Surgical implantation of temperature‐sensitive transmitters and data‐loggers to record body temperature in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)          下载免费PDF全文

D Adam  SD Johnston  L Beard  V Nicholson  A Lisle  J Gaughan  R Larkin  P Theilemann  A Mckinnon  W Ellis 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(1-2):42-47

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High caudal epidural anaesthesia with local anaesthetics or alpha(2)-agonists in calves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Meyer H  Starke A  Kehler W  Rehage J 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2007,54(7):384-389

The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of a caudal epidural anaesthesia using lidocaine or xylazine in a high volume for analgesia of the flank, navel and hamstring tendon. Fourteen calves weighing 57.7 +/- 5.1 kg and 37.9 +/- 9.3 (mean +/- SEM) days old were randomly divided into two groups of seven calves each. Calves belonging to the lidocaine group were given a 2% lidocaine solution in the sacrococcygeal vertebral space epidurally at a volume of 0.4 ml/kg (8 mg/kg) body weight (BW). Animals of the xylazine group were administered an epidural anaesthesia with xylazine at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg BW, diluted with a 0.9% saline solution to a corresponding final volume of 0.4 ml/kg BW. Heart rate and respiratory rate were measured and the degree and duration of analgesia was determined by the response to a skin prick with a hypodermic needle over a period of 350 min after epidural injection. After epidural anaesthesia with lidocaine the mean heart rate increased during dorsal recumbency, whereas after xylazine both heart rate and respiratory rate decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The epidural injection of xylazine compared with lidocaine caused longer (P < 0.05) analgesia at the hamstring tendon (mean +/- SEM, 120.7 +/- 29.7 min versus 93.6 +/- 3.5 min) and at the flank (100.7 +/- 24.4 min versus 78.3 +/- 11.1 min). There were no differences in the intensity of analgesia between groups. After xylazine application analgesia at the navel was achieved for 95.0 +/- 14.1 min whereas after lidocaine injection sufficient analgesia at the navel was found in just two of seven calves for 55 and 95 min respectively. Based on above experiences, a second study was performed, in which a combination of xylazine and local anaesthetics was used and the injection volume was increased to prove the efficacy of caudal epidural anaesthesia in 15 calves (26.3 +/- 26.7 days; 57.1 +/- 19.5 kg) submitted to the clinic for regular umbilical surgery. In these cases the xylazine (0.1 mg/kg BW) was diluted with 2% lidocaine (n = 7) or 2% procaine (n = 8) to a corresponding final volume of 0.5-0.6 ml/kg BW. In all cases complete anaesthesia of the surgical area was achieved and no adverse effects were observed. Overall the high volume caudal epidural anaesthesia represents an effective, safe, cheap and easy to perform alternative for anaesthesia of the navel, flank and hamstring tendon in calves without major side effects.  相似文献   

Plasma lipopolysaccharide elevations in cattle associated with early-stage infection by Fasciola hepatica     

D Marendy  L Gabor  SD George  A Parker  E Doyle 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(9):334-338

Fasciolosis is an endemic zoonotic parasitic disease with significant impacts on human health and both animal health and production. Early post-infection impacts on the host remain unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the changes, if any, to levels of endotoxin in cattle plasma in response to early-stage infection with Fasciola hepatica. Thirty-six (36) commercial bred cattle were experimentally infected with approximately 400 viable metacercariae. Plasma lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) levels were examined on 24 occasions from 0 h before infection to 336 h after infection using the Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate chromogenic end point assay and compared with that of six (6) uninfected control animals. Peak lipopolysaccharide levels in infected animals were reached at 52 h after infection and returned to pre-infection levels at time 144 h after infection. Infected animals had significantly elevated lipopolysaccharide levels between 24 and 120 h after infection when compared to uninfected animals. The mean change in endotoxin units (EU)/mL over time after infection was statistically significant in infected animals. Elevations of lipopolysaccharide occurred in all infected animals suggesting a possible repeatable and titratable endotoxemia conducive to therapeutic agent model development.  相似文献   

Use of the cofal test. 1. Production of antiserums and demonstration of gs-antigens in organ tissue     

G Starke  G Heider  H Glathe  N N Ayoub  D Ebner  C Abel  E Beims 《Monatshefte für Veterin?rmedizin》1970,25(7):259-264

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Bluetongue virus serotypes 1 and 3 infection in Poll Dorset sheep   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. HAMBLIN  JS SALT  SD GRAHAM  K. HOPWOOD  AM WADE-EVANS 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(9):622-629

Objective To study the clinical signs following bluetongue virus serotypes 1 and 3 infection in Poll Dorset sheep.
Design A clinical and pathological study.
Procedure Twenty Poll Dorset sheep were inoculated with bluetongue virus serotypes 1 or 3, each inoculum having a different passage history. The sheep were examined daily and their clinical appearance and rectal temperatures recorded. Heparinised and non-heparinised blood samples were taken at intervals for virological and serological study. Gross pathological findings were recorded for several sheep at necropsy and tissue samples were collected from three sheep for virological studies.
Results All inoculated sheep developed clinical disease. The clinical signs and gross pathological changes varied considerably but were consistent with damage to the vascular endothelial system. There was a decline in the titres of infectious bluetongue virus and of antigen in tissues collected between 7 and 12 days after infection.
Conclusions The severity of disease was related to the speed of onset and duration of pyrexia and not the development or titre of viraemia. Generally, those animals with sensitive mouths, depression, coronitis, recumbency and reluctance to move were the most debilitated. Whole blood was the most reliable source of infectious virus from acutely and chronically infected and convalescent animals. However, tissue samples particularly spleen, collected from dead or killed animals suffering from either peracute or acute forms of disease were most appropriate for the rapid confirmation of a clinical diagnosis.  相似文献   

Effect of Oil Overlay on Inhibition Potential of Roscovitine in Sheep Cumulus‐Oocyte Complexes          下载免费PDF全文

LF Crocomo  WC Marques Filho  CMV Ulian  NS Branchini  DT Silva  CL Ackermann  FC Landim‐Alvarenga  SD Bicudo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(3):410-416

Inhibitors of cyclin‐dependent kinases, as roscovitine, have been used to prevent the spontaneous resumption of meiosis in vitro and to improve the oocyte developmental competence. In this study, the interference of oil overlay on the reversible arrest capacity of roscovitine in sheep oocytes as well as its effects on cumulus expansion was evaluated. For this, cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured for 20 h in TCM 199 with 10% foetal bovine serum (Control) containing 75 μm roscovitine (Rosco). Subsequently, they were in vitro matured (IVM) for further 18 h in inhibitor‐free medium with LH and FSH. The culture was performed in Petri dishes under mineral oil (+) or in 96 well plates without oil overlay (?) at 38.5°C and 5% CO₂. At 20 and 38 h, the cumulus expansion and nuclear maturation were evaluated under stereomicroscope and by Hoechst 33342 staining, respectively. No group presented cumulus expansion at 20 h. After additional culture with gonadotrophins, a significant rate of COCs from both Control groups (+/?) exhibited total expansion while in both Rosco groups (+/?) the partial expansion prevailed. Among the oocytes treated with roscovitine, 65.2% were kept at GV in the absence of oil overlay while 40.6% of them reached MII under oil cover (p < 0.05). This meiotic arrest was reversible, and proper meiosis progression also occurred in the Control groups (+/?). So, the culture system without oil overlay improved the meiotic inhibition promoted by roscovitine without affecting the cumulus expansion rate or the subsequent meiosis progression.  相似文献   

Proximal hindlimb flexion in the horse: Effect on movement symmetry and implications for defining soundness     

S. D. Starke  E. Willems  M. Head  S. A. May  T. Pfau 《Equine veterinary journal》2012,44(6):657-663

Reasons for performing the study: Flexion tests are a common tool during the prepurchase and clinical lameness examination, yet studies quantifying the effect of flexion, apart from distal forelimb flexion in sound horses, are sparse. Objectives: To investigate the effect of proximal hindlimb flexion on perceivable and measurable changes in movement symmetry in horses with objective movement symmetry falling within the margins of ‘sound’. Methods: Thirteen horses, selected based on objective movement symmetry, were instrumented with inertial sensors on left and right tuber coxae and over the os sacrum. Vertical movement symmetry was quantified at trot before and after proximal hindlimb flexion, with a repeat of flexion after 5 min. Video recordings of the horses were assessed visually. Results: Proximal hindlimb flexion introduced additive changes in movement symmetry to the individual baseline movement, with a tendency towards smaller effects with increasing stride number. The main systematic effect was a decrease in upward movement of the os sacrum following mid‐stance of the flexed limb and an increase in upward movement following mid‐stance of the nonflexed limb, also manifesting in a ‘hip hike’ of the flexed limb; these findings reflected increased movement asymmetry following flexion. Depending on individual baseline asymmetry, flexion can also increase movement symmetry. Conclusions: Proximal hindlimb flexion can exacerbate subtle asymmetry when performed carefully. Variation in measured symmetry following flexion within and between horses showed that the individual response to flexion is highly variable. Potential relevance: Proximal hindlimb flexion may elevate the asymmetry of a slightly lame limb above the threshold for visibility, thus assisting in the clinical gait examination. Further work is needed to examine the causes for a positive response to flexion and possible differences between sound and lame horses as well as horses of different athletic disciplines.  相似文献   

Minimally-invasive catheterization of the portal, hepatic and cranial mesenteric veins and the abdominal aorta for quantitative determination of hepatic metabolism in dairy cows     

Starke A  Wussow K  Matthies L  Kusenda M  Busche R  Haudum A  Beineke A  Pfarrer C  Rehage J 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,192(3):403-411

The objective of this study was to establish a minimally-invasive, ultrasound (US)-guided technique for the placement of indwelling catheters into the portal, hepatic, and cranial mesenteric veins as well as the abdominal aorta. Catheters were placed in eight healthy dairy cows on day 1. The patency of catheters was tested daily until day 14 when a necropsy was carried out. On day 6, energy intake and hepatic net output of glucose, removal of lactate, and oxygen were determined in seven cows. Post mortem examination revealed that all implanted catheters were in the intended locations. Loss of patency in one portal vein catheter on day 9 was attributable to a fibrin clot. Significant correlations were found between mean energy intake and mean hepatic plasma flow (r=0.91; P=0.004), hepatic glucose output (r=0.81; P=0.027) and hepatic removal of lactate (r=-0.70; P=0.08) and oxygen (r=-0.77; P=0.039), as well as between hepatic glucose net output and removal of lactate (r=-0.92; P=0.004). Minimally-invasive, US-guided transcutaneous catheter placement into the cranial mesenteric, portal and hepatic veins as well as the technique for catheterization of the abdominal aorta appear to be safe, and suitable for studies of quantitative hepatic metabolism in cattle.  相似文献   

Effects of Dexamethasone‐21‐Isonicotinate on Peripheral Insulin Action in Dairy Cows 5 days after Surgical Correction of Abomasal Displacement     

M. Kusenda  M. Kaske  M. Piechotta  L. Locher  A. Starke  K. Huber  J. Rehage 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(1):200-206

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Fungal disease in reptiles     

CJ Harvey  KD McSporran  RM Jakob-Hoff  JS Potter  SD Shaw 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(2)

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