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1.
动物细胞遗传学研究现状及其应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文介绍了细胞遗传学在动物方面的研究现状及其在畜牧业上的应用。细胞遗传学的研究主要以染色体为对象。目前世界上现存的哺乳动物约4100多种,其中进行过染色体研究或核型分析的有1468种,我国已研究过的有242种。细胞遗传学在人类医学上的应用是众所周知的,在畜牧业上主要用于对种畜进行细胞学检查,以消除对家畜繁殖性能有影响的畸变染色本,以染色体标记来识别家畜品种,对环境污染的监测及遗传操作中的染色体工程。 相似文献
2.
ObianujuNkiruka Okoroafor Paul Chekwube Eze Wilfred Sunday Ezema Chika Nwosu Christian Okorie-Kanu P. C. Animoke Boniface Anene John Osita Arinze Okoye 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(2):345-351
The aim of this project is to study the clinical signs and lesion of velogenic Newcastle disease (vND) in commercial turkeys, and also to find out if La Sota vaccination offered protection against these signs and lesions. The cockerels were included as positive controls. One hundred and twenty turkey poults and cockerels were divided into eight groups as follows: unvaccinated unchallenged turkeys (UUT), unvaccinated challenged turkeys (UCT), vaccinated unchallenged turkeys (VUT), vaccinated challenged turkeys (VCT), and along the same lines, the cockerel groups were UUC, UCC, VUC and vaccinated challenged cockerels (VCC). Vaccination was at 3 weeks of age while challenge was at 6 weeks of age. The unvaccinated turkeys and cockerels (UCT and UCC) showed different degrees of depression, diarrhoea and later paralysis at challenge. Total mortality was 100% in cockerels within 6 days, but 60% in turkeys. Similar but milder clinical signs were found in the VCC with a total mortality of 13.3%. The VCT showed mild drop in feed and water consumption, and no mortality. All the challenged groups had significant (p < 0.05) loss of weight when compared with their controls. Necropsy showed that while the UCC had severe proventricular haemorrhages, intestinal and caecal tonsil ulcers, the UCT had no digestive tract lesion. There was severe atrophy of the lymphoid organs in all the challenged groups. Histopathological sections of the bursa, spleen and thymus in all the challenged groups with special emphasis on the vaccinated and unvaccinated turkeys with mortalities of 0 and 60%, respectively, had very severe necrosis and depletion of the lymphoid tissue. Virus was isolated from the cloacal swabs. The haemagglutination inhibition antibodies were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the challenged groups than the unchallenged. The above observations in the intestinal tracts of UCT are of diagnostic significance while the gross and microscopic lesions in the UCT and VCT show that La Sota vaccination may not protect turkeys against the destruction of the lymphoid organs by vND as earlier reported in chickens. This may lead to immunosuppression and production problems in areas where vND is enzootic. 相似文献
3.
Physiological Response of Multiple Contrasting Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars to Suboptimal Temperatures 下载免费PDF全文
M. M. Rachoski A. Vidal O. A. Ruiz A. B. Menéndez A. A. Rodríguez 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2015,201(2):117-127
The physiological response of multiple rice cultivars, eighteen initially and eight cultivars later on, to suboptimal temperatures (ST) conditions was investigated in laboratory and outdoor experimental conditions. Treatment with ST decreased growth in different extents according to the cultivar and affected the PSII performance, determined by chlorophyll fluorescence fast‐transient test, and stomatal conductance, regardless the experimental condition. Two groups of cultivars could be distinguished on the base of their growth and physiological parameters. The group of cultivars presenting higher growths displayed optimal JIP values, and higher instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi), due to a lower Gs under ST, unlike cultivars showing lower growth values, which presented worse JIP values and could not adjust their Gs and hence their WUEi. In this work, we detected at least two cultivars with superior tolerance to ST than the cold tolerant referent Koshihikari. These cultivars could be used as parents or tolerance donors in breeding for new crop varieties. On other hand, positive and significant correlations between data obtained from laboratory and outdoor experiments suggest that laboratory measurements of most of the above mentioned parameters would be useful to predict the response of rice cultivars to ST outdoor. 相似文献
4.
由于太阳辐射方向的时刻改变和太阳辐射能的不稳定性,导致碟式太阳能发电系统利用率始终较低。为了解决这个问题,本文提出了一种基于PLC控制的全天候自动跟踪方式,利用光照强度与光照强度阈值的差值作为跟踪方式切换的判据,不仅消除了程序跟踪造成的累积误差,而且避免了光电传感器在阴天或多云时无法工作的问题。为保证系统在任何天气情况下均可稳定运行,信息反馈元件增加了风速传感器、温度传感器及倾角传感器。另外,在设计系统硬软件时,采取了一系列措施来进一步降低系统运行成本。 相似文献
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6.
Alfonce Leonard James P Egonyu Chrysantus M Tanga Samuel Kyamanywa Sunday Ekesi Fathiya M Khamis Sevgan Subramanian 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2022,22(2)
Wild swarms of the long-horned grasshoppers Ruspolia differens (Serville) which are widely harvested for consumption and sale in Africa are seasonal and unsustainable, hence the need for innovative ways of artificially producing the insects. We investigated the development, survival, and reproduction of R. differens in the laboratory on diets mixed with host plants [Digitaria gayana Kunth, Cynodon dactylon (L.) and Megathyrsus maximus Jacq (Poales: Poaceae); Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asterales: Asteraceae)] identified from guts of their wild conspecifics with a view to developing a suitable diet for artificial mass rearing of the edible insect. A standard diet comprising ground black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Startiomyidae) larvae, soybean flour, maize flour, vitamin premix, and ground bones was tested for rearing R. differens as a control against the same ingredients incorporated with individual powders of the different host plants. Whereas R. differens developed more slowly in the diet mixed with D. gayana than in the control diet; its development was faster in the diet mixed with C. dactylon. Mortalities of R. differens in host plant-based diets were 42.5–52.5%, far lower than in the control diet with 71% mortality. The insects raised on the diet mixed with M. maximus laid approximately twice more eggs compared to R. differens fecundities from the rest of the diets. However, inclusion of host plants in the diets had no detectable influence on R. differens adult weight and longevity. These findings support inclusion of specific host plants in artificial diets used for mass rearing of R. differens to enhance its survival, development, and fecundity. 相似文献
7.
磁化或电离化微咸水理化特性试验 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
改善微咸水理化特性,提高微咸水利用效率,成为合理利用微咸水重要研究内容。为了对微咸水活化效果及活化微咸水理化特性进行定量评价,该文采用磁化和电离化法对微咸水进行不同的活化处理,通过室内测试,对电离化微咸水活化系统的技术参数进行了分析,并对活化微咸水的表面张力系数、溶氧量、电导率及p H值等理化特性进行了研究。结果表明,电离化系统要求接地电阻不超过5Ω;活化微咸水表面张力系数显著减小、溶氧量显著增加、电导率和p H值受到不同程度的影响;但对表面张力系数和溶解氧影响比较明显,对电导率和p H值影响不显著。在矿化度5 g/L时,活化微咸水表面张力相对减少9.14%~13.84%,溶氧量相对增加8.04%~10.23%,表面张力相对减少量与溶氧量相对增加量可以从客观上反应活化微咸水理化特性的变化,而表面张力相对减少量与溶氧量相对增加量之间又存在显著的指数函数关系。根据表面张力相对减少量,电离化微咸水活化处理效果优于磁化处理,磁场强度3 000 Gs与变频磁化处理活化效果显著。因此,可以用表面张力相对减少量作为定量评价指标对活化微咸水的理化特性进行综合性定量评价,以判断不同活化方式的活化效果。 相似文献
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9.
草菇低温诱导蛋白的初步研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
低温诱导草菇(Volvariella volvacea)菌丝体一时间后,发现草菇在低温胁迫中产生了新的可溶性蛋白质。应用电泳分离制备技术,分离纯化了草菇菌丝体中的一个低温诱导蛋白。 相似文献
10.
Mariana J. Ferreyra M. Carmen Menéndez-Sevillano Yanina Noe Luis R. Ibarra Antonio M. De Ron 《Euphytica》2017,213(8):186
In situ conservation of wild species is a method of conservation that allows keeping populations in their natural environments, and set the strategies for maintaining the natural populations. The Active Bank of Northwestern Argentina (BANOA) is in charge of the in situ conservation of wild populations of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Northwestern Argentina (NOA), and has an ex situ collection of 401 landraces and 221 wild accessions from the NOA. We evaluated the phenotypic diversity of 68 common bean wild populations from the NOA both in protected and unprotected areas, finding a moderate variation among them. Ten phenotypic reproductive characteristics related to pod and seed displayed significant differences in the analysis of variance; these traits together with the seed weight were the basis for the multivariate analysis. The cluster analysis ordered the populations in 12 groups but trends in geographical distribution or phenotypical variation were not recognized. For the conservation in situ of the wild bean populations, their diversity should be considered. Two types of populations can be highlighted: (i) candidates for in situ conservation in order to preserve the novel variation generated by convergence with cultivated sympatric germplasm (populations 433, 437, 471, 509, 513 and 517) and (ii) those whose phenotype represents clearly the wild status and should be preserved in situ as such in their current status (populations 480, 495, 496, 525 and 533). 相似文献