Processing traits and digestibility of extruded dog foods with soy protein concentrate          下载免费PDF全文

K. S. Venturini  M. F. Sarcinelli  M. A. Baller  T. C. Putarov  E. B. Malheiros  A. C. Carciofi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(4):1077-1087

Soya bean protein concentrate (SPC) with two particle sizes were evaluated on extrusion parameters, kibble formation, digestibility and palatability of dog foods. Eight diets were extruded: PBM—control diet based on poultry by‐product meal (PBM); GM—a diet in which corn gluten meal (GM) replaced 45% of the diet protein; cSPC15%, cSPC30% and cSPC45%—diets in which SPC of coarse particle size (600 μm) replaced 15%, 30% and 45% of the diet protein; and sSPC15%, sSPC30% and sSPC45%—diets in which SPC of small particle size (200 μm) replaced 15%, 30% and 45% of the diet protein. The digestibility of nutrients was evaluated for the PBM, GM, cSPC45% and sSPC45% diets, using six dogs per food. The PBM, GM and cSPC45% diets were compared for palatability. Data were submitted for analysis of variance, and the means were compared by polynomial contrasts or Tukey's test (p < .05). The cSPC increased the specific mechanical energy (SME) application, extrusion temperature and pressure linearly, resulting in lower kibble density and higher expansion and starch gelatinization (SG) (p < .01). When comparing the PBM, GM, cSPC45% and sSPC45% diets, higher SME, extrusion temperature and pressure, SG and kibble expansion were verified for the cSPC45% diet (p < .05). The DM, fat and crude protein digestibility were similar among diets. Faecal pH, ammonia and lactate did not differ, demonstrating that the removal of oligosaccharides and soluble non‐starch polysaccharides of SPC produces an ingredient with mostly non‐fermentable fibre. Dogs preferred the PBM to the GM diet (p < .05), but consumed the PBM and cSPC45% foods equally. In conclusion, SPC exhibited good extrusion functionality, favouring kibble expansion and SG, with high digestibility, similar to that of PBM. The removal of soluble compounds from soya beans resulted in an ingredient with low fermentable fibre content, which did not alter faecal formation or characteristics.  相似文献   

Metabolic effects of trichlorfon (Masoten®) on the neotropical freshwater fish pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)     

Francine P. Venturini  Fernanda D. Moraes  Lucas R. X. Cortella  Priscila A. Rossi  Claudinei Cruz  Gilberto Moraes 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2015,41(1):299-309

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Experiences of recent veterinary graduates in their first employment position and their preferences for new graduate support programmes     

MC Gates  I McLachlan  S Butler  JF Weston 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2020,68(4):214-224

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Theileria orientalis: a review     

JG Watts  MC Playford  KL Hickey 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(1):3-9

Theileria orientalis (also known historically as T. sergenti and T. buffeli) is responsible for benign or non-transforming theileriosis, and exerts its major effect through erythrocyte destruction. The life cycle of T. orientalis is essentially similar to that of other Theileria species, except that the schizonts do not induce transformation and fatal lymphoproliferation. The pathogenesis of anaemia as a result of infection is not clearly established and may be multifaceted. Clinical signs of weakness, reluctance to walk and abortion are early but non-specific indications of disease, particularly if accompanied by a history of cattle being moved. Physical examination may reveal pallor (pale eyes, vaginal mucosa), pyrexia, and elevated heart and respiratory rates. T. orientalis is an economically important parasite of cattle in New Zealand, Australia and Japan, especially where naïve animals are introduced into an endemic area or in animals under stress. Increased awareness of the risks posed by the parasite is required to enable management practices to be implemented to minimise its impact.  相似文献   

Clinical efficacy of diclofenac sodium and flunixin meglumine as adjuncts to antibacterial treatment of respiratory disease of calves     

M Guzel  MC Karakurum  R Durgut  N Mamak 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(6):236-239

Objective To compare the efficacy of the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, diclofenac sodium and flunixin meglumine as adjuncts to the antibiotic treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Procedure We randomly allocated 80 Holstein calves with BRD to three groups. All the calves received a dose of 2.5 mg/kg tulathromycin by single subcutaneous injection and two of the groups received, in addition, either 2.5 mg/kg diclofenac sodium as a single intramuscular injection (diclofenac group, n = 30) or 2.2 mg/kg flunixin meglumine as an intravenous injection on the first three consecutive days after tulathromycin administration (flunixin group, n = 30). All calves were given a clinical score prior to initial treatment (day 0) and after treatment (days 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14) by observing appetite, demeanour, rectal temperature, the rate and type of respiration, presence or absence of coughing, and nasal discharge. Results During the first 48 h, improvement of adverse signs of respiratory disease, such as pyrexia and elevated respiratory rate, and of a high clinical index score was significant in the two adjunct groups compared with the calves receiving antibiotic alone. The reduction in pyrexia was greatest in the diclofenac group. There were no statically significant differences between treatment groups with regard to eventual perceived recovery from respiratory disease in 14 days. Conclusion In this trial, a single intramuscular dose of diclofenac sodium was equally effective as three intravenous injections of flunixin meglumine given on consecutive days as adjunctive therapy for BRD.  相似文献   

A comparison of the autecology of Quercus robur L. and Q. pyrenaica Wild.: present habitat in Galicia, NW Spain     

Diaz-Maroto  IJ; Vila-Lameiro  P; Guchu  E; Diaz-Maroto  MC 《Forestry》2007,80(3):223-239

The biotopes occupied by pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)and rebollo oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) in Galicia were characterizedusing different parameters, enabling a comparative analysisof its habitats. Thirty-nine plots of pedunculate oak and 40of rebollo oak were inventoried and 25 ecological parameters(physiographic, climatic and edaphic) were measured to describethe biotopes, along with 14 stand parameters to characterizethe structure and the silviculture of these forests; some ofthem were used in previous works about the autecology of bothspecies. Quercus robur was found to occupy a wider range ofecological habitats and their distribution is oceanic; Q. pyrenaicapresents a more Mediterranean phytoclimatic position. The resultsindicated that the distribution of oak forests in Galicia ismore closely related to physiographic and climatic featuresthan to edaphic, because the nature of the substrates that theyoccupy is similar. Analysis of fragility/aggressiveness betweenboth species and chestnut shows that the aggressiveness of bothoaks, mainly pedunculate, was much higher, except at high altitudes,and in areas with a high mean temperature, where rebollo ismore aggressiveness. Comparison of the two Quercus shows formost of the parameters that Q. robur is the more aggressivespecies.  相似文献   

Microbial origin of the abdominal swelling affecting farmed larvae of gilt-head seabream, Sparus aurata L.     

J Sedano  I Zorrilla  MA Moriñigo  MC Balebona  A Vidaurreta  MA Bordas  JJ Borrego 《Aquaculture Research》1996,27(5):323-333

The aetiological agents of the abdominal swelling affecting farmed larvae of gilt-head seabream, Sparus aurata L., were studied. Four Vibrio strains were isolated from larvae of S. aurata affected by this disease, and all strains reproduced the disease in healthy larvae under controlled infection experiments, producing a significant increase of the mortality rates compared to the control (non-inoculated larvae). Several enzymatic properties, which can act as .virulence factors, were demonstrated both in the extracellular products (ECPs) and In live cells of the strains tested. Histopathological examinations of the infected fish larvae revealed important changes of the anterior intestine and liver characterized by a marked hyperthrophy of the intestinal epithelium and hepatocytes, and by a separation of the mucosal and submucosal layers in the digestive tube. These histological alterations were associated with the constant presence of cocobacillar bacteria in the anterior intestine and in the liver. However, the precise pathogenic mechanisms of the strains tested have not been completely elucidated yet.  相似文献   

Effect of aflatoxin B1 on resistance induced by Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine in rabbits   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M C Venturini  C J Perfumo  M A Risso  C M Gomez  M V Piscopo  M Sala de Miguel  H Godoy 《Veterinary microbiology》1990,25(2-3):209-216

The effects of aflatoxin B1 on the development of the immune response to oil-adjuvanted Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine and on acquired resistance to bacterial challenge were studied in rabbits. The doses of aflatoxin used were insufficient to produce clinical intoxication. Rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups, each having six animals: control (T), vaccinated (V), and vaccinated plus aflatoxin (VA) at 0.05 mg/kg daily per os. Groups V and VA were vaccinated twice, and the three groups were subsequently challenged with virulent B. bronchiseptica. The average weight gain at weekly intervals was significantly reduced in group VA, and no statistically significant differences were found in the titers of agglutinating antibodies between groups V and VA. There were significant differences between groups V and VA in the extent and severity of the pneumonic process, group VA being most affected. Results indicated that agglutinating antibody titers were not related to the level of protection in the latter group. Other mechanisms, such as alveolar macrophage activity and cell-mediated immunity, were implicated in the impairment of the acquired resistance in rabbits subclinically intoxicated with aflatoxin.  相似文献   

Confirmed clinical Neospora caninum infection in a boxer puppy from Argentina     

Basso W  Venturini MC  Bacigalupe D  Kienast M  Unzaga JM  Larsen A  Machuca M  Venturini L 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,131(3-4):299-303

Generalized neosporosis was diagnosed in a 2-month-old boxer puppy. The dog had a history of progressive paralysis and muscle atrophy, followed by cervical weakness, stiff jaws and dysphagia. The dog had a 1:12,800 antibody titer for Neospora caninum and was negative for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). After euthanasia a complete necropsy was carried out. The puppy had a megaesophagus. Microscopically, tachyzoites and tissue cysts were observed in histologic brain sections. Severe myositis was observed in esophagus and striated muscle sections and several groups of tachyzoites were associated with these lesions. Immunohistochemically, parasites in the brain and striated muscle reacted to anti-N. caninum antiserum. Western blot analysis allowed the identification of three major and four minor antigens of N. caninum tachyzoites corresponding to 30, 37, 45-kDa and 28, 29, 43, 47 and 67-kDa bands, respectively. Cerebral homogenate of the dog was inoculated into four Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Forty-nine days after inoculation, all the gerbils had positive IFAT titers to N. caninum (1:200, 1:400, 1:100 and 1:400). Genomic DNA was isolated from the brain, lung and striated muscle from the puppy and from the brain of one of the inoculated gerbils. The N. caninum specific primer pair Np 6/21 produced 328 bp amplicons on electrophoretic gels. This is the first confirmed clinical case of generalized canine neosporosis in Argentina.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sows from slaughterhouses and in pigs from an indoor and an outdoor farm in Argentina     

Venturini MC  Bacigalupe D  Venturini L  Rambeaud M  Basso W  Unzaga JM  Perfumo CJ 《Veterinary parasitology》2004,124(3-4):161-165

The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies from slaughter sows and from pigs raised at an indoor and an outdoor swine farm. Serum samples were obtained from 230 slaughter sows belonging to 83 farms distributed in 5 provinces. Blood samples were collected monthly from pigs of different ages from an intensive management indoor farm (farm 1). A cross-sectional study was carried-out from an outdoor farm (farm 2). All sera were tested for T. gondii antibodies by the modified agglutination test (MAT), using formalin-fixed tachyzoites as antigen. An antibody titer > or =1:25 was considered positive. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 87 (37.8%) of 230 sows sera. Distribution among provinces was: 37.1% from Santa Fe, 62.8% from Buenos Aires, 3.3% from San Luis, 58.7% from La Pampa and 24% from Córdoba. Four of 88 (4.5%) serum samples from farm 1 had antibodies to T. gondii and none of the negative pigs seroconverted. However, 45 of 112 samples from farm 2 were positive (40.2%) with the following distribution: sows 100%; nursery 40%; growers 13.8% and fatteners 20%. It is concluded that the prevalence of T.gondii antibodies among sows seems to be quite variable. T. gondii prevalence was related to the facilities and management of the farm.  相似文献