Predicting across scales comments of the guest editors of Landscape Ecology     

Virginia H. Dale  Robert H. Gardner  Monica G. Turner 《Landscape Ecology》1989,3(3-4):147-151

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TOTAL ANOMALOUS PULMONARY VENOUS CONNECTION IN A FOAL     

Olga Seco Diaz  MRCVS    Anne Desrochers  DMV    Vickie Hoffmann  VMD    Virginia B. Reef  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2005,46(1):83-85

An 8-day-old Arabian-Morgan cross colt underwent cardiac evaluation. The foal was tachycardic, tachypneic, exercise intolerant and had a loud right-sided heart murmur and cyanotic mucous membranes. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection was diagnosed with echocardiography and confirmed at postmortem examination. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection is a very rare congenital cardiac abnormality that has not been reported before in the horse.  相似文献   

Carvedilol in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy     

Oyama MA  Sisson DD  Prosek R  Bulmer BJ  Luethy MW  Fuentes VL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2007,21(6):1272-1279

BACKGROUND: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by reduced systolic function, heightened sympathetic tone, and high morbidity and mortality. Little is known regarding the safety and efficacy of beta-blocker treatment in dogs with DCM. HYPOTHESIS: Carvedilol improves echocardiographic and neurohormonal variables in dogs with DCM over a 4-month treatment period. METHODS: Prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blinded randomized study. Dogs with DCM underwent echocardiography, ECG, thoracic radiographs, and neurohormonal profiling, followed by titration onto carvedilol (0.3 mg/kg q12h) or placebo over a 4-week period and subsequently received 3 months of therapy. Primary study endpoints included left ventricular volume and function. RESULTS: Sixteen dogs received carvedilol and 7 received placebo. At study end, 13 carvedilol dogs and 5 placebo dogs were alive. There was no difference in the mean percentage change in left ventricular volume at end-diastole (LVVd), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVVs), and ejection fraction (EF) between treatment groups, suggesting that both groups experienced similar amounts of disease progression. Carvedilol treatment did not result in significant changes in neurohormonal activation, radiographic heart size, heart rate, or owner perceived quality-of-life. Baseline B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) predicted dogs in the carvedilol-treated group that maintained or improved their EF over the study duration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Carvedilol administration did not improve echocardiographic or neurohormonal indicators of heart function. The lack of effect may be related to severity of disease, carvedilol dose, or brevity of follow-up time. Statistical power of the present study was adversely affected by a high fatality rate in study dogs and small sample size.  相似文献   

Use of touch-down polymerase chain reaction to enhance the sensitivity of Mycobacterium bovis detection.   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Martín J Zumárraga  Virginia Meikle  Amelia Bernardelli  Alejandro Abdala  Hector Tarabla  María I Romano  Angel Cataldi 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2005,17(3):232-238

The confirmatory diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) in animal samples is carried out by culture in Stonebrink media. However, culture is very slow because of the extremely long duplication time of the bacillus and difficult because of the scarcity of bacilli in diagnostic samples. This study describes the development of a single-tube touch-down polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for the detection of M. bovis using primers that target the IS6110 element. Spiked water and milk as well as routine diagnostic samples (milk and nasal swabs) from M. bovis-positive cattle were tested. This protocol allows the rapid and sensitive detection of M. bovis in bovine samples by enhancing the sensitivity of standard PCR amplification.  相似文献   

Transendoscopic biopsy of the horse's airway mucosa     

Virginia Buechner-Maxwell  Mark Crisman  Michael Murray  William Ley  Geoffrey Saunders  Amelia Walton 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1996,16(9):375-379

Transtracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage are diagnostic techniques that have been adopted from human medicine for monitoring inflammatory changes in the airway of the horse. Transendoscopic biopsy has also proven to be a valuable tool for obtaining samples of the airway mucosa in human patients. A transendoscopic technique was developed in this study for obtaining a respiratory mucosal biopsy from standing, sedated horses. Six normal adult horses were sampled at eight-week intervals for a total of three sample periods. Horses were monitored for adverse effects of the technique and none were noted. Sample sites were completely healed after eight weeks with no gross or histologic abnormalities. Biopsy samples were 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter, and 17 of 18 samples provided interpretable histological sections. Methods for handling, staining and evaluating tissue were also developed. The results of this study demonstrated that airway mucosal biopsy is a safe, repeatable technique that can be performed in the sedated, standing horse.  相似文献   

CORNEAL ULCERS IN THE DOG     

Virginia P.  Studdert B.S.  D.V.M. 《Australian veterinary journal》1967,43(10):466-470

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Metatranscriptomics reveals metabolic adaptation and induction of virulence factors by Haemophilus parasuis during lung infection     

Bernardo Bello-Ortí  Kate J. Howell  Alexander W. Tucker  Duncan J. Maskell  Virginia Aragon 《Veterinary research》2015,46(1)

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Novel galactolipids from the leaves of Ipomoea batatas L.: characterization by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry     

Napolitano A  Carbone V  Saggese P  Takagaki K  Pizza C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(25):10289-10297

Sixteen novel and ten known galactolipids have been isolated and characterized from the leaves of Ipomoea batatas L. (sweet potato) using an analytical method based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Using this technique, the structures and regiochemistries of the fatty acyl groups and the positions of the double bonds on the acyl chains were determined. Sugar moieties were identified by analysis of one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The positions of the double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids were confirmed, and in some cases their geometries determined, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This is the first report of galactolipids in the leaves of sweet potato.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Likelihood of Co-Occurrence of Erwinia amylovora with Mature Fruit of Winter Pear     

Temple TN  Stockwell VO  Pusey PL  Johnson KB 《Phytopathology》2007,97(10):1263-1273

ABSTRACT Phytosanitary concerns about fire blight prohibit export of U.S.-grown pears to some countries without this disease. To examine these concerns, we evaluated the potential for co-occurrence of Erwinia amylovora with mature, symptomless winter pear fruit by inoculation experiments and by survey of commercial orchards. Immature pear and apple fruit were inoculated in orchards with E. amylovora strain 153N as resuspended lyophilized cells or as ooze from diseased tissues. Regardless of inoculum source, population size of Ea153N on fruit declined by an order of magnitude every 3 to 4 days during the first 2 weeks after inoculation; at 56 days after inoculation, Ea153N was not detected, except on 1 of 450 fruit with 4 colony forming units (CFU). After inoculation of flowers, calyx-end survival of Ea153N on pear and apple fruit declined from high populations at petal fall to a few cells at harvest, with no detection of the pathogen after a 7-week cold storage. Migration of Ea153N into symptomless pear fruit from diseased branches was evaluated by enrichment assay and nested polymerase chain reaction of internal fruit core tissues; these assays failed to detect the pathogen in healthy fruit from diseased trees. At harvest, E. amylovora could not be detected on 5,599 of 5,600 fruit of d'Anjou pear sampled from commercial orchards in major production areas of the Pacific Northwest; one fruit yielded 32 CFU of the pathogen. Postharvest, mature pear fruit contaminated with Ea153N and subsequently wounded required a dose of >10,000 cells at the wound site to allow for persistence of the pathogen through a 7-week-cold storage. We conclude that epiphytic E. amylovora shows similar survival characteristics on both pear and apple fruit, this pathogen is not an endophyte within mature symptomless pear fruit, its presence is exceptionally rare on commercially produced fruit, and that epiphytic survival of E. amylovora through a postharvest chilling period is unlikely given the unrealistically high population size required for persistence.  相似文献   

Lack of Correlation Between Papillomaviral DNA in Surgical Margins and Recurrence of Equine Sarcoids     

Sandra D. Taylor  Balazs Toth  Laura J. Baseler  Virginia A. Charney  Margaret A. Miller 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types 1 (BPV-1) and 2 (BPV-2) are causally associated with the development of equine sarcoid tumors. Recurrence rates after surgical excision of sarcoids are estimated to be 30%–40%. We hypothesized that the presence of BPV DNA in histologically tumor-free surgical margins of sarcoids is associated with risk of recurrence, and increased quantity of BPV DNA is associated with increased risk of recurrence. Formalin-fixed sarcoids classified as “completely excised” histologically were obtained from two institutions. A total of 25 tumors were included, eight of which recurred within 1 year of excision. Qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for detection of BPV-1 and BPV-2 were performed on neoplastic tissue and tumor-free surgical margins in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens following DNA extraction. Bovine papillomavirus-1 was found in all tumor samples and in histologically “clean” margins of 21 samples, whereas BPV-2 was found in only two tumor samples. Although quantitative PCR was more sensitive than qualitative PCR in detecting BPV DNA in surgical margins, there was no significant difference in the presence of BPV-1 or BPV-2 DNA in margins of tumors that recurred versus those that did not recur for either test. Although this study is limited by sample size, our results suggest that PCR analysis of surgical margins for BPV DNA is not a reliable method to predict equine sarcoid recurrence after resection.  相似文献