Encephalopathy with idiopathic hyperammonaemia and Alzheimer type II astrocytes in equidae     

Hasel KM  Summers BA  De Lahunta A 《Equine veterinary journal》1999,31(6):478-482

In 3 mature female horses of varying breeds, episodes of colic and depression for 14 days preceded an encephalopathic disorder with maniacal behaviour, anxiety, profuse sweating and, in one case, terminal opisthotonus. Blood ammonia levels were elevated approximately 10-fold. At necropsy, there were gastrointestinal serosal and mesenteric haemorrhages. Histologically, all 3 cases revealed diffuse Alzheimer type II astrocytes in the cerebral grey matter. Alzheimer type II astrocytes were glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) negative or only weakly positive, weakly S-100 positive, and vimentin negative. In the absence of primary hepatic and/or renal lesions, an increase in intestinal ammonia absorption due to ileus or increased ammonia production by colonic bacteria is hypothesised.  相似文献   

Intracranial germ cell tumours in two dogs     

B. A. Summers  A. C. Palmer  J. D. Littlewood  W. F. Blakemore 《The Journal of small animal practice》1989,30(1):39-42

Intracranial germ cell tumours were identified in two middle-aged, male dogs. The predominant clinical signs were progressive visual and pupillary abnormalities; one dog was blind. At post mortem examination a discrete extramedullary tumour was found at the base of the brain in each dog. Expansion of the mass had produced severe destruction of the diencephalon and brain stem. Histopathological examination revealed a mixed cellular pattern, consistent with a neoplasm derived from germ cells.  相似文献   

Nutrition of the dwarf layer     

J D Summers 《World's poultry science journal》1971,27(3):287-288

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Timing of shedding seeds and cones, and production in different stands of Scots pines at Abernethy Forest, Scotland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Summers  R.W.; Proctor  R. 《Forestry》2005,78(5):541-549

A study was carried out over 11 seed years on the timing ofshedding of seeds and cones, and annual seed fall and cone productionin three stands of native Scots pinewood and a Scots pine plantationin Abernethy Forest, Scotland. Peaks in seed fall took placemainly in May, and cones were shed mainly between June and August.There were few residual seeds remaining in shed cones. Synchronizedpeaks in seed fall and cone production (mast years) took placeat 3-year intervals across the different stands. The differencebetween cohorts of high and low cone production ranged fromfactors of 5 to 20 among sites. Coefficients of variation forcone production ranged from 62 to 84 per cent among sites. Therewere no significant differences in cone production among sites,but there were site-related differences in seed fall. The largercanopy cover in the plantation probably accounted for the higherseed fall per square metre there, though variations in the amountof seed eaten by birds and mammals may also have been important.Canopy cover needs to be considered when converting cone densitiesunder crowns to cone density per unit of woodland area. A similarcalculation is difficult for seeds because they are lighterthan cones and many fall outside the area under the crowns.The results are discussed in relation to the potential for treeregeneration and the availability of food for birds and mammalsprior to seed dispersal.  相似文献   

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN 57 CATS WITH PRIMARY PULMONARY NEOPLASIA          下载免费PDF全文

Stacie Aarsvold  Jennifer A. Reetz  Jean K. Reichle  Ian D. Jones  Christopher R. Lamb  Maria G. Evola  Michele A. Keyerleber  Angela J. Marolf 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(3):272-277

Primary pulmonary neoplasia is relatively uncommon in cats and generally has a poor prognosis. In this multicenter, retrospective study of 57 cats with pulmonary neoplasia, the most frequent presenting signs were anorexia/inappetence (39%) and cough (37%). The pulmonary tumors were considered to be incidental findings in 9% cats. In computed tomographic (CT) images, primary pulmonary tumors appeared as a pulmonary mass in 55 (96%) cats and as a disseminated pulmonary lesion without a defined mass in two (4%) cats. Most pulmonary tumors were in the caudal lobes, with 28 (49%) in the right caudal lobe and 17 (30%) in the left caudal lobe. CT features associated with pulmonary tumors included mass in contact with visceral pleura (96%), irregular margins (83%), well‐defined borders (79%), bronchial compression (74%), gas‐containing cavities (63%), foci of mineral attenuation (56%), and bronchial invasion (19%). The mean (range) maximal dimension of the pulmonary masses was 3.5 cm (1.1–11.5 cm). Additional foci of pulmonary disease compatible with metastasis were observed in 53% cats. Pleural fluid was evident in 30% cats and pulmonary thrombosis in 12% cats. The histologic diagnoses were 47 (82%) adenocarcinomas, six (11%) tumors of bronchial origin, three (5%) adenosquamous cell carcinomas, and one (2%) squamous cell carcinoma. In this series, adenocarcinoma was the predominant tumor type, but shared many features with less common tumor types. No associations were identified between tumor type and CT features. Prevalence of suspected intrapulmonary metastasis was higher than in previous radiographic studies of cats with lung tumors.  相似文献   

Schirmer tear test I and rebound tonometry findings in healthy calves          下载免费PDF全文

Kyle L. Tofflemire  Elizabeth M. Whitley  Stacie A. Gould  Renee D. Dewell  Rachel A. Allbaugh  Gil Ben‐Shlomo  Annette M. O'Connor  R. David Whitley 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2015,18(2):147-151

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Necrotizing Meningoencephalitis in Atypical Dog Breeds: A Case Series and Literature Review     

J.J. Cooper  S.J. Schatzberg  K.M. Vernau  B.A. Summers  B.F. Porter  S. Siso  B.D. Young  J.M. Levine 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):198-203

Background

Canine necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) is a fatal, noninfectious inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. NME has been reported only in a small number of dog breeds, which has led to the presumption that it is a breed‐restricted disorder.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Our objective was to describe histopathologically confirmed NME in dog breeds in which the condition has not been reported previously and to provide preliminary evidence that NME affects a wider spectrum of dog breeds than previously reported.

Animals

Four dogs with NME.

Methods

Archives from 3 institutions and from 1 author''s (BS) collection were reviewed to identify histopathologically confirmed cases of NME in breeds in which the disease has not been reported previously. Age, sex, breed, survival from onset of clinical signs, and histopathologic findings were evaluated.

Results

Necrotizing meningoencephalitis was identified in 4 small dog breeds (Papillon, Shih Tzu, Coton de Tulear, and Brussels Griffon). Median age at clinical evaluation was 2.5 years. Histopathologic abnormalities included 2 or more of the following: lymphoplasmacytic or histiocytic meningoencephalitis or encephalitis, moderate‐to‐severe cerebrocortical necrosis, variable involvement of other anatomic locations within the brain (cerebellum, brainstem), and absence of detectable infectious agents.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Until now, NME has only been described in 5 small dog breeds. We document an additional 4 small breeds previously not shown to develop NME. Our cases further illustrate that NME is not a breed‐restricted disorder and should be considered in the differential diagnosis for dogs with signalment and clinical signs consistent with inflammatory brain disease.  相似文献   

Pre-maturity α-amylase and incipient sprouting in UK winter wheat,with special reference to the variety Rialto     

A.?F.?Tjin?Wong?Joe  R.?W.?Summers  G.?D.?Lunn  M.?D.?Atkinson  P.?S.?KettlewellEmail author 《Euphytica》2005,143(3):265-269

In 1998 and 1999 the UK winter wheat variety Rialto produced unexpected low Hagberg falling numbers that could not be directly linked to sprouting. It was proposed that these reductions in quality could be due to pre-maturity α-amylase activity (PMAA). The problem was not identified during the selection and commercial development stages. Our study tested the hypothesis that the variety Rialto is PMAA-susceptible. Analysis was done on 13 year-location combinations of field grown Rialto. Together, visual and chemical assessments of sprouting and iso-electric focusing of α-amylase isozymes identified several samples with significant α-amylase activity in the apparent absence of sprouting. In addition, tests with α-amylase sensitive Phadebas gel revealed distinctive PMAA discoloration patterns in 10–44% of the grain from the 13 samples, leading to the conclusion that Rialto is PMAA-susceptible. Diurnal temperature range accumulated for an 11 day period during a warm spell in early simulated grain development displayed a significant but negative correlation with the number of grains showing clear PMAA discoloration patterns on Phadebas gel. The number of clear PMAA grains correlated positively with rainfall accumulated over 11 days. These results suggest that PMAA can increase under conditions similar to those conducive to pre-harvest sprouting. It is however also possible that in some instances both PMAA and incipient sprouting could have produced similar patterns of α-amylase activity. In addition to tests with Rialto, Phadebas gel tests were therefore also done with the known high Hagberg varieties Option and Malacca, sprouted in a controlled environment. Results from the additional gel tests suggest that visual and chemical assessments of sprouting in the grain combined with Phadebas gel analysis could identify PMAA more reliably in grain sub-samples than Phadebas gel analysis alone.  相似文献   

Portable powder duster — An aid in cauliflower propagation     

W. L. Summers  S. Honma 《Euphytica》1975,24(3):771-773

Summary Propagating summer cauliflower selections for seed production has been difficult due to soft rot and other diseases. A portable compressed air powder blower and evaporative cooling in the greenhouse has increased the percent surival of selected plants for seed production.Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Articule No. 7105.  相似文献   

Jupiter: its infrared spectrum from 16 to 40 micrometers     

Houck JR  Pollack JB  Schaack D  Reed RA  Summers A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1975,189(4204):720-722

Spectral measurements of the thermal radiation from Jupiter in the band from 16 to 40 micrometers are analyzed under the assumption that pressure-broadened molecular hydrogen transitions are responsible for the bulk of the infrared opacity over most of this spectral interval. Both the vertical pressure-temperature profile and the molecular hydrogen mixing ratio are determined. The derived value ofthe molecular hydrogen mixing ratio, 0.89 +/- 0.11, is consistent with the solar value of 0.86.  相似文献