Metabolism of fenitrothion by organophosphorus-resistant and -susceptible house flies, Musca domestica L     

Masashi Ugaki  Toshio Shono  Jun-ichi Fukami 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1985,23(1):33-40

The metabolism of fenitrothion was investigated in highly resistant (Akita-f) and susceptible (SRS) strains of the house fly, Musca domestica L. The Akita-f strain was 3500 times more resistant to fenitrothion than the SRS strain. Fenitrothion, topically applied to the flies, was metabolized in vivo far faster in the Akita-f strain than in the SRS strain. In vitro studies revealed that fenitrothion was metabolized by a cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system and glutathione S-transferases. The former oxidase system metabolized fenitrothion in vitro into fenitrooxon and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol as major metabolites, and into 3-hydroxymethyl-fenitrothion and 3-hydroxymethyl-fenitrooxon as minor metabolites. Glutathione S-transferases metabolized fenitrothion into desmethylfenitrothion. The cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system and glutathione S-transferases of the resistant Akita-f strain had 1.4 to 2.2 times and 9.7 times, respectively, as great activities as those of the susceptible SRS strain. These results suggest the importance of glutathione S-transferases in fenitrothion resistance in the Akita-f strain.  相似文献   

Efficiency of the finite correction of Akaike's Information Criteria   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Hiroshi Shono 《Fisheries Science》2000,66(3):608-610

  相似文献   

Application of the Tweedie distribution to zero-catch data in CPUE analysis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Hiroshi Shono   《Fisheries Research》2008,93(1-2):154-162

We focus on the zero-catch problem of CPUE (catch per unit effort) standardization. Because the traditional CPUE model with a log-normal error structure cannot be applied in this case, three methods have often been utilized as follows:

(1) Ad hoc method adds a small constant value to all response variables.

(2) Catch model with a Poisson or negative-binomial (NB) error structure.

(3) Delta-type two-step method such as the delta-normal model (after estimating the ratio of zero-catch using a logit or probit model, a model such as CPUE log-normal or Catch-Poisson is applied to CPUE without zero-data).

However, there are some statistical problems with each of these methods.In this paper, we carried out the CPUE standardization mainly using the Tweedie distribution model based on the actual by-catch data (silky shark, Carcharhimus falciformis, in the North Pacific Ocean caught by Japanese training vessels) including many observations with zero-catch (>2/3rd) and tuna fishery data as a target (yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, in the Indian Ocean caught by Japanese commercial vessels) where the ratio of zero-catch is not so high (<1/3rd). The Tweedie model is an extension of compound Poisson model derived from the stochastic process where the weight of the counted objects (i.e., number of fish) has a gamma distribution and has an advantage of handling the zero-catch data in a unified way.We also compared four candidate models, the Catch-NB model, ad hoc method, Delta-lognormal model (delta-type two-step method) and Tweedie distribution, through CPUE analyses of actual fishery data in terms of the statistical performance. Square error and Pearson's correlation coefficient were calculated based on the observed CPUE and the corresponding predicted CPUE using the n-fold cross-validation.As a result, the differences in the trend of CPUE between years and model performance between the ad hoc method and Tweedie model were found to be not so large in the example of yellowfin tuna (target species). However, the statistical performance of Tweedie distribution is rather better than Delta-lognormal model, the Catch-NB distribution and ad hoc method in the example of silky shark (by-catch species). Standardized CPUE year trend of ad hoc method was found to be quite different from that of the Tweedie distribution and other two models. Model performance of the Tweedie distribution is good judging from the 5-fold cross-validation using the fishery data if including many zero-catch data such as by-catch species.  相似文献   

Meteorological factors affecting seroconversion of Akabane disease in sentinel calves in the subtropical Okinawa Islands of Japan     

Hayama  Yoko  Yanase  Tohru  Suzuki  Moemi  Unten  Kazuhiko  Tomochi  Hisayuki  Kakehi  Mayu  Shono  Yukina  Yamamoto  Takehisa  Kobayashi  Sota  Murai  Kiyokazu  Tsutsui  Toshiyuki 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(1):209-215

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Akabane virus, the pathogen-causing Akabane disease, is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) transmitted by the Culicoides biting midge. A nationwide...  相似文献   

Indoxacarb resistance in the house fly, Musca domestica     

Toshio Shono 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2004,80(2):106-112

Indoxacarb (DPX-MP062) is a recently introduced oxadiazine insecticide with activity against a wide range of pests, including house flies. It is metabolically decarbomethoxylated to DCJW. Selection of field collected house flies with indoxacarb produced a New York indoxacarb-resistant (NYINDR) strain with >118-fold resistance after three generations. Resistance in NYINDR could be partially overcome with the P450 inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO), but the synergists diethyl maleate and S,S,S-tributyl phosphorothioate did not alter expression of the resistance, suggesting P450 monooxygenases, but not esterases or glutathione S-transferases are involved in the indoxacarb resistance. Conversely, the NYINDR strain showed only 3.2-fold resistance to DCJW, and this resistance could be suppressed with PBO. Only limited levels of cross-resistance were detected to pyrethroid, organophosphate, carbamate or chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in NYINDR. Indoxacarb resistance in the NYINDR strain was inherited primarily as a completely recessive trait. Analysis of the phenotypes vs. mortality data revealed that the major factor for indoxacarb resistance is located on autosome 4 with a minor factor on autosome 3. It appears these genes have not previously been associated with insecticide resistance.  相似文献   

Metabolism of permethrin isomers in American cockroach adults,house fly adults,and cabbage looper larvae     

Toshio Shono  Tadaaki Unai  John E. Casida 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1978,9(1):96-106

Forty-two insect metabolites of [1RS,trans]-and [1RS,cis]-permethrin are tentatively identified in studies with Periplaneta americana adults, Musca domestica adults, and Trichoplusia ni larvae involving administration of ¹⁴C preparations labeled in either the alcohol or acid moieties. The less-insecticidal trans isomer is generally metabolized more rapidly than the more-insecticidal cis isomer, particularly in cabbage looper larvae, and metabolites retaining the ester linkage appear in larger amount with cis-permethrin. Although the dichlorovinyl group effectively blocks oxidation in the acid side chain, the permethrin isomers are metabolized by hydrolysis and hydroxylation at the geminal-dimethyl group (either trans- or cis-methyl substituent) and the phenoxybenzyl group (predominantly at the 4′-position in all species but also at the 6-position in house flies). The alcoholic and phenolic metabolites are excreted as glucosides, and the carboxylic acids are excreted as glucosides and amino conjugates (glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, and serine) with considerable species variation in the preferred conjugating moiety.  相似文献   

Room-temperature ferromagnetism in transparent transition metal-doped titanium dioxide     

Matsumoto Y  Murakami M  Shono T  Hasegawa T  Fukumura T  Kawasaki M  Ahmet P  Chikyow T  Koshihara S  Koinuma H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,291(5505):854-856

Dilute magnetic semiconductors and wide gap oxide semiconductors are appealing materials for magnetooptical devices. From a combinatorial screening approach looking at the solid solubility of transition metals in titanium dioxides and of their magnetic properties, we report on the observation of transparent ferromagnetism in cobalt-doped anatase thin films with theconcentration of cobalt between 0 and 8%. Magnetic microscopy images reveal a magnetic domain structure in the films, indicating the existence of ferromagnetic long-range ordering. The materials remain ferromagnetic above room temperature with a magnetic moment of 0.32 Bohr magnetons per cobalt atom. The film is conductive and exhibits a positive magnetoresistance of 60% at 2 kelvin.  相似文献   

Insecticidal activity of Sikimi extract and its modulation of the GABAA receptor channel     

Tomoko Ikeda  Keiichi Nagata  Hiroshi Honda  Toshio Shono  Toshio Narahashi 《Pest management science》1998,52(4):337-342

Sikimi plant (also known as Japanese star anise), Illicium anisatium, is toxic to mammals. Extracts of Sikimi were studied for their insecticidal activity against the larvae of mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, and for their mechanism of action on ion channels. Crude methanol extract and its ethyl acetate-soluble fractions were insecticidally active, with EC₅₀ values of 63·0 μg ml^-1 and 43·7 μg ml^-1, respectively. The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction was perfused through the bathing solution and the current induced by a brief (10 ms) application of GABA by pressure ejection through pipette electrode was recorded by the whole-cell patch clamp technique. The extract suppressed GABA-induced currents irreversibly with an EC₅₀ value of 0·42 μg ml^-1. The time constant of current fitted to the single exponential function was shortened by the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction at concentrations ranging from 0·1 μg ml^-1 to 10 μg ml^-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. It was concluded that Sikimi extracts decreased the affinity of GABA for its binding site on the GABA receptor, thereby suppressing GABA-induced currents. © 1998 SCI  相似文献   

小分子热激蛋白基因在番茄花药中的转录   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

刘箭  庄野真理子 《园艺学报》2001,28(5):403-406

 选择8 个耐热性不同的番茄品种种植在地处亚热带的日本最南部石垣市, 测定夏季高温环境下花粉粒的败育率, 并据此将其分成耐热型和热敏型品种, 分析高温胁迫下花药中4 类小分子热激蛋白的转录。结果表明, 番茄花药中含有组成性的细胞质小分子热激蛋白和线粒体小分子热激蛋白mRNA; 高温季节细胞质小分子热激蛋白和线粒体小分子热激蛋白基因转录明显; 热敏型番茄花药中小分子热激蛋白基因的转录高峰温度低于耐热型花药。  相似文献   

Molecular cloning and gene expression of two cytochrome P450s from permethrin-resistant Culex quinquefasciatus larvae     

Shinji Kasai  Indira S Weerashinghe  Minoru Yamakawa  Toshio Shono 《Pest management science》1999,55(5):601-602

As part of a continuing study of factors influencing the development of pesticide resistance in insects, two new cytochrome P450s of the CYP6 family have been identified.  相似文献