SONOGRAPHY OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM IN DOGS AND CATS     

Martin  Kramer  Dr. Med. Vet  Martin  Gerwing  Dr. Med. Vet  Volker  Hach  Dr. Med. Vet  Ernst  Schimke  Prof. Dr. Med. Vet 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1997,38(2):139-149

Sonography of the musculoskeletal system in dogs and cats was undertaken to evaluate the application of this imaging procedure in orthopedics. In most of the patients a 7,5 MHz linear transducer was used because of its flat application surface and its resolving power. The evaluation of bone by sonography is limited, but sonography can provide addition information regarding the bone surface and surrounding soft tissue. Ultrasound is valuable for assessing joint disease. Joint effusion, thickening of the joint capsule and cartilage defects can be identified sonographically. It is also possible to detect bone destruction. Instabilities are often identified with the help of a dynamic examination. Soft tissue abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system lend themselves to sonographic evaluation. Partial or complete muscles or tendon tears are able to be differentiated and the healing process can be monitored. Most of the diseases that are in the area of the biceps or the achilles tendon, such as dislocation of the tendon, old injuries with scarification, free dissecates in the tendonsheath, tendinitis and/or tendosynovitis can be differentiated by sonography. In addition, with clinical and laboratory findings, it is often possible to make a correct diagnosis with ultrasound in patients with abscesses, foreign bodies, hematomas, soft tissue tumors and lipomas.  相似文献   

Urinary protein level determination as a rapid method for the detection of contamination of slaughtered swine     

K Fehlhaber  G Krüger  V Schubert  H Rolletschek 《Archiv fuer experimentelle veterinaermedizin》1989,43(6):855-862

Reference is made to work undertaken by Stehle (1983) on rapid semiquantitative determination of urinary protein in pigs for slaughter to identify premortal strain and stress, with additional studies being conducted into the suitability of the method. The investigations performed for this study covered urinary protein samples from 59 living and 762 slaughtered pigs. The Biophan E paper strip test was applied to groups of animals, and, when compared to high-accuracy laboratory determination of urinary protein, it provided sufficiently accurate information on the presence of stress-related proteinuria. Its accuracy, however, proved to be insufficient, when individual animals were examined. The number of clearly stressed slaughter pigs was unexpectedly high, although the same animals had been rated clinically inconspicuous prior to slaughter. Brief rest period resulted in significant rise of stress. The Biophan E paper strip test was found to be suitable for instantaneous determination of stress and strain on pigs for slaughter.  相似文献   

Verbesserung der Krankheitsresistenz von Kohlgemüse: 2. Kohlhernie, Alternaria- und Phoma-Blattfleckenkrankheit     

Paul Scholze  Reiner Krämer  Frank Marthe  Ulrich Ryschka  Evelyn Klocke  Günter Schumann 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2003,55(7):199-204

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Inactivation of soil-borne plant pathogens during small-scale composting of crop residues     

G. J. Bollen  D. Volker  A. P. Wijnen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1989,95(1):19-30

Samples of heavily infested crop residues were incorporated in static compost heaps (2.5–4.6 m³) of the Indore type. Temperature increased to 50–70°C within 6 days depending on the type of crop residues used and the location within the heap. The heat phase (>40 °C) lasted 2–3 weeks and was followed by a c. 5-months maturation phase (<40 °C). Among the 17 pathogens tested, onlyOlpidium brassicae and one of the four formae speciales ofFusarium oxysporum that were tested survived composting, but also their inoculum was greatly reduced.Survival during specific phases of composting was studied by incorporation and retrieval of samples at various stages of the process.F. oxysporum f. sp.melonis was completely inactivated andO. brassicae andPlasmodiophora brassicae were almost completely inactivated during the short heat phase. The three pathogens survived the long-lasting maturation phase without loss of viability. Heat evolved during composting was found to be the most important factor involved with sanitation of crop residues. The possible involvement of fungitoxic conversion products and microbial antagonism is discussed.  相似文献   

Validation of the specificity and sensitivity of species-specific primers that provide a reliable molecular diagnostic for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xiphinema diversicaudatum</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">X. index</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">X. vuittenezi</Emphasis>     

Judith Hübschen  Lilo Kling  Ulrike Ipach  Volker Zinkernagel  Nathalie Bosselut  Daniel Esmenjaud  Derek J.F. Brown  Roy Neilson 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(8):779-788

Xiphinema diversicaudatum and X. index are vector nematode species of economic importance in viticulture regions as they can transmit Arabis Mosaic, Grapevine Fanleaf and Strawberry Latent Ringspot viruses to grapevine. Wang et al. (2003) designed species-specific diagnostic primers from ribosomal genes for both these vector species as well as a vector and a non-vector species X. italiae and X. vuittenezi, respectively. Our study aimed to confirm the specificity and determine the sensitivity and reliability of the primers for the two vector species, X. diversicaudatumand X. indexwhen challenged with closely related longidorid species and general nematode communities typical of vineyard soil. With one exception, no PCR product was observed when the primers were tested against six Longidorus, one Paralongidorus and one Xiphinema non-target species. Occasionally (three out of eight replicate PCR reactions) a weak PCR product was noted when primers for X. index were tested with L. elongatus. Furthermore, when challenged with a range of non-target nematode species comprising the nematode community typical of viticulture soil, no PCR product was amplified. An experimental dilution series of extracted DNA rigorously demonstrated that DNA from an equivalent single specimen of the target virus-vector species, X. diversicaudatum and/or X. index, could be detected amongst 1000 equivalent non-targetX. vuittenezi. Also, extracted DNA from an equivalent single target specimen was detected when added to DNA extracted from the overall soil nematode community. The primers were assessed further by using serial mixtures of actual nematodes rather than extracted DNA to simulate field soil. Using this method, a single target nematode could be detected amongst 200 non-target specimens. Given their specificity, sensitivity and reliability, it appears that these diagnostic primers will be of great benefit to phytosanitary/quarantine services related to the viticulture industry.  相似文献   

Noninferiority trial investigating the efficacy of a nonantibiotic intramammary therapy in the treatment of mild‐to‐moderate clinical mastitis in dairy cows with longer lasting udder diseases          下载免费PDF全文

M. Ziesch  N. Wente  Y. Zhang  W. Zaremba  S. Engl  V. Krömker 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(1):11-21

A nonblinded, positively controlled, noninferiority trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of an alternative, nonantibiotic therapy with Masti Veyxym^® to reduce ineffective antibiotic usage in the treatment of nonsevere clinical mastitis (CM) in cows with longer lasting udder diseases. The solely intramammary treatment with Masti Veyxym^® (three applications, 12 hr apart) and the combined treatment with Masti Veyxym^® and antibiotics as usual on the farm according to label of the respective product were compared with the reference treatment of solely antibiotic therapy. The matched field study was conducted on eight free‐stall dairy farms located in Eastern Germany. Cases of mild‐to‐moderate CM in cows with longer lasting high somatic cell counts in preceding dairy herd improvement test days and with previous CM cases in current lactation were randomly allocated to one of the three treatment groups. A foremilk sample of the affected quarter was taken before treatment and again approximately 14 days and 21 days after the end of therapy for cyto‐bacteriological examination. Primary outcomes were clinical cure (CC) and no CM recurrence within 60 days after the end of treatment (no R60). Bacteriological cure (BC) and quarter somatic cell count (QSCC) cure were chosen as secondary outcomes although low probabilities of BC and QSCC cure for selected cows were expected. The study resulted in the following findings: the pathogens mostly cultured from pretreatment samples were Streptococcus uberis, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase‐negative staphylococci. There were no significant differences between the two test treatments in comparison with the reference treatment regarding all outcome variables. The sole therapy with Masti Veyxym^® resulted in a numerically lower likelihood of BC without significant differences to the reference treatment. The combined therapy group showed a numerically higher nonrecurrence rate than the two other treatment groups and noninferiority compared to the reference treatment was proven. Having regard to the selection criteria of cows in this study, the findings indicated that sole treatment with Masti Veyxym^® in nonsevere CM cases may constitute an alternative therapy to reduce antibiotics. However, noninferiority evaluations were mostly inconclusive. Further investigations with a larger sample size are required to confirm the results and to make a clear statement on noninferiority.  相似文献   

Short- and long-term outcome in cats diagnosed with pyothorax: 47 cases (2009-2018)     

F. Krämer  J. Rainer  M. S. Bali 《The Journal of small animal practice》2021,62(8):669-676

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Responses of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) to different host plants: Implications for its management strategy     

Birhanu Sisay  Subramanian Sevgan  Christopher W. Weldon  Kerstin Krüger  Baldwyn Torto  Amanuel Tamiru 《Pest management science》2023,79(2):845-856

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Methodische untersuchungen zur Sekundärauswertung von Sortenversuchen Bezüglich der Ertragsstabilität von Sorten mit Hilfe der Ökoregression     

Klaus Stegemann  Hannelore Dörfel  Volker Weise 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(5):389-400

In Sortenversuchen sind die Wechselwirkungen Sorten × Orte meist sehr groß und die Mittelwertdifferenzen somit wenig aussagekräftig.

Es wird empfohlen, Landessortenversuche über Landesgrenzen hinweg sekundär regressionsanalytisch auszuwerten, um die Reaktionen von Sorten auf die unterschiedlichen Wachstumsbedingungen der Orte zu erkennen. Auf Aspekte der Auswertung wird näher eingegangen. Die Auswertungsergebnisse der sekundären Auswertung sind für Pflanzenzüchter und Landwirte gleichsam relevant.  相似文献   

Transport stress--consequences for bacterial translocation, endogenous contamination and bactericidal activity of serum of slaughter pigs     

Seidler T  Alter T  Krüger M  Fehlhaber K 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2001,114(9-10):375-377

On transport and at the abattoir animals are confronted with a lot of stressors, such as sound/noise, crowding/mixing, pollutants and infectious agents that act on the organism. After transport stress an endogenous contamination is often seen in slaughter carcasses and presents a hazard for the consumer. These events are often correlated with a rise in endotoxin level (Misawa et al., 1995; Morales et al., 1992) and a modified immune response. Previous own investigations confirm this hypothesis (Zucker and Krüger, 1998, Seidler et al., 2000). The attempt was made to investigate the impact of selected stressors (short term transport (1 h), long term transport (7-8 hrs), high temperature, high humidity and intense handling/moving) on bacterial translocation, endogenous contamination, endotoxin levels and bactericidal activity of body fluids.  相似文献