Mechanism of selective toxicity: absorption and detoxication of an antibiotic, ascochitine, by sensitive and insensitive fungi     

T Nakanishi  H Oku 《Phytopathology》1969,59(11):1563-1565

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Need for flagella for complete virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci: genetic analysis with flagella-defective mutants ?fliC and ?fliD in host tobacco plants     

Yuki Ichinose  Rena Shimizu  Yoko Ikeda  Fumiko Taguchi  Mizuri Marutani  Takafumi Mukaihara  Yoshishige Inagaki  Kazuhiro Toyoda  Tomonori Shiraishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(4):244-249

The flagellins purified from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci induce a hypersensitive reaction in nonhost tomato cells. To investigate the role of flagella and flagellin in the compatible interaction, we generated two types of flagella-defective mutant. The fliC mutant lost the fliC gene that encodes flagellin protein, whereas the fliD mutant lost the fliD gene that encodes HAP2-capping protein. The two mutants had markedly reduced ability to cause disease symptoms in tobacco leaves. Furthermore, propagation of the mutants in tobacco leaves was less than that in wild-type pv. tabaci. Compared to the inoculation with wild-type pv. tabaci, inoculation with the two mutants did not markedly induce the expression of typical defense response-related genes such as PAL and hsr203J. Complementation of each fliC and fliD gene to the corresponding deficient mutant restored motility and virulence. These results indicate that flagella of P. syringae pv. tabaci are indispensable organelles for complete virulence on host tobacco plants.  相似文献   

Graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) in clonal amago salmon,Oncorhynchus rhodurus     

Qin QW  Ototake M  Nagoya H  Nakanishi T 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,89(1-2):83-89

The graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) was demonstrated in a salmonid model system of clonal diploid and triploid amago salmon. Triploid operculum grafts on clonal diploid evoked an acute rejection within 12 days. Grafts exchanged among triploid amago salmon exhibited prolonged survival for 18 days. In contrast, diploid grafts on triploid, and allografts among clonal diploid amago salmon were accepted. A typical GVHR was induced in triploid recipients by intraperitonal injection of head kidney cells from sensitised diploid donors. The clinical signs of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were observed in the recipients after 1 week of cell injection as a loss of appetite and appearance of solid faeces, followed by haemorrhage, local swelling of ventral skin and an enlarged spleen. Three of six fish died within 1 month. Water temperature and frequency of sensitisation are critical to induce GVHR. Diploid donors had to be sensitised three times at 20 degrees C to induce the typical GVHR. GVHR was most effectively induced by head kidney cells, followed by peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) and spleen cells. Ploidy analysis by flow cytometry revealed that the donor head kidney cells greatly increased in the recipient liver, head kidney and spleen, and reached the peak after 9 days of donor cell injection. The results in the present study are quite similar to the findings in ginbuna and ginbuna-gold fish hybrid system, suggesting the presence of T cells in salmonid as well as cyprinid fish.  相似文献   

Uterine disorders diagnosed by ventrotomy in 47 rabbits     

Saito K  Nakanishi M  Hasegawa A 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(6):495-497

The type, ages of occurrence, primary complaints, clinical signs and mortality in forty-seven cases of uterine disorders diagnosed by ventrotomy in rabbits were analyzed retrospectively. Endometrial hyperplasia (29.8%) was most frequently observed, followed by uterine adenocarcinoma (21.3%). Tumorous lesions were seen in 46.8% of the cases. The age of occurrence ranged from two years and two months to seven years and six months, with a peak at four to five years of age. The most common primary complaint was bleeding (62.2%), followed by mammary gland abnormality (12.8%) and increased abdominal circumference (10.6%). Physical examinations revealed mammary gland disorders such as mammary cysts in 31.9% of the cases. Uterine disorders were detected by palpation in 15 out of 32 cases with a primary complaint of bleeding. Ultrasonography showed uterine disorders in 21 out of 24 cases, suggesting that ultrasonography could be useful in the diagnosis of uterine disorders. The outcome seemed to be influenced by physical status rather than malignancy of lesions. The mortality was higher in cases with symptoms such as anorexia, emaciation, severe anemia, and dehydration.  相似文献   

A new method for counting of quail leukocytes by flow cytometry     

Moritomo T  Minami A  Inoue Y  Nakanishi T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(12):1149-1151

An automatic counting method was developed for fish blood cells using a fluorescent dye, 3, 3-dihexyloxacarbocyanine (DiOC (6)(3)), that selectively stain lipid bilayers in living cells. In the present study, the DiOC(6)(3) method was applied to quail (Cotumix cotumix japonica) blood cells. After quail blood cells were stained with DiOC(6)(3), absolute counts and relative proportions of erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes plus thrombocytes in whole blood were obtained by means of flow cytometry (FC). The number of each cell types by the FC was in good agreement with those counted microscopically. This method will offer new possibilities for routine blood cell counting for avian medicine.  相似文献   

Pea extracellular Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase responsive to signal molecules from a fungal pathogen     

Tomonari Kasai  Tomoko Suzuki  Kozue Ono  Ken'ichi Ogawa  Yoshishige Inagaki  Yuki Ichinose  Kazuhiro Toyoda  Tomonori Shiraishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(5):265-272

We previously reported that the release of O₂ ⁻ from isolated pea cell walls was enhanced by a 70-kDa glycoprotein elicitor but was suppressed by mucin-type glycopeptide suppressors (supprescins A and B) prepared from pycnospore germination fluid of Mycosphaerella pinodes, causal agent of Mycosphaerella blight of pea. Here, we show that superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the apoplast fluid/cell wall of pea seedlings responds to the fungal elicitor and suppressor molecules. In a pharmacological study and with internal amino acid sequencing, the apoplastic SOD in a pea cultivar Midoriusui was found to be a Cu/Zn type SOD. We cloned a full-length cDNA of the Cu/Zn-SOD and designated it as PsCu/Zn-SOD1. An increase in PsCu/Zn-SOD1 mRNA and the PsCu/Zn-SOD1 protein was induced by treatment with the elicitor more intensively than by wounding. Such induction by the elicitor or wounding, however, was inhibited by the concomitant presence of supprescins. The SOD activity of recombinant PsCu/Zn-SOD1 was regulated directly by these signal molecules in a manner similar to their effect on the SOD activity in the apoplastic fluid and in the cell wall-bound proteins. Based on these findings, we discuss a role for PsCu/Zn-SOD1 in the pea defense response. The nucleotide sequence data of PsCu/Zn-SOD1 reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession number AB189165.  相似文献   

N-terminal domain including conserved flg22 is required for flagellin-induced hypersensitive cell death in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis thaliana</Emphasis>     

Kana Naito  Yasuhiro Ishiga  Kazuhiro Toyoda  Tomonori Shiraishi  Yuki Ichinose 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(4):281-285

Flagellin in Pseudomonas syringae is a potent elicitor of defense responses including hypersensitive cell death in dicot plants. The oligopeptides flg22 consisting of 22 conserved amino acids near the N-terminus of flagellins is reported to induce plant defense responses. Because glycosylation of the central domain of flagellin affects its elicitor activity, we investigated whether any peptide sequence in addition to flg22 is required for flagellin-induced hypersensitive reaction. A study of recombinant flagellin polypeptides indicated that the N-terminal domain including the conserved flg22 is required for flagellin-induced hypersensitive cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana.  相似文献   

Close association between the enzymes involved in the lignin metabolic pathway of Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK-6: interaction of O -demethylase (LigX) and ring fission dioxygenase (LigZ)     

Tomonori Sonoki  Yuichiro Otsuka  Seiichiro Ikeda  Eiji Masai  Shinya Kajita  Yoshihiro Katayama 《Journal of Wood Science》2002,48(3):250-252

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Effect of Garcinia cambogia extract on serum leptin and insulin in mice     

Hayamizu K  Hirakawa H  Oikawa D  Nakanishi T  Takagi T  Tachibana T  Furuse M 《Fitoterapia》2003,74(3):267-273

In this study we examined the effects of 3.3% Garcinia cambogia extract on 10% sucrose loading in mice for 4 weeks. Treatment was found to have no effect on body weight, fat pad weight or serum glucose level. On the other hand, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, NEFA were observed. Levels of serum insulin and leptin, as well as the leptin/WAT ratio, were lower in the treated mice than in the control. These findings suggested that G. cambogia extract efficiently improved glucose metabolism and displayed leptin-like activity.  相似文献   

Effects of polyline simplification of dynamic GPS data under forest canopy on area and perimeter estimations     

Yasuyuki Tachiki  Tetsuhiko Yoshimura  Hisashi Hasegawa  Tomonori Mita  Tetsuro Sakai  Futoshi Nakamura 《Journal of Forest Research》2005,10(6):419-427

The objectives of this study were to determine Global Positioning System (GPS) positional errors while moving under the forest canopy and to clarify the effects of polyline simplification on area and perimeter estimations. We used the Pathfinder Pro XR and GPSMAP 76S, which are categorized as “high-end mapping” and “general navigation” GPS receivers, respectively. The field tests were conducted in both natural and plantation forests. The results showed that the Pathfinder Pro XR, which has better multipath rejection technology, worked well, especially in the plantation forest under unfavorable conditions of higher stand density. We used analysis of variance to clarify the effects of the receiver type, positioning mode, stand type, and polyline simplification method on area and perimeter estimations. The receiver type and positioning mode were found to be significant factors that affected area estimation. The Pathfinder Pro XR estimated the area more accurately than the GPSMAP 76S, and differential GPS estimated the area more accurately than autonomous GPS. With respect to the perimeter, the receiver type, positioning mode, and polyline simplification method were found to be significant factors. The results showed that perimeter estimation was improved by using the velocity filter, and further improved by using the velocity filter and Douglas-Peucker algorithm, especially when the Pathfinder Pro XR was used. The GPSMAP 76S estimated the perimeter accurately without any filtering because its default speed filter worked well, even though the GPSMAP 76S is a general navigation GPS receiver.  相似文献