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Atherosclerosis is a common disease in pet birds, particularly in psittacines. Little is known about the role of risk factors predisposing birds to this disease. In our study, we tried to detect chlamydiae in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded atherosclerotic tissue from 103 pet birds to clarify their role in atherosclerosis. Methods used were polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing, and immunohistochemistry. Histopathologic examination served to classify the extent of atherosclerotic lesions. In the PCR, 4 (3.9%) of 103 cases, all of them with advanced stages of atherosclerosis, were positive. Subsequent sequence analysis revealed high identities (94%-100%) with Chlamydophila psittaci in three cases. Interestingly, two of these birds came from C. psittaci-infected populations. Because of the low incidence (3.9%), the occurrence only in advanced stages, and the association with C psittaci-infected avian populations, a causal relationship between chlamydiae and atherosclerosis in pet birds is rather improbable. 相似文献
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Oral lufenuron is reportedly an effective treatment for some cats with dermatophytosis. The purpose of this study was to determine if lufenuron, when used as a pre-treatment prior to challenge exposure, would be protective against the development of infection after the direct topical application of fungal macrocondia (Microsporum canis spores). Three groups (n = 6/group) of juvenile cats were treated with either monthly oral lufenuron (30 or 133 mg/kg) or placebo. After 2 months of treatment, kittens were challenged using 10(5)Microsporum canis spores applied to the skin under occlusion. Cats were examined weekly and the following data collected: Wood's lamp examination; scoring for scale/crust, erythema and induration; lesion size; and the development of satellite lesions. Fungal cultures were performed bi-weekly. All cats became infected; the infections progressed, and then regressed, in a similar fashion in all groups. There were no consistent statistically significant differences in weekly infection scores between treated and untreated cats throughout the study. Treated cats did not recover faster than untreated cats. We conclude that oral lufenuron at the dosing schedule and conditions used in this study did not prevent dermatophytosis or alter the course of infection by direct topical challenge. 相似文献
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Hird DW Lloyd KC McCurdy SA Schenker MB Troidl JJ Kass PH 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2008,35(2):219-224
This article reviews the history of public-health education at the University of California, Davis, from the inception of the Master of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Program in the School of Veterinary Medicine through the creation of the Master of Public Health Program offered jointly by the Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine. The long history of collaborative teaching and research between the schools, as well as the university's close proximity to and relationship with numerous university-affiliated and state public-health agencies, has created remarkable opportunities for novel and creative public-health education. The university is already anticipating the approval of a School of Public Health on its campus, which will create even more educational opportunities in both human and veterinary public-health disciplines. Given the projected shortfall of veterinarians entering such fields, the opportunity of a novel Doctor of Public Health degree program specifically suited to the needs of veterinary medicine is also discussed as a means of addressing this shortage. 相似文献
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Schenker R Bowman D Epe C Cody R Seewald W Strehlau G Junquera P 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,145(1-2):90-93
Two studies were performed to examine the efficacy of milbemycin oxime against fourth-stage larvae or adults of Toxocara cati. In the study to determine efficacy against fourth-stage larvae, 20 domestic shorthair cats were inoculated with 500 embryonated eggs. Four weeks after inoculation, the animals were allocated to two groups, and cats in one group were treated with medicated tablets containing 4 mg milbemycin oxime and 10mg praziquantel (MILBEMAX) and cats in the other group with placebo tablets. Seven days after treatment the animals were euthanatized and necropsied for worm counting. The number of worms found was significantly (p=0.0002) lower in cats treated with medicated tablets than in cats treated with placebo tablets. The reduction in the number of worms was 96.53%. In the study to determine efficacy against mature adult worms, 13 kittens were inoculated with T. cati embryonated eggs. On day 45 after inoculation and after the infection had been confirmed through faecal examinations for 11 out of the 13 animals, the 11 infected animals were allocated to two groups and treated as in the first study. Seven days after treatment, all animals were euthanatized and necropsied for worm counting. The number of worms found was significantly (p=0.0043) lower in kittens treated with medicated tablets than in kittens treated with placebo tablets. The reduction in the number of worms was 95.90%. No adverse effects were recorded during either study. It is concluded that the milbemycin oxime-praziquantel tablets that were used are efficacious for the control of T. cati infections in cats. 相似文献
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The aim of this investigation was to determine the efficacy of milbemycin oxime in preventing the oesophageal encapsulation of Spirocerca lupi, following the experimental infection of dogs. Two studies were conducted which involved a total of 21 purpose-bred Beagles. Each dog was infected with approximately 40, third stage infective S. lupi larvae. The larvae were dissected from scarabaeid beetles that had been collected from areas endemic for spirocercosis. In the first study, milbemycin oxime (minimum dose 0.5mg/kg body weight) was administered to seven dogs on day 30 post-infection. Seven other dogs served as untreated controls. In the second study, milbemycin oxime (also at a minimum dose of 0.5mg/kg body weight) was administered to four of seven infected dogs on day 28 post-infection. Treatment was repeated at 14- or 28-day intervals. All of the dogs, from both studies, were euthanized 168 or 169 days after infection. All S. lupi were recovered, and lesions in the thoracic aorta and oesophagus were described and quantified. A single treatment with milbemycin oxime was 79.8% effective in preventing the establishment of S. lupi in the oesophagus. This treatment significantly (p<0.05) reduced both the number of S. lupi within the oesophagus and the size of the oesophageal nodules. The efficacy of anthelmintic treatment was increased to 100% when repeat doses of milbemycin oxime were administered at 14- or 28-day intervals. These repeat treatments completely prevented the establishment of S. lupi within the oesophagus and thereby averted the development of oesophageal nodules. As expected, none of the treatment protocols reduced S. lupi related damage within the aorta because the administration of milbemycin oxime only began after the larvae had completed their first stage of migration. 相似文献
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Breijo M Isnardi F Brauer M Schenker R Ferrari M Ferreira AM 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,181(2-4):341-344
The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of lufenuron, a benzylphenylurea with ability to interfere with the formation of insect exoskeleton, as a therapeutic drug for larval echinococcosis (hydatid disease). For this purpose lufenuron, alone or in combination with albendazole, was administered to CD1 mice bearing Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts in the peritoneal cavity. Neither of the drugs alone was able to exert parasiticidal effects. However, in combination with albendazole, lufenuron reduced the growth of cysts (30-40% in cyst diameter respect to control, p<0.05). This effect was associated with ultrastructural alterations of the hydatid cyst wall and a reduction of the content of myo-inositol-hexakisphosphate, the major component of the electron dense granules of the laminated layer. Overall, this work provides evidence that lufenuron could represent a useful compound for the use in chemotherapy against larval echinococcosis, by enhancing albendazole parasiticidal activity. 相似文献
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Bourguinat C Keller K Blagburn B Schenker R Geary TG Prichard RK 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,176(4):374-381
Macrocyclic lactone (ML) molecules have been used for heartworm control for more than 25 years. However, in recent years, there have been reports of loss of efficacy of ML heartworm preventatives against Dirofilaria immitis in some locations in the United States. Macrocyclic lactone resistance is a common problem in nematode parasites of livestock, and more recently, evidence of ivermectin resistance has been reported in the human filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus. In this study, four D. immitis sample groups from the United States with different treatment histories were investigated for evidence of ML-driven genetic selection. DNA from individual adult worms and microfilariae was amplified by polymerase chain reaction to investigate a gene encoding a P-glycoprotein, a protein class known to be involved in ML pharmacology. A significant correlation of a GG-GG genotype with ivermectin response phenotype was found. Moreover, a significant loss of heterozygosity was found in a low responder group; loss of heterozygosity is commonly seen in loci when a population has been under selection. Further studies are required to confirm ML resistance in heartworm populations. However, the genetic changes observed in this study may be useful as a marker to monitor for ML resistance in D. immitis. 相似文献
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Schenker R Tinembart O Humbert-Droz E Cavaliero T Yerly B 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,112(3):249-254
Speed of kill and percentage kill of nitenpyram (CAPSTAR) was compared to fipronil (Frontline) spot-on), imidacloprid (Bayvantage/Advantage), selamectin (Stronghold/Revolution) and cythioate (Cyflee) against adult fleas on cats and dogs 3 and 8h post-treatment. Selamectin was used on dogs only; cythioate was used on cats only. Groups of eight cats and eight dogs (four males and four females each) were experimentally infested with 100 unfed fleas 1 day prior to treatment with the test products. One group of cats and one group of dogs served as control. Fleas were collected from four cats and four dogs in each group (two males and two females) by combing 3h after treatment, the remaining four cats or dogs were combed 8h after treatment. In cats cythioate treatment resulted in a mean efficacy of 62.4 and 97.4% at 3 and 8h post-treatment, respectively. Imidacloprid efficacy at the same times was 26.9 and 82.8%, whereas fipronil efficacy was 24.3 and 62.6% efficacy, respectively. In dogs mean efficacy 3 and 8h after treatment with selamectin was 39.7 and 74.4%; with imidacloprid efficacy was 22.2 and 95.7%, respectively and 35.9 and 46.5%, respectively after treatment with fipronil. Nitenpyram was 100% effective in cats and 99.1% effective in dogs within 3h of treatment and 100% effective in cats and dogs within 8h. 相似文献