Isolation of the Fathead Minnow Nidovirus from Muskellunge Experiencing Lingering Mortality     

Mohamed Faisal  Ashley Baird  Andrew D. Winters  Elena V. Millard  Sue Marcquenski  Hui-Min Hsu 《Journal of aquatic animal health》2016,28(2):131-141

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Development of a model animal welfare act curriculum     

VandeWoude S 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2007,34(5):600-604

Animal-welfare issues are often controversial and frequently have an emotional component. Veterinarians have extensive knowledge, experience, and scientific perspective and are arguably the professionals best suited to advise and develop recommendations on animal welfare. The development of an Animal Welfare Act (AWA) teaching module is a first step toward educating veterinary students about animal welfare. This article presents the current development status of this curriculum project, which is intended to be a valuable addition to the evolving veterinary education on animal welfare.  相似文献   

Schirmer tear test results in normal horses and ponies: effect of age,season, environment,sex, time of day and placement of strips   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

Beech J  Zappala RA  Smith G  Lindborg S 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2003,6(3):251-254

Tear production was evaluated in 39 horses and 29 ponies using Schirmer tear test strips to determine whether diurnal or weekly fluctuations occur, whether location of strip placement has an effect, if values are the same for both eyes in an animal and whether sex, age, stabling vs. pasture and winter vs. summer had an effect. There was no test in which the raw score was less than 10 mm, although there were many occasions where tear wetting exceeded 35 mm. Analysis of the raw (continuous) scores by linear regression provided no evidence that signalment, housing or season or location of strip placement affected results. The distribution of tear test scores for a 'population' of eyes did not differ when the right eye was compared with the left eye or when the same eye was compared at different times on the same day. Individual test wetting values for opposing eyes measured at the same time, and also wetting values for the same eye measured at different times on the same day sometimes differed substantially. In winter maximum tear wetting exceeded 35 mm more frequently in the STT I than in the STT II even in housed horses and ponies, but there was no consistent significant difference. There appears to be wide variability in the STT I in normal horses and ponies.  相似文献   

A plant-associated microbe genome initiative     

Leach JE  Gold S  Tolin S  Eversole K 《Phytopathology》2003,93(5):524-527

ABSTRACT Plant-associated microorganisms are critical to agricultural and food security and are key components in maintaining the balance of our ecosystems. Some of these diverse microbes, which include viruses, bacteria, oomycetes, fungi, and nematodes, cause plant diseases, whereas others prevent diseases or enhance plant growth. Despite their importance, we know little about them on a genomic level. To intervene in disease and understand the basis of biological control or symbiotic relationships, a concerted and coordinated genomic analysis of these microbes is essential. Genome analysis, in this context, refers to the structural and functional analysis of the microbe DNA including the genes, the proteins encoded by those genes, as well as noncoding sequences involved in genome dynamics and function. The ultimate emphasis is on understanding genomic functions involved in plant associations. Members of The American Phytopathological Society (APS) developed a prioritized list of plant-associated microbes for genome analysis. With this list as a foundation for discussions, a Workshop on Genomic Analysis of Plant-Associated Microorganisms was held in Washington, D.C., on 9 to 11 April 2002. The workshop was organized by the Public Policy Board of APS, and was funded by the Department of Energy (DOE), the National Science Foundation (NSF), U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), and USDA-National Research Initiatives (USDA-NRI). The workshop included academic, industrial, and governmental experts from the genomics and microbial research communities and observers from the federal funding agencies. After reviewing current and near-term technologies, workshop participants proposed a comprehensive, international initiative to obtain the genomic information needed to understand these important microbes and their interactions with host plants and the environment. Specifically, the recommendations call for a 5-year, $500 million international public effort for genome analysis of plant-associated microbes. The goals are to (i) obtain genome sequence information for several representative groups of microbes; (ii) identify and determine function for the genes/proteins and other genomic elements involved in plant-microbe interactions; (iii) develop and implement standardized bioinformatic tools and a database system that is applicable across all microbes; and (iv) educate and train scientists with skills and knowledge of biological and computational sciences who will apply the information to the protection of our food sources and environment.  相似文献   

Relationship between incidence of gastric dilatation-volvulus and biometeorologic events in a population of military working dogs     

Herbold JR  Moore GE  Gosch TL  Bell BS 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(1):47-52

OBJECTIVE: To calculate the monthly incidence of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) in a population of military working dogs during a 5-year period and determine whether there was an association with synoptic climatologic indices. SAMPLE POPULATION: Medical records of all military working dogs housed at Lackland Air Force Base,Tex, from Jan 1, 1993 to Dec 31, 1997. PROCEDURE: Confirmed cases of GDV were identified from evaluation of medical records and used to calculate incidence of GDV. Factor analysis of local climatologic data was used to classify each day into 1 of 8 meteorologically homogeneous types of days for this location. Occurrence of GDV was compared with frequency of occurrence of synoptic climatologic days. RESULTS: 48 cases of GDV were identified from January 1993 through December 1997 Mean monthly incidence was 2.5 cases/1,000 dogs at risk (range, 0 to 18.5 cases/1,000 dogs; median, 2.5 cases/1,000 dogs). A seasonal increase in incidence of GDV was detected, because half of the episodes were during November, December, and January. An association with a specific synoptic climatologic day was not detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Seasonal fluctuations in incidence of GDV may be associated with external factors that precipitate physiologic changes resulting in GDV. Although a specific cause-effect relationship was not documented, clinicians must be alert for the potential of seasonal variation in incidence of GDV and accordingly heighten their index of suspicion for the condition, particularly in populations of dogs that are predisposed to development of GDV.  相似文献   

BVA governance     

Johnson B  Gorman NT  Hird JF  Wadsworth DE  Wells JA  Dyson SJ  Bleby J 《The Veterinary record》2002,151(8):247; author reply 247

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MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FOOT IN HORSES WITH PALMAR FOOT PAIN AND CONTROL HORSES     

Rachel C. Murray  Michael C. Schramme  Sue J. Dyson  Marion V. Branch  Tony S. Blunden 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2006,47(1):1-16

Palmar foot pain is a common cause of lameness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to detect damage in all tissues of the equine foot, but an understanding of the differences in magnetic resonance (MR) images between feet from horses with and without palmar foot pain is required. This study aimed to describe MR findings in feet from horses with no history of foot-related lameness, and to compare these with MR findings in horses with lameness improved by palmar digital local analgesia. Thirty-four limbs from horses euthanized with a clinical diagnosis of navicular syndrome (ameness >2 months duration, positive response to palmar digital nerve blocks and absence of other forelimb problems) (Group L), and 25 feet from age-matched horses with no history of foot pain (Group N) were examined. For each anatomic structure, MR signal intensity and homogeneity, size, definition of margins, and relationships with other structures were described. Alterations in MR signal intensity and homogeneity were graded as mild, moderate, or severe and compared between Groups L and N. Results revealed that there were significant differences in MR images between Groups N and L. Multiple moderate-severe MR signal changes were present in 91% of limbs from Group L and moderate (none were graded severe) in 27% of limbs from Group N. In most Group L limbs, more than three structures and frequently six to eight structures were abnormal. Concomitant abnormalities involved most frequently the deep digital flexor tendon, distal sesamoidean impar ligament, navicular bone, collateral sesamoidean ligament, and navicular bursa (with significant associations in severity grade between these structures), sometimes with involvement of the distal interphalangeal joint and/or its collateral ligaments. It was concluded that findings on MR images were different between horses with and without foot pain, and that pain localized to the foot was associated with MR changes in a variety of structures, indicating that damage to several structures may occur concurrently and that MR imaging was useful for evaluation of foot pain.  相似文献   

PrP genotype and lamb birth weight in a scrapie-free environment: Is there an association?     

Sue C. Tongue  Dirk U. Pfeiffer  Lindsay Heasman  Hugh Simmons  Stephen J. Ryder 《Livestock Science》2006,105(1-3):120-128

The National Scrapie Plan (NSP) for Great Britain includes selective breeding programmes. These aim to reduce the frequencies of the ovine prion protein (PrP) genotypes at high risk of developing clinical disease (principally those containing the VRQ allele) within the national flock, and select for the low-risk ARR-containing genotypes. The aim of this work was to use available data from embryo transfer programmes in guaranteed scrapie-free environments to investigate whether there was a difference in lamb birth weight associated with the lamb's PrP genotype, which might affect survival. The first analysis utilised data from 355 Cheviot lambs born between 2001 and 2004. The analysis was then repeated using a larger data set of 737 Cheviot, Dorset and Suffolk lambs born between 1999 and 2003. The most important determinants of mean lamb birth weight were litter size, sex and recipient ewe breed, plus lamb breed in the three breed analysis. In both analyses the effects of all these variables are consistent and of the same order of magnitude. In the first analysis there was evidence for an apparent increase in mean lamb birth weight for the ARR-containing genotypes of 0.3 kg (95% C.I. 0.1–0.5 kg). Whereas, in the second data set there was evidence for a decrease in mean lamb birth weight for the VRQ-containing genotypes of − 0.6 kg (95% C.I. − 0.8 to − 0.4 kg). This had been masked in the first analysis by the categorisation of these genotypes with the ARQ/ARQ genotype. Within these flocks, in a scrapie-free environment, neither finding provides support for concerns that selection for low risk ARR-containing genotypes would be detrimental to lamb birth weight, which is considered to be the most important determinant of lamb survival. Extension of this work into field flocks, where scrapie-status cannot be easily assured, will require the collection of sufficient data to adjust for known direct effects as well as any additional potential confounding effects.  相似文献   

Intermuscular Heterotopic Ossification in the Shoulder Region Associated with a Hopping-type Forelimb Lameness     

Sue Dyson 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

Heterotopic ossification has not previously been described in the horse. An event horse was investigated due to poor performance and development of a hopping-type forelimb lameness when ridden. Comprehensive local analgesic techniques did not alter the hopping-type lameness. Radiological assessment revealed an osseous plate between the biceps brachii and brachiocephalicus muscles of the lame limb. Ultrasonographic examination verified that there was no involvement of the intertubercular bursa or tendon of biceps brachii or the muscles themselves. The horse was humanely destroyed because of multilimb lameness, with multiple sources of pain. Postmortem examination revealed a large plate of bone with very sharp, pointed margins, which was easily dissected from the adjacent muscles. The radiological and gross appearances of the bone plate were typical of heterotopic ossification in human beings.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Selected Cytokine Gene Expression in Colonic Mucosa from Dogs with Idiopathic Lymphocytic-plasmacytic Colitis     

Yu TAMURA  Hiroshi OHTA  Nozomu YOKOYAMA  Sue Yee LIM  Tatsuyuki OSUGA  Keitaro MORISHITA  Kensuke NAKAMURA  Masahiro YAMASAKI  Mitsuyoshi TAKIGUCHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(10):1407-1410

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