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Karol A. Mathews DVM DVSc Melanie J. Brooks RVT Anne E. Valliant BSC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》1996,6(1):33-43
A one year prospective study was conducted to determine the association between intravenous catheter contamination and increased dwell time, and to identify any related risk factors. Intravenous catheters obtained from 23 cats and 98 dogs in the Intensive Care Unit at the Ontario Veterinary College with dwell times > 72 hours for the test group (n=58) and < 72 hours for a corresponding control group (n=63) were cultured between April 1991 and March 1992. One hundred and twenty one catheters were cultured, 16 jugular, 99 cephalic, and 6 saphenous. The overall contamination rate was 13 out of 121 catheters cultured (10.7%); 9/63 (14.3%) control and 4/58 (6.9%) test catheters. The bacteria isolated were E.aerogenes, S.aureus (3), P.aeruginosa, P.multocida, and Bacillus sp (7). The Bacillus sp positive catheters (5 control and 2 test) were placed during a five day period, and contaminated gauze squares were identified as the source of infection in these catheters. After these were removed from the study, the group infection rate was 6.9% control and 3.6% test. There was no significant difference between groups and no associated risk factors were identified. We conclude that intravenous dwell time need not be restricted to <72 hours. 相似文献
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Gottlieb Y Markovics A Klement E Naor S Samish M Aroch I Lavy E 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,177(3-4):378-382
A total of 750 faecal samples of dairy calves at up to 2 months of age kept in various housing systems were screened for Cryptosporidium spp. infection using the aniline-carbol-methyl violet staining method. DNA was extracted from Cryptosporidium positive samples and from 150 randomly selected microscopically negative samples. Nested PCR was performed to amplify the partial SSU rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium that was subsequently digested by SspI, VspI and MboII restriction enzymes to determine the present Cryptosporidium species and genotype. In addition, the samples characterized as Cryptosporidium parvum were subsequently analyzed at the GP60 gene to determine the distribution of zoonotic subtypes. Sequence analyses and RFLP identified C. parvum in 137, Cryptosporidium andersoni in 21 and Cryptosporidium bovis in 3 samples. Neither mixed infections nor Cryptosporidium ryanae was detected. Sequencing of the GP60 gene from C. parvum-positive samples revealed all five subtypes of family IIa (A15G2R1, A16G1R1, A22G1R1, A18G1R1, and A15G1R1). The obvious management-associated distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. was demonstrated. Direct contact with adult animals was found to be a risky factor for C. andersoni and C. bovis infection. IIaA15G2R1 and IIaA16G1R1 were detected as major subtypes, whereas only the IIaA16G1R1 subtype was found in animals kept in boxes. Three of the five detected subtypes were previously associated with human cryptosporidiosis, and moreover, the IIaA15G1R1 subtype, previously reported in humans only, was detected in calves for the first time. 相似文献
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Microneurovascular Free Digital Pad Transfer in the Dog 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ANTHONY W. P. BASHER BVetMed MVSc MRCVS DiplomateACVS J. DAVID FOWLER DVM MVSc DiplomateACVS C. VAUGHAN BOWEN MB ChB FRCS EDWARD G. CLARK DVM MVSC DiplomateACVP NANCY L. CROSBY BSC AHT 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1990,19(3):226-231
By cadaver dissections, the fifth digit of the canine hind limb was determined to have a consistent neurovascular anatomy, and therefore be a suitable donor for an axial pattern digital pad flap. The defined digital pad flap was transferred to the region of an excised metacarpal pad by microneurovascular anastomoses in five operations on four dogs. One flap failure was considered to result from failure of the venous anastomosis. In all four successful transfers, cutaneous sensation was reestablished on average in 78 days. There was histologic evidence of nerve regeneration across the anastomosis in one dog at week 24. The transferred pads of three dogs monitored for 15 months underwent hypertrophic changes. There were no complications in two active dogs. In one dog, superficial ulceration of a region of the flap adjacent to the pad required surgical revision. This dog continued to show mild lameness after daily runs of 3 to 4 km. 相似文献
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Nicholas H. Dodman BVMS MRCVS DVA Linda Gray BSC Rosemarie Williams DVM Geoffrey Goldspink PHD DSC 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1985,5(1):11-15
Intracompartmental muscle pressure, temperature and pH were measured in a group of 23 anesthetized horses in an attempt to elucidate the etiology of post-anesthetic lameness (PAL). The intramuscular pressure remained reasonably constant throughout anesthesia in most horses, while muscle temperature and pH fell. Five of the horses became lame after anesthesia. Two of these lame horses exhibited atypical trends in the physiological variables measured. The etiology of PAL is discussed in the lightof the results. 相似文献
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Marla Lichtenberger DVM DACVECC ; Connie Orcutt DVM DABVP ; Carolyn Cray PhD ; Douglas H. Thamm VMD DACVIM ; Daniel DeBehnke MD FACEP ; Cheryl Page BSC CVT ; Lori Mull BSc CVT Rebecca Kirby DVM DACVIM DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2009,19(5):467-472
Objective – The purpose of this study was to determine the LD50 for acute blood loss in mallard ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos ), compare the mortality rate among 3 fluid resuscitation groups, and determine the time required for a regenerative RBC response.
Design – Prospective study.
Setting – Medical College of Wisconsin Research facility.
Animals – Eighteen mallard ducks were included for the LD50 study and 28 for the fluid resuscitation study.
Interventions – Phlebotomy was performed during both the LD50 and fluid resuscitation studies. Ducks in the fluid resuscitation study received a 5 mL/kg intravenous bolus of crystalloids, hetastarch (HES), or a hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solution (HBOCS).
Measurements and Main Results – The LD50 for acute blood loss was 60% of total blood volume. This blood volume was removed in the fluid resuscitation study to create a model of acute blood loss. Following fluid administration, 6 birds in the crystalloid group (66%), 4 birds in the HES group (40%), and 2 birds in the HBOCS group (20%) died. No statistical difference in mortality rate was seen among the 3 fluid resuscitation groups. Relative polychromasia evaluated post-phlebotomy demonstrated regeneration starting at 24 hours and continuing through 48 hours.
Conclusions – The LD50 for acute blood loss in mallard ducks was 60% of their total blood volume. Although no statistical difference in mortality rate was appreciated among the 3 fluid resuscitation groups, a trend of decreased mortality rate was observed in the HBOCS group. An early regenerative response was apparent following acute blood loss. 相似文献
Design – Prospective study.
Setting – Medical College of Wisconsin Research facility.
Animals – Eighteen mallard ducks were included for the LD
Interventions – Phlebotomy was performed during both the LD
Measurements and Main Results – The LD
Conclusions – The LD
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C. Lin G. Eshel K. E. Roehl I. Negev D. Greenwald Y. Shachar & A. Banin 《Soil Use and Management》2006,22(2):143-150
We studied the long‐term accumulation processes and material balances of phosphorus (P) in the soil/sediment profiles of large‐scale effluent recharge basins used for wastewater reclamation by the soil aquifer treatment (SAT) system. The objective was to quantify and clarify the long‐term performance of soil/sediment in the SAT system as a sorbent to filter out P from the recharged effluent. Total P concentration in the soil/sediment profiles of the Shafdan wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) increased over 25 years of operation (1977–2001) by 20–220 mg kg?1, as a result of adding loads of 0.17–6.2 kg m?2 of P. Retained P in the 0–2.0 m soil layer increased from 0.06 to 0.31 kg m?2 with increasing cumulative load of P while the retained percentage gradually decreased from 19 to 5% of the cumulative P load. Accumulation rate of P in the 0–0.15 m horizon in the basins was inversely proportional to recharge time, decreasing from ～28 mg P kg?1 year?1 during the first 3 years of operation, to <2.3 mg P kg?1 year?1 between the 20th and 25th years of operation. Thus, P content in this horizon approached a steady state after about 10–15 years of effluent recharge under the operational conditions of the Shafdan WWTP. Phosphorus concentration in deeper horizons increased at constant rates of approximately 7.8, 5.9 and 2.9 mg P kg ?1 year?1 in the 0.15–0.30, 0.30–0.60 and 1.80 to 2.10‐m horizons, respectively, over the 25 years of effluent recharge. However, the accumulation front of P appears gradually to have moved deeper in the soil profile. In general, this phenomenon may be explained by kinetic limitations to the achievement of full adsorption equilibrium for P between the flowing solution and the solid phase components of the soil. In addition, both the increase of EPC0(the equilibrium P concentration in solution at which there is no sorption or desorption to or from the soil under the given conditions), caused by long‐term effluent recharge, and gradual decrease of the annual average concentration of P in the effluent input after 1995, may result in the steady‐state level of P in the topsoil of the basin. 相似文献
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R. M. MCMURPHY DVM Diplomate ACVA D. S. HODGSON DVM Diplomate ACVA P. H. CRIBB BSC MRCVS Diplomate ACVA 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1995,24(4):352-355
Barotrauma, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum occurred in two anesthetized cats in which the waste gas outlet of a nonrebreathing circuit was occluded. To prevent any similar cases of barotrauma, we have modified our nonrebreathing circuit adapters by inserting a 15 cm H2 O PEEP valve into the gas pathway of the nonrebreathing circuit adapter. This PEEP valve prevents the circuit and airway pressures from exceeding 15 cm H2 O if the pop-off valve of the nonrebreathing circuit adapter is inadvertently left closed. 相似文献
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Field experiments were conducted to compare the effects of allelopathic sorghum cultivars ‘Enkath’ and ‘Rabeh’ at three planting densities (6.6, 13.3 and 26.6 plant m?2) on weed growth and sorghum yields in 2009 and 2010. Sorghum planting densities suppressed average weed population by 26–42% and average weed biomass by 46–57% compared with weedy check in 2009. A similar trend in the reduction in weed population and weed biomass was observed in 2010. Planting densities at 6.6, 13.3 and 26.6 plant m?2 significantly suppressed average weed population by 26, 31 and 42% and average weed biomass by 88, 91 and 96% compared with weedy check, respectively, during 2009. A similar trend in effect was also recorded during 2010. Enkath cultivar reduced average weed density and dry biomass by 25 and 44% during 2009 and by 23 and 30% in 2010 compared with Rabeh cultivar. Root exudates of Enkath inhibited more weed growth than Rabeh. Increased planting density significantly increased average grain yield of sorghum. The highest grain yield of sorghum (12.68 t ha?1) was recorded in plots in which the planting density was 26.6 plant m?2. 相似文献