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Casein hydrolyzate intramammary treatment improves the comfort behavior of cows induced into dry-off
Gabriel Leitner Shamay Jacoby Ephraim Maltz Nissim Silanikove 《Livestock Science》2007,110(3):292-297
The effectiveness of casein hydrolyzate as mean to improve the welfare of cows induced into involution was tested in high yielding cows induced into dry-off by abrupt cessation of milking. Treatment with casein hydrolysate prevented build up of udder pressure in cows induced into dry off and was clearly associated with signs (lying behavior and step numbers) that they were calmer and more comfortable than cows induced into dry off by the conventional means. We conclude that treatment with casein hydrolyzate is a viable treatment tool that can prevent the suffering associated with drying-off of high-yielding modern dairy cows. 相似文献
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Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of a commercial cultivar and wild populations of Anemone coronaria
Yonash Nissim Fang Jinggui Shamay Arik Pollak Neta Lavi Uri Cohen Avner 《Euphytica》2004,136(1):51-62
Seven wild populations of Anemonecoronaria were assessed for 11 phenotypic traits, most of them having economic value for the flower industry. The wild populations
were sampled to represent the diversity in habitats, climates, rock and soil types, terrains, and elevations in Israel. AFLP
analysis was carried out on 12 individuals from each of six out of the seven wild populations and for six individuals from
the commercial cultivar ‘Mona-Lisa’. It was found that the Dorot population, which is located in the area bordering the semi-arid
zone at the very end of the species distribution, exhibits extreme and different phenotypes with relatively low variability
compared withthe other wild populations. The other six wild populations, that grow in more favorable geographic and climatic
conditions exhibit phenotypes with larger plants, larger numbers of flowers and less dissected leaves. These populations were
less uniform than that of Dorot. Genetic characterization by AFLP markers revealed a total of 165 bands. The wild populations
exhibit wide variation within-population, with about 80% polymorphic bands and average gene diversity between pairs of about
30%. The Dorot population has the lowest genetic variation and the Megido population the highest. Thus, the phenotypic variation
reflects the genetic variation. The cultivar ‘Mona-Lisa’, as expected, has much lower genetic variation. The Dorot population
and the ‘Mona-Lisa’ cultivar were found to have the largest genetic distances from the other wild populations, and the highest
genetic variation between themselves. Phenetic analysis yielded a dendrogram describing the genetic relatedness of these populations.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
A. Shamay J. Fang N. Pollak A. Cohen N. Yonash U. Lavi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(4):821-829
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were discovered in 44 cDNA clones from leaves by comparison of the commercial cultivar
‘Mona Lisa‘ with a wild population of Anemone coronaria L. One hundred and fifty five SNPs were discovered with an average frequency of one SNP per 167 bp. Forty nine percent of
the SNPs are transitions, 43 are transversions, 26 are heterozygotes and 9% are InDels. Eighty two (68%) of the SNPs located
in the ORF, resulted in a change of amino acid while 39 (32%) did not affect the amino acid. Thirty eight SNPs (46%), which
change the amino acid, resulted in similar amino acid, while 44 SNPs (54%) resulted in a non-similar amino acid. Nine polymorphic
sites were genotyped by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) using
genomic DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of 50 individuals from six wild populations and the commercial cultivar revealed high polymorphism
within and low polymorphism between A. coronaria L. wild populations. The phylogenetic tree revealed only one clear cluster of the ‘Mona Lisa’ cultivar. All the other individuals
from the various wild populations are distributed on different nodes indicating that the genetic variation within the wild
populations is high while the commercial cultivar is quite homogenous and genetically different from all other populations. 相似文献
7.
Lignin, an important component of plant tissues, adsorbed five systemic fungicides and one herbicide (carbendazim, triadimefon, nuarimol, triarimol, fenarimol and fluometuron) more strongly than bovine serum albumin, cellulose, ethylcellulose or sodium polygalacturonate. Significant correlations were found between the extent of the adsorption of the pesticides on the lignins extracted from three different plant species, and the log Poet (Poet is the octan-1-ol/water partition coefficient) of the compounds. The more lipophilic fungicides triarimol and fenarimol (log Poet about 2.6) were adsorbed to the greatest extent. Fluometuron, triadimefon and nuarimol (log Poet about 2.0) were moderately adsorbed, whereas carbendazim with the lowest log Poet (1.34 at pH 5.0), was adsorbed more than expected from its Poet value. The anomaly of carbendazim is discussed; it is ascribed to it's partial protonation at pH 5.0, whereas the other pesticides were non-ionised. 相似文献
8.
A lethal disease characterized by hemorrhage and necrosis of the brain, testes, and epididymides developed in young adult rats housed in specific pathogen free quarters. Morphological, virological, and serological investigations of the outbreak indicated that the probable causative agent was rat virus (Kilham), a common parvovirus of rats that usually induces persistent, asymptomatic infection in adult rats. 相似文献
9.
G. Adin R. Solomon E. Shoshani I. Flamenbaum M. Nikbachat E. Yosef A. Zenou I. Halachmi A. Shamay A. Brosh S.J. Mabjeesh J. Miron 《Livestock Science》2008,119(1-3):145-153
The objective of this study was to measure the effect of feeding two total mixed rations (TMRs), differing in their roughage content and in vitro dry matter digestibility, on the respiratory rate, body temperature, eating behavior and energy balance of lactating cows. The partitioning of metabolizable energy intake (MEI) between heat production (HP) and retained energy (RE) of cows held under heat load conditions was measured. Forty-two lactating cows were divided into two similar sub-groups, each of 21 animals, and were fed either a control (CON) ration containing 18% roughage neutral detergent fiber (NDF) or an experimental (EXP) TMR that contained 12% roughage NDF and used soy hulls as partial wheat silage replacer. The in vitro DM digestibility of the CON and EXP TMRs was 75.3 and 78.6%, respectively (P < 0.05). The EXP diet reduced rectal temperature and respiratory rate of the cows while increasing their number of meals per day by 32.7% as compared with the CON fed cows, and these meals were shorter in duration and were eaten faster. The EXP diet increased total DM intake from 19.6 to 21.5 kg/cow/d, milk yield from 32.3 to 34.6 kg, and yield of energy corrected milk from 30.9 to 32.2 kg, as compared with the CON group. Cows fed the EXP TMR had increased RE in milk and body tissue, as compared with the CON group, but the diets had no effect on the measured HP that was maintained similar (121 vs. 127 MJ/cow/d) in the two groups. The measured MEI (MEI = RE + HP) and the efficiency of MEI utilization for RE production, were similar in the two dietary groups. 相似文献
10.
P. Felker C.T. Sorensson D. Ueckert P. Jacoby E. Singer R. Ohm 《Agroforestry Systems》1998,42(2):159-179
Seventy seedlots of Leucaena leucocephala, L. pallida, L. diversifolia, L. retusa, L. esculenta, L. confertifolia, L. greggii
and L. pulverulenta and various hybrid combinations were examined for survival to freezing weather, biomass production, leaf
protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility in Texas. Three sites along a 600 km north-south transect were chosen
to provide a wide range in exposure to freezing weather. The minimum temperature on the warmer Three Rivers site was −7 °C
while the minimum temperatures on the colder Vernon site was −14 °C. At the Three Rivers site where −7 °C temperatures occurred
and where forage production was a priority and some winter frost damage was not a problem, L. leucocephala K636 and hybrids
containing L. diversifolia and L. pallida have the most promise. If total lack of damage to −7 °C is essential, species such
as L. retusa, L. pulverulenta (seedlot 61, 62) and hybrids such as L. retusa × L. greggii (53) and L. retusa × L. pulverulenta
(55) have the greatest potential. This study examined only one family from each of the cold-hardy species as a parent in the
promising hybrids. As extensive intraspecific genetic variation is present within these leucaena species there is great potential
to find hybrids with much better combinations of cold hardiness, forage production, leaf protein and dry matter digestibility.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献