Immunization of cattle with nymphal Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum extracts: effects on tick biology     

Sangwan  A.K.  Banerjee  D.P.  Sangwan  N. 《Tropical animal health and production》1998,30(2):97-106

Antigens derived from partially engorged nymphs of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum were used in immunizing crossbred (Bos indicus×Bos taurus) cattle against larval, nymphal and adult H. a. anatolicum and H. dromedarii. The cattle were either infected with Theileria annulata at low parasitaemia or were uninfected. Whole nymphal extract (WNE), nymphal membrane antigens (NMA) and nymphal soluble antigens (NSA) were used for immunization. The group immunized with WNE showed significant and better rejection of H. a. anatolicum ticks as compared to calves immunized with either NMA or NSA. The moulting rates of both engorged larvae and nymphs remained unaffected. Nymphs which engorged on the immunized calves were fully susceptible to infection by T. annulata as indicated by the intensity and abundance of Theileria infections in the resulting adult ticks from immunized and unimmunized Theileria infected cattle. These ticks also transmitted fatal theileriosis to susceptible calves.  相似文献   

Efficient In Vitro Shoot-regeneration Systems in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

N. K. Konan    R. S. Sangwan  B. S. Sangwan-Norreel   《Plant Breeding》1994,113(3):227-236

Two different protocols for in vitro regeneration of cassava using zygotic embryos and nodal axillary meristems have been developed. In both cases, buds were regenerated directly from excised explants without an intervening callus phase after a two-step culture procedure. In cotyledonary explants derived from zygotic embryos, prolific shoot formation occurred within 2—3 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 0.5—5 mg/1 BAP alone or in combination with 0.1 mg/1 NAA. Nodal explants with axillary meristems derived from aseptically grown seedlings or stem cuttings were used to initiate a round compact bulb-like structure on MS medium containing 10 mg/1 BAP. These latter structures, when cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/1 NAA, 1 mg/1 BAP and 0.1 mg/1 GA₃, produced multiple shoots. Somatic embryos isolated at the globular/torpedo stage from zygotic embryo explants were also capable of multiple shoot production on medium with 1 mg/1 BAP. Rooting of regenerated shoots exceeded 95 % in phytohormone-free MS medium. No change in their ploidy levels was observed. Therefore, the protocols developed should be of use in the particle gun and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of cassava.  相似文献   

Identification of a diverse mini‐core panel of Indian rice germplasm based on genotyping using microsatellite markers          下载免费PDF全文

Kapil K. Tiwari  Anshuman Singh  Sasmita Pattnaik  Maninder Sandhu  Sukhdeep Kaur  Sourabh Jain  Sushma Tiwari  Shweta Mehrotra  Mahender Anumalla  Rashmita Samal  Jyoti Bhardwaj  Neha Dubey  Vikrant Sahu  Gayle A. Kharshing  Patu K. Zeliang  Kadiri Sreenivasan  Pankaj Kumar  Swarup K. Parida  Sevanthi V. A. Mithra  Vandana Rai  Wricha Tyagi  Pawan K. Agrawal  Atmakuri R. Rao  Arunava Pattanayak  Girish Chandel  Ashok K. Singh  Ishwari S. Bisht  Kangila V. Bhat  Gundimeda J. N. Rao  Jitendra P. Khurana  Nagendra K. Singh  Trilochan Mohapatra 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(2):164-171

Identification of a small core germplasm set representing the available genetic diversity is essential for its proper evaluation and subsequent utilization in rice improvement programmes. For constituting a small diverse mini‐core panel of Indian rice germplasm, a representative set of 6912 accessions drawn based on their geographic origin from the whole rice germplasm collection available in the National Gene Bank was genotyped using 36 microsatellite markers. Automated fragment analysis of amplicons yielded a total of 435 alleles, with an average 12.4 and range of 3–29 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.08 (RGNMS190) to 0.86 (RM552) with an average of 0.528. Based on genotyping data, a mini‐core consisting of 98 genotypes was identified. Ninety‐four per cent of the alleles present in the core set were present in the mini‐core. The identified small but diverse panel will be useful for further intensive trait‐specific evaluation and utilization in allele mining.  相似文献   

An efficient method for the purification and characterization of nematicidal azadirachtins A,B, and H,using MPLC and ESIMS   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sharma V  Walia S  Kumar J  Nair MG  Parmar BS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(14):3966-3972

Azadirachtin A enriched concentrate containing 60% active ingredient (a.i.) was prepared from the methanolic extract of the de-fatted neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed kernels. Azadirachtins A, B, and H, the three major bioactive constituents of neem seed kernel, were purified from this methanolic concentrate by employing reverse phase medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC), using methanol-water solvent system as an eluant. The three pure azadirachtin congeners thus obtained were characterized by their unique mass spectral fragmentation, using electrospray probe in positive ion mode (ESI). All three azadirachtins exhibited nematicidal and antifungal activities. Azadirachtin B was the most effective against the reniform nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis (EC(50) 96.6 ppm), followed by Azadirachtin A (119.1 ppm) and H (141.2 ppm). At 200-ppm concentration, the test compounds caused 50-65% mortality of Caenorhabditis elegans nematode. Azadirachtin H showed the highest activity against the phytophagous fungi Rhizoctonia solani (EC(50) 63.7 ppm) and Sclerotium rolfsii (EC(50) 43.9 ppm), followed by B and A. The isolation of pure azadirachtins A, B, and H directly by MPLC purification from its concentrate and their characterization by ESIMS are unique and less time-consuming.  相似文献   

Folacin and cyanocobalamin in relation to naturalTrypanosoma evansi Infection in buffaloes     

Nirmal Sangwan  S. S. Chaudhri  A. R. Rao  A. K. Sangwan  R. P. Gupta 《Tropical animal health and production》1993,25(2):79-84

Summary The haematological values of haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and vitamin levels of folacin (folic acid), cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) of buffaloes, in a surra endemic area of Eastern Haryana, India, were determined. Surra-positive buffaloes had significantly low levels of Hb, PCV, folic acid and vitamin B₁₂. These low levels of folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ may have enhanced the clinical signs of chronic trypanosomosis, caused byTrypanosoma evansi.

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Folacina Y Cianocobalamina En Relacion Con La Infeccion Natural De Bufalos ConTrypanosoma Evansi

Resumen Se determinaron los valores hematológicos de hemoglobina (Hb), volumen corpuscular celular (PCV) y los niveles vitamínicos de ácido fólico y cianocobalamina (vitamina B₁₂) de búfalos, en un área endémica de surra en Haryana Oriental, India. Los búfalos positivos a surra tuvieron niveles bajos de Hb, PCV, ácido fólico y vitamina B₁₂. Los niveles bajos de ácido fólico y cianocobalamina, pudieron haber exacerbado los sintomas clinicos de tripanosomiasis crónica, causada porTrypanosoma evansi.

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Folacine Et Cyanocobalamine En Relation Avec La Trypanosomose ATrypanosoma Evansi Chez Des Buffles

Résumé Les valeurs hématologiques de l'hémoglobine (Hb), l'hématocrite (PCV) et les taux de la folacine (acide folique) et de la cyanocobalamine (vitamine B₁₂) chez des buffles ont été déterminés dans une région de l'Est Haryana, Inde, où sévit le surra à l'état endémique. Les buffles positifs vis-à-vis du surra présentaient des taux significativement faibles de Hb, PCV, d'acide folique et de vitamine B₁₂. Les taux peu élevés de ces deux derniers éléments peuvent renforcer les siqnes cliniques de la trypanosomose chronique, due àT. evansi.

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Surgical Correction of Uterine Torsion and Mare–Foal Survival in Advance Pregnant Equine Patients     

Narinder S. Saini  Jitender MohindrooShashi K. Mahajan  PhD  Mulinti RaghunathAshwani Kumar  PhD  Vandana SangwanTarunbir Singh  PhD  Navdeep SinghSimrat S. Singh  DVM  PhD  Arun AnandKiranjeet Singh  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

This article describes the surgical management of uterine torsion by midline celiotomy and cesarean section on 12 mares presented with signs of colic to a teaching veterinary hospital. The mares were either in full term of gestation (n = 7) or in advanced stage of pregnancy (n = 5). Six mares were in first parity. Uterine torsion was diagnosed by per rectal and per vaginal examinations. For surgical intervention, mares were anesthetized using a combination of xylazine (1.1 mg/kg) and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg), intravenously. After intubation, the animals were maintained on halothane (n = 4) or isoflurane (n = 8) inhalation anesthesia. Midline celiotomy was performed, and foals were delivered by cesarean section. In 11 mares, before closing the abdominal wound, the uterus was detorted manually and confirmed for its normal position. Both anesthetic protocols using halothane and isoflurane were found satisfactory for surgical correction of uterine torsion. After long-term follow-up, the study reported 75.0% (9/12) survival rate for mares. One mare was euthanized because of devitalized, necrosed, and adhered uterus to the abdominal wall. Of the nine surviving mares, seven were successfully bred. Three foals were born alive, and only one could survive on long-term basis. Of the nine dead foals, two had umbilical cord torsion.  相似文献   

Metabolic clustering of a core collection of Indian ginseng Withania somnifera Dunal through DNA, isoenzyme, polypeptide and withanolide profile diversity     

Narayan D Chaurasiya  Rajender S Sangwan  Laxmi N. Misra  Rakesh Tuli  Neelam S Sangwan   《Fitoterapia》2009,80(8):496-505

Withania somnifera is one of the most important medicinal plants of Ayurveda and finds extensive uses in Indian traditional herbal preparations. In this investigation, selected accessions of the plant were examined for diversity through RAPDs, isoenzymes, polypeptide polymorphism and withanolide profiles. The accessions clustered together with respect to their characteristic profile of major withanolides and represented withaferin A, withanone, withanolide D or withanolide A rich groups. This level of phytochemical diversity as discrete chemotypes is widest and is being first ever documented to occur in Indian population of the plant.  相似文献   

Comparison of corneal thickness measurements using ultrasound pachymetry,ultrasound biomicroscopy,and digital caliper in frozen canine corneas          下载免费PDF全文

Seowoo Jeong  Seonmi Kang  Sangwan Park  Eunjin Park  Jaegook Lim  Taekjin Nam  Kangmoon Seo 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2018,21(4):339-346

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Physiological Changes in Sesbania Species to Reducing Light Intensities     

Vandana  R. K. Bhatt 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1999,182(1):43-47

Sesbania sesban and S. grandiflora were studied for their physiological characters under different light intensities (100, 75, 50 and 25 %) in a natural environment for 4 months. Rate of photosynthesis (PN) and stomatal conductance (CS) significantly decreased with decreasing light intensities and with intensity reduced to half the full sun light under high shading i.e. at 25 % light intensity, whereas the intercellular CO₂ concentration increased with decreasing light intensities in both the species. The reduction in PN was more in S. grandiflora than S. sesban. S. sesban maintained higher carboxylation efficiency under shade condition as compared to S. grandiflora. Rate of transpiration and water use efficiency (PN/TR) decreased while leaf diffusion resistance increased significantly with decreasing light intensities. Total chlorophyll content was maximal under 50 % light intensity in both plant species. Accumulation of chl b increased but chl a decreases under low light intensities. The higher accumulation of chl b in S. sesban under shade predicted its shade adaptability. The total protein content and NRA reduced under low light intensities. The overall rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, carboxylation efficiency and water-use efficiency were higher in S. sesban as compared to S. grandiflora , indicating its better adaptability under shade condition and that it may be suitable to grow under stress in agroforestry systems in semi-arid tropics.  相似文献   

Influence of physicochemical parameters of neem (Azadirachta indica A Juss) oils on nitrification inhibition in soil     

Kumar R  Devakumar C  Sharma V  Kakkar G  Kumar D  Panneerselvam P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(4):1389-1393

The technology for the production of neem oil coated urea (NOCU) developed by the Indian Agricultural Research Institute is in the pipeline for adaption by several Indian fertilizer industries. Use of nitrification inhibitors is one of the methods of improving the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture. However, standard specifications for the neem oil as a raw material of NOCU are desired. Accordingly, the present study was undertaken to evaluate 25 samples of neem oils comprising 11 samples of expeller grade (EG) oils, 8 samples of cold-pressed (CP) oils, 3 samples of solvent-extracted oils, and 2 commercial formulations. NOCU was prepared using these oils (5000 ppm of urea-N). The soils fertilized with NOCUs (200 ppm of urea-N) were incubated at 27 degrees C and 50% water-holding capacity for a period of 15 days. Nitrapyrin (0.5% of N) coated urea served as the reference and prilled urea as control. Samples were analyzed for NH4+-N, NO2--N, and NO3--N using standard methods. The percent nitrification inhibition (NI) was calculated, and the results revealed that all of the neem oils caused NI ranging from 4.0 to 30.9%. Two samples of EG oils and two commercial formulations were found to be the best, causing 27.0-30.9% NI. Iodine, acid, and saponification values and meliacin content of all of the oils were analyzed and correlated with NI. The results revealed the direct influence of meliacin content of the neem oils on NI, which, however, was found to be negatively correlated with saponification and iodine values. There is, therefore, a need to introduce new Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) specifications for neem oils as raw materials of NOCU.  相似文献