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1.
Effect of timing of first and last irrigation on the yield and water use efficiency in cotton 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
With increasing concern about declining water resources, there is increasing thrust in improving water management in farming systems to improve water use efficiency. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the optimum timing for the first and last irrigation of cotton on the basis of meteorological approach for scheduling irrigations. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with three timings of first irrigation as main-plots and three timing of last irrigation as sub-plots. Delay of first irrigation from 28 days after sowing (DAS) to 42 DAS, irrespective of last irrigation, resulted in an increase of 8, 14 and 17% in seed cotton yield during first, second and third year, respectively. The corresponding increases due to delay in the last irrigation from 130 to 170 DAS were 14, 32 and 8%, respectively. On the basis of 3 years average, application of first and last irrigation at optimum time (after 42 and 170 days after sowing) resulted in an increase of 36% in seed cotton yield without involving any additional cost. Water expense efficiency (WEE) increased by 54%. 相似文献
2.
A previously described bioassay was modified to assess the response of the poultry red mite, an important ectoparasite of fowl, to a selected group of acaricides. The adapted bioassay is simple to use, escape-proof and provides data that can be subjected to probit analysis. The reproducibility of the method was assessed by three tests with alpha-cypermethrin against a reference strain, which produced dose-response lines that did not differ significantly (chi(2)=1.39, 2 d.f., p=0.50), and had a derived common slope of 1.89. In addition, a limited evaluation study enabled assessment of response to commercial formulations of bifenthrin, bifenthrin+malathion and cypermethrin by field populations of the poultry red mite. 相似文献
3.
Harmit Singh Thind Yadvinder- Singh Deepak Goyal Varinderpal- Singh Bijay- Singh 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(2):196-207
Dry direct-seeded aerobic rice (DSR) is an emerging attractive alternative to traditional puddled transplanted rice (PTR) production system for reducing labour and irrigation water requirements in the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) of India. The fertilizer N requirement of DSR grown with alternate wetting and drying water management may differ from that of PTR grown under continuous flooding due to differences in N dynamics in the soil/water system and crop growth patterns. Limited studies have been conducted on optimizing N management and application schedule for enhanced N use efficiency in DSR. Therefore, field experiments were conducted over 3 years in NW India to evaluate the effects of N rate and timing of its application on crop performance and N use efficiency. Interaction effects of four N rates (0, 120, 150, and 180 kg ha?1) as urea and four schedules of N application on yield and N use efficiency were evaluated in DSR. The N schedules included N application in three equal split doses (0, 35 and 63, and 14, 35 and 63 days after sowing, DAS) and four equal split doses (0, 28, 49 and 70; 14, 28, 49 and 70 DAS). There was no significant interaction between N rate and schedules on grain yield. Significant response to fertilizer N was observed at 120 kg N ha?1 and economic optimum dose for three equal split doses and skipping N at sowing was 130 kg N ha?1. Highest mean grain yield of 6.60 t ha?1 was obtained when N was applied in three equal split doses at 14, 35 and 63 DAS which was about 8.5% higher compared with N applied in four equal split doses at 14, 28, 49 and 70 DAS. Under the best N application schedule, agronomic N use efficiency (26 kg grain kg?1), recovery efficiency (49%) and physiological efficiency (53 kg kg?1) were comparable to the values reported in Asia for PTR. Results from our study will help to achieve high yields and N use efficiency in DSR to replace resource intensive PTR. 相似文献
4.
The field experiments were conducted for 2 years to evaluate the response of normally sown and paired sown cotton in terms
of seed cotton yield and water use efficiency (WUE) at various levels of water applied through drip system. Drip irrigation
under normal sowing resulted in an increase in seed cotton yield of 14 and 32% during first and second year, respectively,
when same quantity of water was applied through drip and check-basin. Drip irrigation under dense paired sowing, in which
the quantity of water applied was 75% as compared to drip under normal sowing, produced equal seed cotton yield during first
year but yield increase of 27% was observed during second year. Drip irrigation under normal paired sowing, in which the quantity
of water applied was 50% as compared with drip under normal sowing, resulted in a reduction in seed cotton yield of 11 and
15% than normal sowing during first and second year, respectively. However, at equal levels of water applied, dense paired
sowing produced 12 and 23% higher seed cotton yield than normal sowing during first and second year, respectively. Similarly,
normal paired sowing produced 6 and 14% higher seed cotton yield than normal sowing during first and second year, respectively,
The present study revealed that dense paired sowing produced highest yield and water use efficiency along with reduction in
cost owing to lower number of laterals required. 相似文献
5.
AA da Rocha ICN da Cunha BB Ederli AP Albernaz CR Quirino 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):313-315
Polyunsaturated fatty acids are important membrane components that influence membrane integrity and fluidity. In the present study, the effect of oral supplementation for 60 days with essential fatty acids (omega 3, 6 and 9) and vitamin E on canine semen quality was evaluated. Sixteen dogs were selected for the experiment; eight were used as the control group and eight received the fatty acid supplemented diet for 60 days. Semen samples were taken every 15 days during the entire experimental period and were analyzed for volume (ml), motility (%), vigour (0–5), concentration (×106 /ml), morphology of spermatozoa (%), plasma membrane integrity (%; using the hyposmotic swelling test) and thermoresistance (motility and vigour after 4 h at 38°C). We concluded that, daily supplementation with omega 3, omega 6 and omega 9 fatty acids, together with vitamin E, for a period of 60 days, significantly increased the semen volume of the treated group after 15 days of supplementation; the vigour and concentration of spermatozoa were superior after the first month of supplementation, while the percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa decreased and the cells were protected against thermal stress. 相似文献
6.
Norman EJ Barron RC Nash AS Clampitt RB 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2001,30(3):124-132
Abstract: Aggregation of feline platelets in vitro results in difficulty assessing platelet number. A citrate-based anticoagulant containing the platelet inhibitors theophylline, adenosine, and dipyridamole (CTAD; Diatube-H, Becton Dickinson, Oxford, UK) has been developed for use in human platelet studies and heparin assays. To evaluate the efficacy of CTAD in reducing platelet aggregation in feline blood samples, aliquots of blood from 51 cats were anticoagulated with EDTA, CTAD, and for 12 samples, citrate solution. Samples preserved in CTAD had significantly higher (P ≤ .001) platelet counts, as determined by an impedance counter, hemacy-tometer, and smear estimation, than samples preserved in EDTA. In addition, subjective assessment of blood smears showed significantly fewer platelet aggregates (P<.001) in CTAD-treated samples compared with EDTA samples. Although values were similar, automated platelet counts and smear estimates of platelet number were significantly higher (P < .05) and platelet aggregation was significantly less (P < .05) in CTAD samples than in citrate samples. These results suggest that the platelet inhibitory activity of CTAD reduced feline platelet aggregation. Automated total WBC counts in CTAD samples were significantly lower (P<.001) than automated counts in EDTA samples but were similar to manual WBC counts in EDTA samples. Differences in both platelet and WBC counts between CTAD and EDTA or citrate samples were clinically relevant. Mean platelet volume and MCV were significantly lower (P< .05) in CTAD samples than in EDTA samples. No effect was seen on cell morphology or staining characteristics. The anticoagulant CTAD offers an advantage over both EDTA and citrate for feline hematologic analysis, by decreasing pseudothrombocytopenia and pseudoleukocytosis. 相似文献
7.
Transformations of nitrogen-15-labelled urea in a flooded soil as affected by floodwater algae and green manure in a growth chamber 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effects of floodwater algae and green manure on transformations of 15N-urea were studied in columns of a sandy loam soil in a growth chamber. The columns were flooded and either kept in the light,
to allow algal growth, or in the dark (control) for 17 days before adding the labelled urea. Changes in urea-, NO3
–- and NH4
+-N levels and the pH of the floodwater were measured over the subsequent 41-day period, during which the control column remained
in the dark and those containing algae were maintained either in the dark to cause the death of the algae or in the light.
Volatilized NH3 was monitored, and on termination of the experiment the distribution of 15N between NO3
–, NH4
+ and organic forms was measured in the soil. Urea hydrolysis was most rapid in the presence of both living algae and green
manure, followed by dead algae, and was slowest in the control. The concentration of NH4
+-N in the floodwater was, however, reduced in the presence of algae due to assimilation and NH3 volatilization owing to the raised day-time pH in the floodwater. NH3 volatilization for the first 10 days was rather high in the columns kept in the light compared to those in the dark. Total
volatilization plus denitrification losses were greatest where dead algae were present, owing to the absence of live algae
which assimilated more than half of the applied N. Algal growth in floodwater increased the depth of the aerobic soil layer
present at the soil-water interface. Subsequently, under dark conditions, stimulated algal growth reduced the depth of the
aerobic layer causing less nitrification, which resulted in lower losses of N due to denitrification, i.e. 17% of the applied
urea-N as compared to 39% in the light treatments. Although the presence of green manure caused a marked increase in the rate
of hydrolysis, algal assimilation prevented excessive N losses via volatilization, indicating that the retention of higher
quantities of NH4
+-N may have increased fertilizer-N use efficiency.
Received: 22 January 1999 相似文献
8.
The purpose of this retrospective study is to characterize the clinical signs, laboratory values, treatment modalities and mortality outcomes related to cycad palm toxicosis in dogs and to identify medical interventions that potentially correlate with mortality. Dogs with confirmed cycad palm ingestion were identified by reviewing medical records from two private veterinary referral centres for key terms and phrases indicative of cycad palm toxicosis. Of 130 dogs included, 107 (82.3%) presented with clinical signs. A total of 2 (1.5%) died and 14 (10.8%) were euthanized. Diarrhea, lethargy and mortality were all associated with an elevated initial alanine transaminase (ALT) concentration. Overall mortality was 12.3%, with a significantly higher proportion of dogs with an ALT concentration <125 U/L surviving compared to dogs with an elevated ALT concentration. Treatment with activated charcoal reduced the odds of death among all dogs by 82% and was even more protective among dogs with an elevated initial ALT concentration. Among dogs that had an initial platelet count performed, the presence of thrombocytopenia (<200,000/μL) was a negative prognostic indicator and was associated with a significant increase in mortality. Given the high mortality rates reported for cycad palm toxicosis, it is imperative to identify early clinical indicators of mortality as well as treatments that reduce mortality. 相似文献
9.
Summary A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of green manuring (Sesbania aculeata) on pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Zn concentration and ZN equilibria in a calcareous and a non-calcareous soil under submerged conditions. The soil solutions were drawn anaerobically by gravity and analysed for pH, EC and Zn. Green manuring lowered the pH and increased the EC throughout submergence compared with the untreated control. The effect of green manuring was more pronounced in non-calcareous soil. The concentration of water-soluble Zn under submergence alone continued to decline up to the end of the experiment in both soils. But Zn concentration in green manure-amended soil was lower during the initial stages and higher in the later stages in comparison with the unamended soil. Zn potential values in the case of submergence alone were within the range of the ZnCo3-Zn2+ (aq) system up to 1 week and 4 weeks for non-calcareous and calcareous soil, respectively. Thereafter they shifted to those of the Zn-soil (unknown solid phases)-Zn2+ (aq) system. Under green manuring the values were within the range of the latter system throughout the experiment. 相似文献
10.
BB Saxena A Clavio M Singh P Rathnam Y Bukharovich T Reimers Jr A Saxena & Scott Perkins 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2002,37(1):9-17
Adult female dogs were immunized with 0.5 mg bovine luteinizing hormone receptor (LH-R) encapsulated in a silastic subdermal implant and subsequently with four intramuscular booster injections of 0.1 mg LH-R each. Circulating LH-R antibody was detected in the sera 3 weeks post-implant. The appearance of LH-R antibody was associated with a decline in the serum progesterone concentrations to a range of 0–0.5 ng/ml until day 365 in the immunized dogs in comparison with a range of 5–10 ng in the control animals, suggesting a lack of ovulation and corpus luteum function in immunized dogs. The immunized dogs did not show signs of `standing heat' and failed to ovulate when induced by LH-RH challenge. Serum oestradiol levels, however, remained in the range of 30–40 pg/ml in both the immunized and the control dogs. With the decline in the antibody titres, the hormonal profile and vaginal cytology returned to a fertile state and the dogs exhibited signs of `standing heat', as well as vaginal bleeding. Dogs immunized with LH-R did not show any serious metabolic, local or systemic adverse effects. The hypothalamic–pituitary gonadal axis remained intact as indicated by little difference in pituitary LH levels between control and immunized animals, and by the release of LH by LH-RH challenge. These studies demonstrate that active immunization of female dogs with LH-R could immunomodulate ovarian function to cause a reversible state of infertility. It may be postulated that, due to extensive interspecies homology, a recombinant LH receptor-based immunocontraceptive vaccine may also be effective in other vertebrates. 相似文献