Reproductive roles predict sexual dimorphism in internal and external morphology of lake whitefish,Coregonus clupeaformis     

S. J. Casselman  A. I. Schulte‐Hostedde 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2004,13(3):217-222

Abstract – The different reproductive roles of the sexes can predict the direction and magnitude of sexual dimorphism of external and internal morphology. Males should have enlarged structures that enhance the acquisition of mating opportunities, whereas females are predicted to have enlarged organs that are associated with the production of eggs. We tested these predictions in male and female lake whitefish, a species in which both sexes have similar overall body size and shape. After controlling for body size, male lake whitefish had significantly longer jaws and pectoral and pelvic fins, larger hearts, and more muscle than females. Sexual dimorphism in relative muscle mass may be one of the most fundamental morphological differences between males and females. Females had relatively heavier livers than males. Because the liver is important for the breakdown of fats and vitellogenesis, selection should favour an enlarged liver in females for the processing of energy and the production of large numbers of eggs.  相似文献   

Avian care and husbandry.     

Michelle S Schulte  Agnes E Rupley 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2004,7(2):315-50, vi-vii

Birds are becoming more popular as pets, and the need for veterinary professionals to learn more about these pets is crucial. This article introduces the veterinary staff to basic information required to provide high-quality care to avian patients. High-quality nutrition for a variety of species and ages is included in this article. The importance of proper husbandry and intellectual stimulation with toys is also discussed. Special emphasis is placed on instructions for clients when making appointments, as well as recognizing signs of illness for both clients and veterinary staff. Capture, restraint, and sample collection are an important part of this article, as well as medication administration, anesthesia, supportive care, preventive care and grooming. A variety of aspects concerning the care of the avian patient are covered for the benefit of the client and veterinary technician.  相似文献   

A review of the role of excess soil moisture conditions in constraining farm practices under Atlantic conditions     

R. P. O. Schulte  R. Fealy  R. E. Creamer  W. Towers  T. Harty  R. J. A. Jones 《Soil Use and Management》2012,28(4):580-589

The Less Favoured Area (LFA) scheme is a major element of the EU Rural Development Policy, aimed at supporting farming in areas with natural handicaps or low soil productivity. It has been in place since 1975 and accounts for 14% of total Community funding. In 2003, the European Court of Auditors recommended that the socio‐economic criteria on which the current scheme is based be replaced by biophysical criteria. Reviews of the proposals suggest that in Atlantic climates of Northwest Europe, the new criteria do not delineate adequately areas where agricultural productivity is constrained by the biophysical environment and that such areas are instead demarcated by the occurrence of excess soil moisture conditions. In this paper, we review the impact of excess soil moisture conditions on the sustainability of farming systems and their role in constraining strategic and tactical farm management practices. In particular, we review the scientific evidence on the impact of excess soil moisture conditions on herbage growth, herbage utilization, farm operations and environmental sustainability. On the basis of this, we propose an additional biophysical criterion for the new delineation of LFAs, namely the length of time that soil water is in excess of field capacity (‘field capacity days’). While there is no clear threshold for field capacity days above which agricultural sustainability is acutely constrained, the evidence reviewed in this paper suggests that the sustainability of intensive livestock farming and tillage systems is particularly challenging in scenarios where the 80 percentile of field capacity days exceeds 220–230 days.  相似文献   

A novel fluorescent pH probe for expression in plants     

Alexander Schulte  Inken Lorenzen  Markus Böttcher  Christoph Plieth 《Plant methods》2006,2(1):7-13

Background  

The pH is an important parameter controlling many metabolic and signalling pathways in living cells. Recombinant fluorescent pH indicators (pHluorins) have come into vogue for monitoring cellular pH. They are derived from the most popular Aequorea victoria GFP (Av-GFP). Here, we present a novel fluorescent pH reporter protein from the orange seapen Ptilosarcus gurneyi (Pt-GFP) and compare its properties with pHluorins for expression and use in plants.  相似文献   

Abscisic acid relations and the response of Populus trichocarpa stomata to leaf water potential     

Schulte PJ  Hinkley TM 《Tree physiology》1987,3(2):103-113

The role of abscisic acid (ABA) in the mediation of stomatal responses to low leaf water potential was examined with intact plants and epidermal strips of Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray. Clones of this species grown under well-watered conditions maintain a high leaf conductance when the foliage wilts. However, foliar ABA concentration in P. trichocarpa increased manyfold in response to water stress as it did also in P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. and P. trichocarpa x deltoides hybrids. Application of ABA to epidermal strips appeared to cause solute leakage, however stomata of P. trichocarpa remained partially open even when the guard cells were plasmolyzed. Foliar application of ABA induced closure of stomata in young expanding leaves, but not in fully expanded foliage. Ten days after ABA application, stomata on young leaves were open at high water potential but closed at low water potential. These characteristics are discussed with respect to wilty mutants of tomato and potato, which also have stomata unresponsive to leaf wilting.  相似文献   

Correction to: Nordic forest management towards climate change mitigation: time dynamic temperature change impacts of wood product systems including substitution effects     

Schulte  Maximilian  Jonsson  Ragnar  Hammar  Torun  Stendahl  Johan  Hansson  Per-Anders 《European Journal of Forest Research》2022,141(5):865-866

European Journal of Forest Research -  相似文献   

Nordic forest management towards climate change mitigation: time dynamic temperature change impacts of wood product systems including substitution effects     

Schulte  Maximilian  Jonsson  Ragnar  Hammar  Torun  Stendahl  Johan  Hansson  Per-Anders 《European Journal of Forest Research》2022,141(5):845-863

European Journal of Forest Research - Climate change mitigation trade-offs between increasing harvests to exploit substitution effects versus accumulating forest carbon sequestration complicate...  相似文献   

Assessment of Human Exposures to Animal Vaccines Using Poison Control Records, 2000–2009     

L. Edison  J. Schulte  J. Schauben  R. Kay  C. Rubin 《Zoonoses and public health》2014,61(3):175-180

  相似文献   

Einfluß der Probenvorbereitung auf die Adsorption von Cd und Cu in sauren Waldböden     

Andreas Schulte 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1995,158(5):465-467

Influence of Soil Sample Preparation on Cd and Cu Adsorption in Acid Forest Soils The influence of soil sample preparation on Cd and Cu adsorption was investigated using six acid forest soil samples and comparing adsorption isotherms for fresh and air-dried samples. While no influence of sample preparation on Cd adsorption capacity was found, air-drying resulted in a significant decrease in Cu adsorption density in all six soil samples under investigation at ecotoxicologically relevant concentrations in the soil solution.  相似文献   

Entwicklung der Niederschlags-Deposition von Schwermetallen in West-Deutschland. 1. Blei und Cadmium     

Andreas Schulte  Arpad Balazs  Joachim Block  Joachim Gehrmann 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1996,159(4):377-383

Development of heavy-metal deposition by precipitation in West Germany. 1. Lead and cadmium Between 1984 and 1993 the deposition of Pb and Cd with bulk precipitation was measured on 25 open field sites in 4 German federal states. The absolute amount of Pb and Cd deposition varies according to field sites and annual precipitation. In all studied areas, however, Pb deposition via bulk precipitation decreased significantly during the observation period. Considering all research areas under study, the average Pb deposition with bulk precipitation fell from 142 g ha^?1 in 1984 to 31 g ha^?1 in 1993 (r = ?0.934***). This decrease in Pb deposition correlates with the prognosticated decline in Pb emissions that occurred in Germany during the same time period owing to the introduction of unleaded motor fuels in 1984. Average Cd deposition on all research stations fell from 3.4 g ha^?1 in 1984 to 2.0 g ha^?1 in 1993 (r = ?0.900***). However, in contrast to Pb, the reduction of Cd deposition was significant only at 11 of 25 research stations. The reduction in Cd deposition with precipitation is substantially lower than the reduction in Cd emissions prognosticated.  相似文献