玉米籽粒早期发育相关蛋白的差异表达特性     

于涛  李耕  张成芬  刘鹏  董树亭  张吉旺  赵斌 《作物学报》2017,43(4):608-619

玉米籽粒发育早期,代谢活动旺盛,细胞分裂与增大活跃,为后续贮藏物质的合成形成充足库容。为阐明籽粒早期发育的蛋白合成、积累与调控过程,本研究以夏玉米品种登海661为试验材料,在开花期人工饱和授粉后第3、第5、第10天取果穗中部籽粒,利用同位素标记相对定量(iTRAQ)技术分析其蛋白差异表达特性。玉米籽粒早期发育阶段总计鉴定及定量2639种蛋白,这些蛋白涉及多种生物过程与分子功能,其中代谢过程和分子过程是最主要的2个生物过程;催化活性和绑定功能是最主要的2个分子功能,这些生物过程与分子功能对籽粒早期发育具有重要作用。定量分析结果表明137种蛋白在籽粒发育早期显著差异表达,其功能涉及蛋白代谢、胁迫响应、细胞生长与分裂、碳水化合物与能量代谢、转运、次生物质代谢、淀粉合成、转录、油脂代谢、信号转导、氨基酸代谢等。其中,表达差异较大的是与蛋白代谢、胁迫响应、细胞生长与分裂以及碳水化合物与能量代谢相关的蛋白。表达模式聚类结果显示这些不同功能类别的蛋白协同表达,共同调控玉米籽粒的早期发育。  相似文献   

Suppression of influenza virus infection by the orf virus isolated in Taiwan     

Fong-Yuan LIN  Yeu-Yang TSENG  Kun-Wei CHAN  Shu-Ting KUO  Cheng-Hsiung YANG  Chi-Young WANG  Masaki TAKASU  Wei-Li HSU  Min-Liang WONG 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(9):1055-1062

Orf virus (ORFV), a member of parapoxvirus, is an enveloped virus with genome of double-stranded DNA. ORFV causes contagious pustular dermatitis or contagious ecthyma in sheep and goats worldwide. In general, detection of viral DNA and observing ORFV virion in tissues of afflicted animals are two methods commonly used for diagnosis of orf infection; however, isolation of the ORFV in cell culture using virus-containing tissue as inoculum is known to be difficult. In this work, the ORFV (Hoping strain) isolated in central Taiwan was successfully grown in cell culture. We further examined the biochemical characteristic of our isolate, including viral genotyping, viral mRNA and protein expression. By electron microscopy, one unique form of viral particle from ORFV infected cellular lysate was demonstrated in the negative-stained field. Moreover, immunomodulating and anti-influenza virus properties of this ORFV were investigated. ORFV stimulated human monocytes (THP-1) secreting proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-α. And, pre-treatment of ORFV-infected cell medium prevents A549 cells from subsequent type A influenza virus (IAV) infection. Similarly, mice infected with ORFV via both intramuscular and subcutaneous routes at two days prior to IAV infection significantly decreased the replication of IAV. In summary, the results of a current study indicated our Hoping strain harbors the immune modulator property; with such a bio-adjuvanticity, we further proved that pre-exposure of ORFV protects animals from subsequent IAV infection.  相似文献   

控释尿素水氮耦合对夏玉米产量和光合特性的影响   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

李广浩  赵斌  董树亭  刘鹏  张吉旺  何在菊 《作物学报》2015,41(9):1406-1415

采用旱棚盆栽试验,以郑单958为材料设置3个水分水平(正常水分W3、轻度水分胁迫W2、重度水分胁迫W1)和高氮N3(施纯氮315 kg hm–2)、中氮N2(施纯氮210 kg hm–2)、低氮N1(施纯氮105 kg hm–2)、不施氮N0四个控释尿素施氮水平,探讨控释尿素水氮耦合对夏玉米产量和光合特性的影响。结果表明,控释尿素水氮耦合对夏玉米产量和光合特性具有显著影响。相同水分条件下,夏玉米产量随施氮量增加而增加,W1条件下增产13.17%~20.96%,W2条件下增产13.93%~32.48%,W3条件下增产14.37%~21.83%。相同施氮水平下,产量也随水分增加而增加,W2N3、W3N2和W3N3的产量在所有处理中较高。水氮耦合对夏玉米穗位叶净光合速率的影响显著,W1条件下N3、N2和N1处理间差异不显著,均显著高于N0,W2、W3各施氮处理的净光合速率随施氮量增加而增加,W3各处理的平均净光合速率高于其他2个水分处理,W2N3比W3N3和W3N2前期略低,后期无显著差异。水氮耦合效应能有效减缓穗位叶的实际光化学效率ΦPSII、叶片光化学猝灭系数qP以及PSII反应中心的最大光能转换效率的下降速率,提高光能利用率。控释尿素水氮耦合能有效提高夏玉米花后穗位叶净光合速率,保证籽粒对营养物质的需求,提高穗位叶实际和最大光化学效率,从而提高夏玉米的产量,产量构成因素中增加千粒重和穗粒数的优势较大。综合产量与光合特性、荧光特性的表现,在田间持水量为75%±5%的土壤条件下,控释尿素施氮量以纯氮210 kg hm–2为最佳;在田间持水量为55%±5%的土壤条件下,控释尿素施氮量以纯氮315 kg hm–2为宜。  相似文献   

高粱bmr-6和bmr-12基因对产量和品质性状的效应比较     

刘伟  张吉旺  吕鹏  杨今胜  刘鹏  董树亭  李登海  孙庆泉 《作物学报》2011,37(7):1308-1312

比较了在Atlas、Early Hegari-Sart、Kansas Collier、Rox Orange和Wheatland 5种高粱遗传背景下,bmr-6和bmr-12基因对产量性状及品质性状的影响。结果表明,bmr-6和bmr-12基因使株高显著降低,同时增加了植株的茎粗;而对分蘖数和叶片数的影响较小。bmr-6和bmr-12对产量性状是负面影响,但在不同的遗传背景下不一致。对于品质性状,bmr-6一般是使中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维降低,而bmr-12则对这两者影响不大。bmr-6和bmr-12都使酸性洗涤木质素和酸不溶灰分降低。综合考虑,bmr-12的育种利用价值比bmr-6大。  相似文献   

Discrimination and abundance estimation of wild and released abalone Haliotis diversicolor using stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis in north-eastern Taiwan     

YING-CHOU  LEE  HUANG-HAUR  KUO  YUE-GAU  CHEN 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(5):1020-1028

The discrimination between wild and released Taiwan abalone Haliotis diversicolor was performed by stable carbon isotope analysis. Abalone samples were collected from Mao Aw Gulf in north-eastern Taiwan. Live abalone and dead shells were collected by divers with an 80 × 80 cm frame. The densities and amounts of wild and released abalone, as well as the survival rates of released abalone, in 1997 and 1998 were estimated. The age of the specimens was also determined from the specific temperature of each month and the inverse relationship between oxygen isotope values and temperatures. Results show that examining stable isotopic profiles proves to be a practical and feasible method for stock discrimination as well as density and abundance estimation. These data would be helpful in assessing the success of abalone culture and release programs, which aim to enhance this valuable marine resource.  相似文献   

玉米籽粒突变体dek101的表型分析和精细定位     

Xin-Ran SONG  Shu-Ting HU  Kai ZHANG  Ze-Jin CUI  Jian-Sheng LI  Xiao-Hong YANG  Guang-Hong BAI 《作物学报》1962,46(12):1831-1838

As the storage organ of maize, kernel development and accumulation of storage production directly determines maize yield and quality. In this study, a stable defective kernel mutant, named as defective kernel 101 (dek101), was identified during the development of double haploid (DH) lines in maize. The dek101 kernels displayed severely shrunk kernel appearance, significantly reduced kernel weight, lethal embryo, defective endosperm and were incapable of germinating. The dek101 showed obvious developmental abnormalities at 12 days after pollination (DAP). The fresh weight, dry weight and volume of the kernels were no longer increased after 21 DAP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation revealed that the starch granules of dek101 were significantly smaller compared with wild-type kernels. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the mutant trait was controlled by a recessive single gene. Using 441 F₂ individuals and 1648 F₃ individuals, dek101 was narrowed down to a genomic region of about 300 kb between the InDel marker IDP2182 and IDP4600 on chromosome 1, which contains five predicted genes. These results laid the foundation for mining functional genes related to maize kernel development and deciphering the mechanism of grain development.  相似文献   

玉米叶片叶绿素含量的发育遗传动态及环境互作效应分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

赵延明  董树亭  严敏  高宏伟 《中国生态农业学报》2008,16(3):649-654

采用包括基因型×环境互作效应的加性-显性遗传模型及非条件和条件的分析方法,研究了不同环境条件下玉米吐丝后不同发育时期叶片叶绿素含量性状的发育动态及其遗传发育规律.结果表明:玉米叶片叶绿素含量在不同发育时期均受到环境变化的影响.控制玉米叶片叶绿素含量的各遗传效应在不同环境条件下存在表达水平上的差异.吐丝至成熟前4个时期性状的表现是以遗传主效应(加性效应VA和显性效应VD)为主,遗传效应表达在不同环境中较为稳定,玉米籽粒成熟期该性状的表现是以环境互作效应为主,此时的遗传效应表达在不同环境中变化较大.玉米腊熟期至成熟期即玉米吐丝后40～50d是控制玉米吐丝后叶片叶绿素含量表现的微效多基因被激活表达最为活跃的时期.一些遗传效应存在发育时期间断表达的现象.  相似文献   

不同栽培管理条件下夏玉米产量与肥料利用效率的差异解析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王洪章  刘鹏  贾绪存  李静  任昊  董树亭  张吉旺  赵斌 《作物学报》2019,45(10):1544-1553

于2017—2018年在泰安、淄博和烟台,根据生产调研和各地夏玉米高产经验,在同一地块综合设置了超高产栽培、高产高效栽培和农户栽培3种栽培模式,分别模拟超高产生产水平(SH)、高产高效生产水平(HH)和农户生产水平(FP) 3个层次。并分别设置不施氮(SHN_0、HHN_0、FPN_0)、不施磷(SHP_0、HHP_0、FPP_0)和不施钾(SHK_0、HHK_0、FPK_0)的肥料空白处理。定量分析不同产量层次之间产量差及肥料利用效率差,探究产量差和效率差的影响因素及缩差增效途径。结果显示,当前山东省夏玉米SH、HH和FP的籽粒产量分别实现了光温潜力产量的68.13%、63.71%、53.22%。随着产量差距的增大,肥料利用效率降低。FP的N、P、K肥料利用效率分别为4.23、5.83、4.94 kg kg~(–1), SH的分别为3.84、4.64、2.97 kg kg~(–1)。通过优化栽培措施后,高产高效管理模式能够较FP籽粒产量提升10.49%, N、P、K的肥料利用效率分别提高67.07%、101.35%、57.65%,是实现产量与肥料利用效率协同提升的有效技术途径。对各产量水平进行产量性能分析发现,随着产量水平的提高,平均叶面积指数和单位面积穗数明显提高,而穗粒数、平均净同化率和粒重则有所下降。随着产量水平的提高,吐丝后干物质和N、P、K元素积累比例有增加的趋势。因此,在保持现有功能性参数不降低情况下,优化结构性参数是当前产量与资源利用效率协同提升的有效措施,今后高产高效应更加注重生育后期群体结构性能的优化。  相似文献   

不同株高夏玉米品种同化物积累转运与分配特性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李利利  张吉旺  董树亭  刘鹏  赵斌  杨今胜 《作物学报》2012,38(6):1080-1087

以矮秆玉米品种登海661 (DH661),中间型玉米品种超试3号(CS3),高秆玉米品种鲁单981 (LD981)和先玉335 (XY335)为试验材料,研究不同株高夏玉米品种同化物积累、转运及分配特性。结果表明,不同株高类型玉米品种干物质积累量在开花期之前差异不显著,其差异主要表现在开花后,随株高的增加,开花后的干物质积累降低。矮秆品种植株中下部茎秆的碳素分配率比高秆品种低,叶片则相反。通过¹³C同位素示踪研究表明,不同株高类型玉米品种不同部位叶片对产量的贡献不同。随株高降低,中、下部叶片的光合产物转移率相对提高,而上部叶片的转移率有所下降,高秆品种LD981和XY335上部叶片对籽粒的贡献率相对较高,中矮秆品种DH661和CS3下部叶片对籽粒的贡献率相对较高。不同部位叶片在开花前后对籽粒贡献也不相同,高秆品种LD981和XY335上部叶片开花后光合产物的转移率最高;矮秆品种DH661中部叶片开花前光合产物的转移率最高。  相似文献   

控释肥对夏玉米产量和氮素积累与分配的影响   总被引：36，自引：1，他引：35  

赵斌  董树亭  张吉旺  刘鹏 《作物学报》2010,3(10):1760-1768

在大田条件下研究树脂包膜控释肥(CRF)和硫包膜控释肥(SCF)对夏玉米花后光合产物和氮素积累与分配及产量的影响。结果表明,花后控释肥处理的光合速率始终较高,在相同施肥量(N、P、K量相同)情况下,控释肥CRF(1428kghm-2)和SCF(1668kghm-2)及其减量25%处理的单株干物质和氮素积累量都显著高于等量普通复合肥(CCF,1260kghm-2)处理;控释肥减量25%时,干物质向籽粒中的分配比例显著高于CCF处理;成熟期籽粒的氮素积累,控释肥处理都显著高于CCF处理,并随着控释肥比例的增加而增加,全量与减量25%的处理无显著差异。控释肥能显著提高玉米产量,等量控释肥增产13.15%和14.15%;控释肥减量25%时,分别比CCF增产9.69%和10.04%;其氮肥利用率和农学效率也均显著高于普通肥处理。  相似文献