):189-192

The inhibitory effects of 102 methanol extracts of 40 mycelia, 9 culture fluids, and 53 fruiting bodies of 40 strains of Ganoderma lucidum on 5-reductase were investigated. The methanol extract of the fruiting body of each strain was found to show the strongest 5-reductase inhibitory activity among the extracts tested.  相似文献   

Toxicokinetics and absolute oral bioavailability of melamine in broiler chickens          下载免费PDF全文

S. Poapolathep  N. Klangkaew  P. Arreesrisom  S. Isariyodom  Y. Sugita‐Konishi  S. Kumagai  A. Poapolathep 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2015,38(1):101-104

The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicokinetic characteristics of melamine in broilers due to the limited information available for livestock. Melamine was then administered to broiler chickens at an intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) dosage of 5.5 mg/kg of body weight, and plasma samples were collected up to 48 h. The concentration of melamine in each plasma sample was analyzed using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Melamine was measurable up to 24 h after i.v. and p.o. administration. A one‐compartment model was developed to describe the toxicokinetics of melamine in broilers. Following i.v. administration, the values for the elimination half‐life (t_1/2β), the volume of distribution (V_d), and the clearance (CL) were 4.42 ± 1.02 h, 00.52 ± 0.18 L/kg, and 0.08 ± 0.01 L/h/kg, respectively. The absolute oral bioavailability (F) was 95.63 ± 3.54%. The results suggest that most of the administered melamine is favorably absorbed from the alimentary tract and rapidly cleared by the kidneys in broiler chickens.  相似文献   

Vertical distribution of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus larvae in the southern part of the East China Sea     

Chiyuki Sassa  Yoshinobu Konishi 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(3):612-619

ABSTRACT:   The vertical distribution of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus larvae was described based on discrete depth sampling using a MTD net system from the surface down to 100 m depth at 13 stations in the southern East China Sea between 27 February and 10 March 2002. Of the 20 782 fish larvae collected, T. japonicus larvae were most abundant, accounting for 37.0% of the total catch. The average abundance of the larvae was 419.0 individuals/10 m², with the average (± standard deviation [SD]) body length of 2.6 ± 0.3 mm (range 1.8–7.5 mm). The larvae were concentrated in the mixed layer, with peak densities in the 10–30 m layer. The average (±SD) weighted mean depth was 21.5 ± 7.8 m. There was no evidence of either diel or ontogenetic vertical migration for the early larvae of <5 mm. More than 90% of the T. japonicus larvae were collected in the water temperature ranging from 21 to 23°C. Vertical profiles of the larval densities and chlorophyll a coincided with each other, which might reflect the abundance of their main prey organisms, copepod nauplii and copepodites, since copepod production is known to be closely related with the chlorophyll a concentration.  相似文献   

EMG telemetry studies on upstream migration of chum salmon in the Toyohira river,Hokkaido, Japan     

Makiguchi Y  Konno Y  Konishi K  Miyoshi K  Sakashita T  Nii H  Nakao K  Ueda H 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2011,37(2):273-284

The movements of 28 adult chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) tagged with electromyogram (EMG) transmitters were tracked along the Toyohira river, Hokkaido, Japan, in October of 2007 and 2008 to investigate and evaluate the upstream migratory behavior through the protection bed and fishway of ground sills. The approach time of fish that ascended successfully through the protection bed and fishway was shorter than that of unsuccessful fish. The unsuccessful fish were observed to swim in currents with high water velocity and shallow water depth at swimming speeds that exceeded their critical swimming speed (U _crit) during the approach to these structures. In consequence, unsuccessful fish frequently alternated between burst and maximum sustained speeds without ever ascending the fishway, and eventually became exhausted. It is important that fishway are constructed to enable chum salmon to find a passage way easily, so that they can migrate upstream rapidly without wasting excessive energy.  相似文献   

Evaluation of biological activities of extracts from the fruiting body of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pleurotus citrinopileatus</Emphasis> for skin cosmetics     

Tian-Xiao Meng  Shoko Furuta  Sayaka Fukamizu  Ryoko Yamamoto  Hiroya Ishikawa  Enos Tangke Arung  Kuniyoshi Shimizu  Shoji Ohga  Ryuichiro Kondo 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(5):452-458

Pleurotus citrinopileatus Singer has recently become a popular delicacy in East Asian countries. We prepared a methanol extract, soluble fractions from the methanol extract, and a hot water extract of the fruiting bodies of P. citrinopileatus. The biological activities such as melanin biosynthesis inhibition, tyrosinase inhibition, antioxidant activities [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity], antibacterial activities, and antihyaluronidase activities of these extracts were evaluated. We found that the n-hexanesoluble, diethyl ether-soluble, and ethyl acetate-soluble fractions exhibited melanin biosynthesis inhibition in B16 melanoma cells, as well as antioxidant (ORAC) and antibacterial activities. However, the n-butanol-soluble and water-soluble fractions and the methanol and hot water extracts exhibited antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging, SOD-like activity) and antihyaluronidase activities. These results indicate that the fruiting bodies of P. citrinopileatus have the potential to be used as an ingredient in skin cosmetics.  相似文献   

Charge state distribution and hydrogen/deuterium exchange of alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin preparations by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry     

Alomirah H  Alli I  Konishi Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(7):2049-2057

Charge state distribution (CSD) and hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange of preparations of alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-Lac) and beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg) were investigated using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Storage of alpha-Lac at pH 3 resulted in substantial changes in its CSD, with the emergence of new ion species and shifts toward higher charge state, indicating less stable conformation. ESI spectra of alpha-Lac kept at pH 5.5 for 4 days showed stable conformation; however, extending the storage period resulted in substantial changes in CSD and a decrease in the stability of holo-alpha-Lac (Ca(2+)-bound form). In comparison to apo-alpha-Lac, the relative intensity of holo-alpha-Lac was higher at pH 6.8 but lower at pH 8 during the storage period. beta-Lg showed stable CSD at pH 3, substantial changes at pH 5.5, and minor changes at pH 6.8 and 8 during storage. The H/D exchange results demonstrate that the conformation of holo-alpha-Lac was more stable than that of apo-alpha-Lac and that the conformation of beta-Lg variant B was more stable than that of the beta-Lg variant A. Kinetics of H/D exchange indicated that alpha-Lac and beta-Lg fractions obtained from whey protein preparations have the same or improved conformational stabilities compared to those of alpha-Lac and beta-Lg standards. The presence of four or more hexose residues in alpha-Lac enhanced its conformational stability; the presence of two hexose residues in beta-Lg resulted in a less stable conformation.  相似文献   

Contributions of bird studies to biology   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M Konishi  S T Emlen  R E Ricklefs  J C Wingfield 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,246(4929):465-472

Birds are widely distributed, highly diversified, and exhibit behavior and social organizations equal in complexity to mammals, yet they are generally more conspicuous and approachable in natural environments. These attributes make birds excellent subjects in many areas of biological research. The topics in which studies on birds have figured prominently include the mechanisms of species formation, the regulation of the distribution and abundance of animals, the effects of the environment on behavior and physiology, the biological and evolutionary significance of variations in social organizations, the encoding of information in animal communication, the sensory basis for migration and navigation, the effects of hormones on nerve cells and behavior, the ontogeny of brain and behavior, and the structure and function of the vertebrate brain. The outstanding record of avian research suggests that birds will continue to provide important models for developing and testing new ideas in various fields of biology.  相似文献   

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of homogeneous ultralow molecular weight heparins     

Xu Y  Masuko S  Takieddin M  Xu H  Liu R  Jing J  Mousa SA  Linhardt RJ  Liu J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6055):498-501

Ultralow molecular weight (ULMW) heparins are sulfated glycans that are clinically used to treat thrombotic disorders. ULMW heparins range from 1500 to 3000 daltons, corresponding from 5 to 10 saccharide units. The commercial drug Arixtra (fondaparinux sodium) is a structurally homogeneous ULMW heparin pentasaccharide that is synthesized through a lengthy chemical process. Here, we report 10- and 12-step chemoenzymatic syntheses of two structurally homogeneous ULMW heparins (MW = 1778.5 and 1816.5) in 45 and 37% overall yield, respectively, starting from a simple disaccharide. These ULMW heparins display excellent in vitro anticoagulant activity and comparable pharmacokinetic properties to Arixtra, as demonstrated in a rabbit model. The chemoenzymatic approach is scalable and shows promise for a more efficient route to synthesize this important class of medicinal agent.  相似文献