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Eva VOSLAROVA Petr CHLOUPEK Jan CHLOUPEK Iveta BEDANOVA Vladimira PISTEKOVA Vladimir VECEREK 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(4):601-606
Effects of different noise levels (70 or 80 dB) that broilers were exposed to during the entire fattening period and also the effect of the timing of the first exposure to intermittent noise in the course of fattening (day 1 vs. day 7) were monitored. After 7 days of exposure to intermittent noise, experimental chickens already showed a significant decrease in live body weight in comparison with the control group. The difference between the group exposed to intermittent noise at 70 dB and the group exposed to 80 dB levels was not statistically significant, although the mean live body weight of broilers in the latter was lower during the entire fattening period. The chickens exposed to intermittent noise from day 1 of age showed lower mean live weight throughout the fattening period compared to chickens exposed to the same level of intermittent noise only from day 7 of age, although at the end of fattening the difference was statistically significant only in chickens exposed to the higher level of intermittent noise (80 dB). 相似文献
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Purpose
The potential heat load and stormwater reduction of the anthropogenic, lightweight soil systems, such as green roofs, are valuable to heat island effect mitigation and to urban water management. Benefits of extensive green roofs, as widely used vegetated roof system with very thin soil layer, could be threatened by temporal changes of the soil structure.Materials and methods
Green roof raised beds filled with two different anthropogenic soils (artificially constructed stripped topsoil with admixed crushed bricks and a commercial mixture of a technogenic substrate) were built to investigate the benefits of such systems in a temperate climate. These two soils were chosen with the intent to compare their thermal and water regime. One soil is expected to be favorable for hydrological functioning, whereas the other one for the thermal performance. Temperature and water balance measurements complemented with meteorological observations and knowledge of physical properties of the soil substrates provide the basis for detailed analysis of a thermal and hydrological regime in green roof raised beds. Moreover, the state of pedogenesis was studied on undisturbed soil samples by means of X-ray computed tomography.Results and discussion
The water balance of green roof raised beds was calculated for a whole vegetation season and individual rainfall events. Runoff from raised beds was 38 and 63 % of received rainfall. On the basis of a detailed analysis of individual rainfall events, rainfall-runoff dependency was found for both raised beds. The difference between measured actual evapotranspiration and calculated potential evapotranspiration was discussed on the period with contrasting conditions in terms of moisture stress. Thermal characteristics of soil substrates result in a highly contrasting diurnal variation of soil temperatures. Analysis of X-ray computed tomography-derived macroporosity profiles reveals significant temporal changes in the soil comprised of the stripped topsoil with admixed crushed bricks.Conclusions
Both green roof systems were able to reduce heat load of roof construction when comparing with the concrete roof construction. Similarly, received rainfall was significantly reduced. The extent of rainfall reduction mainly depends on soil, vegetation status, and experienced weather patterns. Methods used for non-invasive imaging proved to be beneficial for studying of soil structure changes.3.
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Chloupek P Vecerek V Voslarova E Bedanova I Suchy P Pistekova V Kozak A 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2008,121(3-4):132-136
Effects of different crating periods on selected biochemical indices were monitored in a group of unsexed ROSS 308 broiler chickens aged 42 days. 120 randomly selected chickens were weighted and placed in 15 heavy duty plastic crates with reduction in floor space approx. 160 cm2/kg of body weight of broilers (average body weight was 2.75 kg). Five crates were kept for 4 hours (Group 4h), another five crates for 8 hours (Group 8 h) and another five crates for 12 hours (Group 12h). After tested periods of crating the broilers were released and blood samples were withdrawn from Vena bosilico in 24 randomly selected birds from each group (Groups 4 h, 8 h, 12 h respectively) and also in other 24 randomly selected non-crated control birds. The results of our experiment proved that duration of crating significantly influenced the stress response in broiler chickens. The duration of crating period was positively correlated with the plasma corticosterone level and negatively correlated with the lactate dehydrogenase, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and lactate levels in the blood of broiler chickens. 相似文献
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Iveta Bedanova Eva Voslarova Jan Chloupek Vladimira Pistekova Pavel Forejtek Annamaria Passantino 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(3):318-322
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of crate type (particularly its height) on selected biochemical indices in captive‐reared mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). The physiological changes in response to 2‐h crating in crates of either 20 cm or 26 cm height were monitored in 6‐week‐old mallards. Plasma corticosterone concentrations showed an increase (P = 0.036) in mallards crated in crates of 26 cm height in comparison with control non‐crated birds, whereas no difference in plasma corticosterone levels was found between mallards crated in crates of 20 cm height and control non‐crated birds. Lower concentrations of plasma triglycerides (P < 0.05) and uric acid (P < 0.05) were found in crated mallards in comparison with control non‐crated birds; the height of the crates had no effect. Mallards crated in crates of 26 cm height also exhibited a higher (P = 0.032) plasma lactate dehydrogenase concentration in comparison with control non‐crated birds, whereas no difference (P > 0.05) was found in lactate dehydrogenase concentrations in mallards crated in crates of 20 cm height. Our results suggest that crating mallards in lower crates (20 cm) may be less stressful than keeping them in crates allowing vertical movements of the birds. 相似文献
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