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The potential of a recombinant Schistosoma bovis 28-kDa glutathione S-transferase (rSb28GST) to protect cattle against Fasciola hepatica was tested in a vaccination trial. Thirty two calves were randomly divided into four groups of eight animals. Calves of the three vaccine groups received two intramuscular injections at 3 weeks interval, of 0.250mg rSb28GST in either aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)(3)), Quil A, or PBS emulsified in an equal volume of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA).Animals of the control group received injections of Al(OH)(3)/PBS only. All animals were challenged orally with a total of 360 metacercariae of F. hepatica, spread over 6 weeks.All groups of vaccinated animals produced measurable IgG antibody titers to rSb28GST after vaccination. Animals immunised with FCA adjuvanted vaccine had the highest and more durable antibody titers and only sera from this group recognised an approximately 24kDa protein band from F. hepatica, that is thought to be a F. hepatica GST. Despite a good antibody response differences in cumulative faecal egg output between the groups were not statistically significant. In addition, no significant difference was found between groups in terms of total worm numbers or percentage of immature flukes recovered at necropsy. In conclusion, the recombinant S. bovis 28kDa GST was not found to adequately protect cattle against experimental F. hepatica challenge, using either aluminium hydroxide, Quil A or FCA as adjuvant.  相似文献   
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The persistent efficacy of doramectin and ivermectin injectable against moderate and high infection levels of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora were evaluated in cattle. Calves were allocated to six groups of six animals. On Day 0 animals of Groups I1/I2 and D1/D2 were treated with 0.2mg/kg ivermectin and doramectin injectable, respectively. Animals of the C1, I1 and D1 groups received a daily (moderate) infection of 1000 L3 of O. ostertagi and 1000 L3 of C. oncophora, and animals of the C2, I2 and D2 groups received a daily (high) infection of 10,000 L3 of each species. The animals were infected for 21 days with both species, the infections with C. oncophora and O. ostertagi started from Days 8 and 15 post treatment, respectively. Animals were necropsied on Day 40. The calculation of the persistent activity of ivermectin and doramectin was based on the efficacy against the different developmental and adult stages of both parasites. The present study confirmed that infection levels may influence the duration of persistent efficacy of an anthelmintic. Doramectin had at the moderate infection level a persistent efficacy of at least 35 days against O. ostertagi and at least 28 days against C. oncophora; at the high infection dose persistent efficacy was somewhat shorter i.e. up to 33 days and approximately 28 days, respectively. The duration of persistent efficacy of ivermectin against O. ostertagi at the moderate infection level was between 14 and 25 days, at the high dose level up to 25 days. Persistent efficacy of ivermectin against C. oncophora could, at both infection doses, not be measured, with the present experimental design.  相似文献   
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The occurrence of equine arteritis virus in Australia   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
This paper reports the first isolation of equine arteritis virus (EAV) in Australia and serological evidence of exposure to EAV in Australian horses. Twelve Standardbred stallions imported from North America were found to shed EAV in semen. One hundred and seven stallions were tested for serum antibodies to EAV and 73% of Standardbred stallions tested were seropositive as compared to 8% of Thoroughbred stallions. Serum antibody was detected in 71% of Standardbred mares, 6% of Standardbred racehorses and 1% of Thoroughbred mares and racehorses. Examination of stored serums demonstrated that EAV had been present in Australia since at least 1975.  相似文献   
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The performance of amorphous organic photorefractive (PR) materials in applications such as optical data storage is generally limited by the concentration of active molecules (chromophores) that can be incorporated into the host without forming a crystalline material with poor optical quality. In polymeric PR systems described previously, performance has been limited by the necessity of devoting a large fraction of the material to inert polymer and plasticizing components in order to ensure compositional stability. A new class of organic PR materials composed of multifunctional glass-forming organic chromophores is described that have long-term stability and greatly improved PR properties.  相似文献   
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Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) fossils discovered in the Kem Kem region of Morocco include large predatory dinosaurs that inhabited Africa as it drifted into geographic isolation. One, represented by a skull approximately 1.6 meters in length, is an advanced allosauroid referable to the African genus Carcharodontosaurus. Another, represented by a partial skeleton with slender proportions, is a new basal coelurosaur closely resembling the Egyptian genus Bahariasaurus. Comparisons with Cretaceous theropods from other continents reveal a previously unrecognized global radiation of carcharodontosaurid predators. Substantial geographic differentiation of dinosaurian faunas in response to continental drift appears to have arisen abruptly at the beginning of the Late Cretaceous.  相似文献   
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