Aversion of the feral pigeon and the house sparrow to pellets and sprouts treated with commercial formulations of methyl anthranilate     

Shmuel Moran 《Pest management science》2001,57(3):248-252

Two methyl anthranilate formulations, ReJex‐iT® TP‐40 and AG‐36, were tested as bird‐repelling agents for animal feed and vegetable sprouts, respectively. Feral pigeons (Columba livia) and house sparrows (Passer domesticus) are important pests of animal husbandry and field crops in Israel. In each 4‐day experiment, four birds were held together in an aviary, and were offered four trays or dishes with animal feed or cauliflower sprouts in four corners of the cage. The trays and dishes were transposed daily in a Latin square sequence. Pigeons consumed significantly more untreated feed than treated feed. When no alternative untreated food was offered, there was no significant repellency. Treatment of animal feed with TP‐40 to give 2.0 ml methyl anthranilate kg^?1 or less had no repellent effect on sparrows. Concentrations of 4.0 ml kg^?1 or more repelled the sparrows significantly. When no untreated feed was presented, pigeons and sparrows preferred the lowest concentration of methyl anthranilate presented. When AG‐36 was tested on vegetable sprouts, the sparrows tended significantly to avoid the highest concentration used—14.5 ml methyl anthranilate litre^?1 spray. The inter‐specific differences between the birds indicate that the efficacy of methyl anthranilate formulations as a repellent has to be specified for every species. This study did not determine (1) the possibility of developing habituation, (2) the behaviour of birds under natural conditions in the field, or (3) the influence of the feeding behaviour of a sympatric bird species on the repellency of methyl anthranilate to other species. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Induced spawning and artificial incubation of Tilapia     

Shmuel Rothbard  Yoel Pruginin 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1975,5(4):315-321

Methods for induced spawning and artificial incubation of Tilapia nilotica and T. aurea are described. These methods were required for the production, in aquaria, of F₁ hybrids between the two species. Spawning families were established in long aquaria from which sexually ripe individuals were selected for stripping by their “on heat” display coloration. Injections of pituitary hormones were not required. The fertilized eggs were incubated in a low speed “shaker”. At correct temperatures Tilapia fry may be produced by this artificial process all year round.  相似文献   

RADIOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN TESTES OF BULLS INFECTED WITH BESNOITIOSIS   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Uri  Bargai  VMD AB  DVSc  Theodor  Nobel  DVM†  Shmuel  Pearl  DVM† 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1984,25(5):235-239

Ten beef bulls infected with Besnoitiosis were examined radiographically and pathologically. Eight of these were slaughtered soon after diagnosis; two were left for a six-month observation period. The radiographic findings were focal and branching-tree calcification of the testes. Histopathologic examination proved these calcifications to be necrotic sections of the seminiferous tubules. Radiography of the testes as a means of evaluating the fertility status of the infected bull is recommended.  相似文献   

Anaphylaxis in dogs and cats     

Daniella L. Shmuel DVM  Yonaira Cortes DVM  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2013,23(4):377-394

  相似文献   

Eight New Peptaibols from Sponge-Associated Trichoderma atroviride     

Irina Panizel  Oded Yarden  Micha Ilan  Shmuel Carmeli 《Marine drugs》2013,11(12):4937-4960

Eight new and four known peptaibols were isolated from a strain of the fungus, Trichoderma atroviride (NF16), which was cultured from an Axinellid sponge collected from the East Mediterranean coast of Israel. The structures of the pure compounds were determined using HRMS, MS/MS and one- and two-dimensional NMR measurements. The isolated compounds belong to the trichorzianines, a family of 19-residue linear hydrophobic peptides containing a high proportion of α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), an acetylated N-terminus and a C-terminal amino alcohol. These new peptaibols exhibited antimicrobial activity against environmental bacteria isolated from the Mediterranean coast of Israel.  相似文献   

Effects of a shading screen on microclimate and crop water requirements     

Markus Möller  Shmuel Assouline 《Irrigation Science》2007,25(2):183-181

Despite the steadily increasing area under protected agriculture there is a current lack of knowledge about the effects of the 30% black shading screen on microclimate and crop water requirements. Meteorological and lysimeter measurements inside a screenhouse planted with sweet pepper were compared to external reference data. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) was calculated from yield records Y and water meter readings I _applied. Shading reduced mean global radiation R _G by more than 40%, and the screen transmissivity τ _screen was shown to vary with solar elevation angle β. Wind speed inside the screenhouse u _in was reduced by more than 50%. Crop water requirements ET _c were 38% lower than estimates for an open field crop, suggesting a significant water saving potential when using screenhouses. However, the screen did not significantly modify maximum temperature T _max and daily vapor pressure deficit. The FAO-Penman–Monteith approach based on meteorological measurements in the screenhouse accurately predicted daily crop evapotranspiration, and was in close agreement with lysimeter measurements. IWUE was relatively high (10.7 kg m⁻³ in 2004 and 13.5 kg m⁻³ in 2005), but additional research is required to quantify the effect of shading on yield as well as to determine the water saving potential of other commonly used screens. Contribution no. 603/06 from the Agricultural Research Organization An erratum to this article can be found at  相似文献   

A novel approach to denitrification processes in a zero-discharge recirculating system for small-scale urban aquaculture   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Alon Singer  Shmuel Parnes  Amit Gross  Amir Sagi  Asher Brenner   《Aquacultural Engineering》2008,39(2-3):72-77

This paper presents an innovative process to solve the nitrate build-up problem in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). The novel aspects of the process lie in a denitrification bioreactor system that uses solid cotton wool as the primary carbon source and a unique degassing chamber. In the latter, the water is physically stripped of dissolved gaseous O₂ (by means of a Venturi vacuum tube), and the subsequent denitrification becomes more efficient due to elimination of the problems of oxygen inhibition of denitrification and aerobic consumption of cotton wool. The cotton wool medium also serves as a physical barrier that traps organic particles, which, in turn, act as an additional carbon source for denitrification. Operation in the proposed system gives an extremely low C/N ratio of 0.82 g of cotton wool/g of nitrate N, which contributes to a significant reduction of biofilter volume. The additional advantage of using solid cotton wool as the carbon source is that it does not release organic residuals into the liquid to be recycled. Operation of the system over a long period consistently produced effluents with low nitrate levels (below 10 mg N/l), and there was only a very small need to replace system water. The overall treatment scheme, also incorporating an aerobic nitrification biofilter and a granular filtration device, produced water of excellent quality, i.e., with near-zero levels of nitrite and ammonia, a sufficiently high pH for aquaculture, and low turbidity. The proposed system thus provides a solution for sustainable small-scale, urban aquaculture operation with a very high recovery of water (over 99%) and minimal waste disposal.  相似文献   

The toxicity of difenacoum and difethialone to the rock hyrax,Procavia capensis     

Shmuel Moran  Shaul Sofer 《Pest management science》1995,44(3):305-307

Rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis) were individually caged and were given two second-generation anticoagulants, difenacoum and difethialone, in fresh sliced apple bait. Mortality caused by 0.1-0.2 g kg^?1 difenacoum bait was rather low: 0/6, 1/4 and 2/4 only. As a relatively high concentration in the bait was required, the use of difenacoum in the field is not possible because of environmental considerations. Mortality caused by 0.05 g kg^?1 difethialone bait was 5/6, and by 0.065 g kg^?1 6/6. The potential of using difethialone in the field is uncertain because of the prolonged treatment needed.  相似文献   

Checklist of vertebrate damage to agriculture in Israel,updated for 1993–2001     

Moran  Shmuel 《Phytoparasitica》2003,31(2):109-117

The checklist of vertebrate pest species responsible for economic damage to agriculture production in Israel, which was first published in 1993, has been updated for 1993–2001. During this period new crop types have been damaged by these pests, and they have been added to the checklist. Four new bird pest species were also added:Carduelis chloris, Anas platyrhinchos, Larus ridibundus andPelecanus onocrotalus. Thus the number of economically significant vertebrate species is now 65 (27 mammalian, 36 avian and two reptilian species). Cases of depredation in forestry and pasture, which were not included in the former list, were also added. The significance of the compiled data in assisting with farm management decision is also discussed. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 29, 2003.  相似文献   

Thermo-FTIR spectroscopic study of the siderophore ferrioxamine B: spectral analysis and stereochemical implications of iron chelation, pH, and temperature     

Siebner-Freibach H  Yariv S  Lapides Y  Hadar Y  Chen Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(9):3434-3443

FTIR spectra of the microbial siderophore, ferrioxamine B, and its nonchelated form (iron free; desferrioxamine B) were studied to facilitate in-depth investigation on the undisrupted structure of the siderophore and its interactions with the environment. Effects of iron chelation as well as those of various levels of pH and temperature on the stereochemical structure of the free ligand and the ferric complex were examined. The presence of a number of functional groups in these compounds and the mutual interaction between them resulted in significant shifts and overlapping of their characteristic absorption bands. Thermal and pH treatments combined with a comprehensive use of curve-fitting analysis facilitated bands resolution. Absorption bands of all functional groups were identified. The results imply that the compact and rigid structure of the ferric complex (ferrioxamine B) is sustained by intense and specific intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Dehydration was the main process observed at low temperature (25-60 degrees C). At 105 degrees C the free ligand form (desferrioxamine B) had already begun to decompose, whereas ferrioxamine B exhibited stability. The thermal destruction became acute at the 170 degrees C treatment for both molecules. The secondary amide groups and the hydroxamate groups, which comprise the binding site for the Fe atom in the complex, were found to be the most sensitive to the thermal degradation. Significant pH effects were observed only for desferrioxamine B samples at pH 9, accompanied by partial decomposition, similar to that observed at 105 degrees C. Deprotonation of desferrioxamine B was found to begin with the deprotonation of the NH(3+) group. Characteristics of the rigid conformational structure of the ferric complex and the state of the NH(3+) group, both assumed to play an important role in the recognition and uptake of the siderophore by membranal receptors, were elaborated by means of FTIR and are discussed in detail.  相似文献