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Suzuki K Abe I Iwabuchi S Tsumagari S Matsumoto T Asano R 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(8):699-703
After intravenous (i.v.) infusion of various volumes of 1.35%-isotonic sodium bicarbonate solution (ISB), acid-base equilibrium, blood pressure, plasma volume and biochemical parameters in healthy Holstein calves were studied. Four calves each were randomly assigned to the low-dose (LD; i.v. infusion of 5 ml/kg ISB), middle-dose (MD; i.v. infusion of 10 ml/kg ISB) and the high-dose groups (HD; i.v. infusion of 15 ml/kg ISB). Administration volumes of ISB in the LD, MD and HD groups were decided based on the first half volumes of 5, 10 and 15 mEq of base requirement by the acceptable equation. Systemic, pulmonary artery and central venous pressures, cardiac output and plasma osmotic pressure were not changed by ISB infusion and remained constant throughout the experiment for all groups. There was good correlation (r(2) = 0.950) between relative changes in base excess and infused volume of bicarbonate (y=2.491x). The coefficient of distribution for bicarbonate ions was calculated to be 0.401 (=1/2.491). Therefore, it is suggested that a value of 0.4 would be most appropriate when calculating the base requirements in calves. Therefore, the first half volumes of ISB correcting base deficits of 5, 10 and 15 mEq in calves were estimated to be 6, 12 and 18 ml/kg, respectively. On the basis of the findings in this study, ISB may be used to correct metabolic acidosis without altering the plasma osmotic pressure, hemodynamic status and respiratory function in the calves. 相似文献
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CO2 concentration in a marine phytoplankton, Nannochloropsis sp., culture medium was observed to consider whether or not CO2 defficiency for growth occurs in the culture medium of a mass culture. In the first experiment, the Nannochloropsis sp. culture was continued for 4–5 days and the CO2 concentration was observed three times a day, namely, the initial, middle and end of the light period. While, in the second experiment, the CO2 concentration was observed every 2–3 hr for 24 hr on the second day after inoculation. In the first experiment, the total CO2 concentration decreased gradually throughout the culture period, repeating its decrease and increase in the light and dark periods, respectively. At the end of the light period of the third day after inoculation, the CO2 concentration decreased to concentrations which could not be determined. In the second experiment, the CO2 concentration decreased in the light period, and increased in the dark period. The increment in the dark period was faster at heavier aeration. It was considered that some kind of carbon source should be supplied to obtain high density of Nannochloropsis sp. ealier under strong light intensity. 相似文献
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Lignin characteristics of bast fiber and core in kenaf, bark and wood of paper mulberry and mulberry
The structural features of bast fiber and core lignins in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), bark and wood lignin of paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent × Broussonetia kazinoki Sieb.) and mulberry (Morus bombycis) were characterized by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation, ozonation and methoxyl group determination. Bj?rkman lignins were
isolated from bast fiber and core, and bark and wood fractions of the plant samples, and structural characteristics were investigated
by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopies. Kenaf bast fiber gave very high molar ratio of syringaldehyde to vanillin (S/V) of alkaline nitrobenzene
oxidation products, while methoxyl content was about the same as that of the core fraction. Results of 1H NMR and 13C NMR of Bj?rkman lignin suggested the presence of aliphatic fragments in lignins isolated from paper mulberry and mulberry
bark, but not in kenaf bast fiber. The lower yield of alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation products from bast fiber and bark might
be due to the higher content of condensed structure of lignin compared to core fraction. Total yield of erythronic (E) and threonic (T) acids of ozonation products and the molar ratio of erythronic acid to threonic acid (E/T) of the bast fibers and bark were lower than the corresponding core and wood fractions, suggesting that the contents of arylglycerol-β-aryl
ether intermonomer linkages in the bast fiber and bark lignin were lower than those of the core and wood fractions. Methoxyl
content of bark lignin was lower than the corresponding wood lignin. The methoxyl content of the extract-free kenaf bast fiber
was similar to that of the core fraction, while the values of paper mulberry and mulberry bark were about one-half of the
corresponding wood fractions, respectively. In bark lignins, the methoxyl contents of Klason lignin and Bj?rkman lignin from
bark were lower than those of the extract-free barks. This result suggests that the purity of Klason lignin and Bj?rkman lignins
of bark may be rather low. 相似文献
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Changes in muscle fiber type and expression of mRNA of myosin heavy chain isoforms in porcine muscle during pre‐ and postnatal development 
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下载免费PDF全文 Masaya Katsumata Tomomi Yamaguchi Aiko Ishida Akane Ashihara 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(2):364-371
The purpose of this study is to elucidate developmental changes in muscle fiber type in the pig during pre‐ and postnatal development. For this purpose, we performed a histochemical analysis for myosin adenosine triphosphatase activity to assess muscle fiber type and determined abundances of messenger RNA (mRNA) of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. Samples of Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were taken from fetuses on day 90 of the fetal stage. Further, samples of LD, Rhomboideus and Biceps femoris (B. femoris) muscles were taken from pigs when they were 1, 12, 26, 45 or 75 days old. Expression of MHC 2b mRNA in the LD and the B. femoris muscles rapidly and considerably increased from the late fetal stage to the early postnatal stage and this increase was associated with the development of type 2b fibers at least in the LD muscle. As shown by the rapid and considerable changes in expression of MHC 2b mRNA, it seems that a certain plasticity of muscle fiber type still remains in this developmental stage. 相似文献
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Wood samples of apitong (Dipterocarpus grandiflorua) and ilang-ilang (Ilang-Ilang C. dadloyi) and feces of termites [Cryptotermes brevis (Walker)] fed on these woods were collected from University of the Philippines, Los Baňos. Lignin of each sample was isolated by Björkman’s procedure. There was no significant difference in 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra or in the methoxyl content between Björkman lignins from original woods and termite feces. Differences were detected in the contents of aliphatic and unconjugated phenolic hydroxyl groups, suggesting minor structural changes of lignin during digestion by termites. In addition, the ratio of syringyl to guaiacyl nuclei of Björkman lignin from termite feces determined by 1H NMR spectra was higher than those from the original woods. The molar ratio of syringyl to guaiacyl nuclei of termite feces was higher than those from the original woods as determined by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation. These results suggest that the structural changes of lignin in the termite gut are due to the insignificant formation of C-C linkages in guaiacyl nuclei. It was concluded that there were minor changes in the structural features of lignin under mostly anaerobic conditions, in contrast to the significant changes that occur through biological modification under aerobic conditions. 相似文献
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