A 5-month-old pit bull terrier was presented for evaluation of progressive lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia 45 hours after ingestion of 625 mg/kg body weight (BW) (9000 mg) of the antiviral medication, ribavirin. Abnormalities that were detected included dehydration, tachycardia, elevated liver enzymes, and prolonged prothrombin time. The dog was discharged after 5 days of aggressive supportive care consisting of intravenous fluids, antiemetics, gastroprotectants, hepatoprotectants, dextrose supplementation, and vitamin B/K1 supplementation. 相似文献
AIMS: To determine current practices and attitudes towards vaccination of dogs and cats of veterinarians in New Zealand; the methods used for informing clients on which vaccines to use, and the preferred site for vaccination of cats.
METHODS: A postal questionnaire was sent to all 483 listed veterinary practices in New Zealand during February 2012. Some questions were specific to pet dogs, cats, or working farm dogs. Responses were categorised according to practice type and geographical region of the respondent. Factors associated with respondent recommendation of annual vaccination with modified live viral (MLV) vaccines were examined using logistic regression analysis. Vaccines that were considered to be essential for every animal were defined as core; those that may be recommended for animals whose location or lifestyle placed them at risk, were defined as non-core.
RESULTS: There were 204 useable returns, equivalent to a response rate of 42.2%, distributed across the country. Annual vaccination with MLV vaccines of dogs was recommended by 54/198 (27.3%) respondents, and of cats by 107/181 (59.1%) respondents. Factors associated with the recommendation of annual administration of MLV vaccines to dogs included being a companion animal practice, a desire for policies on vaccination to be left to individual clinics, and having one veterinarian in the practice. Administration of the final vaccination for puppies was recommended at ≥14 weeks old by 55/185 (29.7%) respondents, and for kittens at ≥13 weeks old by 42/183 (23%) respondents. Of respondents that administered MLV vaccines annually, 62/103 (60.2%) believed reducing the frequency of vaccination would reduce income, and 52/103 (50.5%) considered it would have a negative effect on animal health. Advice to enable clients to decide which non-core vaccines were administered was given by 181/199 (91%) respondents. Factors considered when recommending a vaccine included consideration of risk to individual patients (190/203; 93.6%), requirements of boarding kennels/catteries (165/203; 81.3%) and clinic vaccination policy (142/203; 70%). The preferred site for administering MLV vaccines to cats was the dorsal neck or inter-scapular region (137/198; 69.2%). Amongst respondents, 18 wanted disease surveillance information to allow for truly informed decisions to be made about vaccination.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Veterinarians can now compare their own vaccination practices and attitudes with those of veterinarians nationally, and internationally. There is a need for national surveillance information and for continued education of the public and commercial kennel and cattery owners for optimal vaccination strategies to be developed. 相似文献
Campylobacter jejuni is a microorganism that only recently has been implicated in gastroenteritis in humans. As appropriate methods used for detection of the bacterium have been developed, the rates of illness caused by the pathogen were found to approach or surpass those attributed to Salmonella. Substantial evidence has been gathered to document that the route for human infection is through the ingestion of adulterated food and drink. Some slaughter animals harbor this potential pathogen among the intestinal flora and, consequently, transfer of the organism to carcasses and to the resulting meat products does occur. The most frequently implicated meat is poultry, with an incidence of recovery of C. jejuni from the store-bought poultry meat reported to be at least 50%. Red meat from slaughter animals have also yielded this bacterium from carcasses, but at lower incidence levels. Foodborne disease has been associated most frequently with the ingestion of raw milk, but poultry, hamburger, and other foods have all been implicated as potential sources. However, cause and effect relating the presence of C. jejuni in meat and human gastroenteritis has not been demonstrated. Additional research is needed to determine whether C. jejuni isolated from meat causes gastroenteritis and whether all strains of the organism are virulent. Recognition of C. jejuni as a potential meatborne pathogen by the meat industry is necessary, and appropriate sanitary practices to prevent passage of the organism through meat products should be implemented. 相似文献
Campylobacter jejuni, a foodborne pathogen closely associated with market poultry, is considered to be the most frequent agent of human gastroenteritis in the United States. The pathways involved in the contamination of poultry flocks, vertical transmission and/or horizontal transmission, are unclear. In this study, Campylobacter isolates from two independent commercial broiler breeder flocks, as well as from their respective progeny, were characterized and compared by PstI ribotype analysis and by DNA sequence analysis of the short variable region (SVR) of the flaA gene (flaA SVR). Campylobacter isolates originating from one set of breeder hens and the feces from their respective progeny demonstrated identical ribotype patterns as well as identical flaA SVR DNA sequences, thereby suggesting that these isolates were clonal in origin. Ribotype analysis of Campylobacter isolates from the second set of breeder hens and processed carcasses from their offspring resulted in two patterns. Sequence analysis placed these isolates into two closely related groups and one distant group, similar to the ribotype analysis. These results demonstrate that Campylobacter isolates from commercial broiler breeder flocks and from the respective broiler progeny may be of clonal origin and that breeder hens can serve as a source for Campylobacter contamination in poultry flocks. 相似文献
Effects of niacin or niacinamide in diets containing either soybean meal, raw whole soybeans or whole soybeans extruded at 132 and 149 C on ruminal bacterial fermentation were examined with a dual-flow continuous culture system. In Exp. 1, soybean sources each provided 50% of total crude protein in diets comprised of 52% concentrate mix, 36% corn silage and 12% alfalfa hay (dry-matter basis). Each diet was supplemented with 0 or 100 mg/kg niacin. Niacin supplementation increased (P less than .05) total nonstructural carbohydrate digestibility and lowered (P less than .05) butyrate concentration. There was also an increase (P less than .10) in amino acid effluent flow from 8,413.3 to 8,665.3 mg/d with addition of niacin to the diet. In Exp. 2, diets were supplemented with 0 or 100 mg/kg of niacin or niacinamide. The total mixed diet was comprised of 60% concentrate mix, 20% corn silage and 20% alfalfa hay (dry matter basis). Acid detergent fiber and cellulose digestibilities and total amino acid effluent flow were higher (P less than .10) with niacinamide supplementation. Niacin or niacinamide had no effect on dry matter and organic matter digestibilities, ammonia-N, total VFA concentration or crude protein degradation. Contrary to results found in other studies, niacin or niacinamide supplementation had no effect on bacterial protein synthesis. 相似文献
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