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du Toit WJ Lisjak K Stander M Prevoo D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(8):2765-2769
The effect of oxygen on the levels of glutathione, an important antioxidant, in must and wine was studied using a novel LC-MSMS method for the analysis of reduced and oxidized glutathione. This study found that the storage of grape juice at high SO2 and ascorbic acid levels at -20 degrees C did not lead to a decrease in reduced glutathione levels. The effect of varying the oxygen levels in South African white grape juices, which included a reductive treatment (less than 0.3 mg/L dissolved O2 added), a control treatment (between 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L dissolved O2 added), and an oxidative treatment (3.5-4 mg/ L dissolved O2 added, without SO2) on reduced glutathione levels in the juice and resulting wine was also investigated. A custom build press was used to press whole bunches of two different Sauvignon Blanc and Colombard grapes. Alcoholic fermentation and oxygen additions to the must led to lower reduced glutathione levels in the wine. Reduced glutathione levels were only significantly higher in the wine made from reductive juice that had the highest initial reduced glutathione levels in the grapes. 相似文献
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Desiree L. Little David W. Ladner Dale L. Shaner Richard D. Ilnicki 《Pest management science》1994,41(3):171-185
Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) were developed between the physicochemical parameters of the 5-substituent of a series of analogs of the imidazolinone herbicide, imazapyr, and root absorption, translocation, inhibition of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), and herbicidal activity of the analogs. An optimum substituent lipophilicity (π = 1.85–2–3) for root absorption was identified for corn (Zea mays L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Translocation from roots to shoots was greatest for those analogs having either highly nonpolar or highly polar 5-substituents, indicating that both symplastic and apopiastic mechanisms may be functioning. In addition, translocation from roots was positively correlated with electron-withdrawing parameters of the 5-substituent, and a possible mechanism governing this relationship is discussed. Modeling in vitro AHAS inhibition was not successful, but models were developed for herbicidal activity as measured in an Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Hevnh. bioassay. The whole-plant models described an optimum substituent lipophilicity (π = 0 71) which probably reflected the influence of this parameter on the component processes of absorption and translocation. Whole-plant activity was also greater for analogs having electron-donating 5-substituents; this result suggests that electron donation may be important for metabolism, or more likely, for AHAS inhibition. 相似文献
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Limits on the use and efficacy of various antibiotics coupled with negative consumer perception of the practice have together spurred substantial research into compounds that could reduce the use antibiotics to control bacterial diseases in pigs. Bacteriophages are often among such potential compounds, and various groups have examined the efficacy of bacteriophages or bacteriophage products in limiting transmission or colonization of targeted bacteria. The study presented here provides a systematic review of such studies followed by a meta-analysis of aggregated data produced by each study. The data set was limited to inputs (n = 19; 576 total observations) from studies where: 1) live pigs were inoculated with a known quantity of challenge bacteria; 2) challenged animals were treated with a known quantity of phages; 3) concentrations of the challenge bacteria were measured in different tissues/fluids following phage treatment; and 4) SD (or SE to allow calculation of SD) was reported. Concentrations of challenge bacteria were significantly lower in phage-treated pigs versus challenged but untreated pigs (P < 0.0001; effect size = −1.06 1log10 colony-forming units [CFU]/g). The effect size of phage treatment was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in samples collected 48 to 96 h following phage treatment versus those collected ≤ 24 h following phage treatment. Likewise, effect size of phage treatment was significantly greater in piglets versus market-weight pigs. Across observations, phage treatment effect sizes were greatest (P < 0.01) in fecal samples versus ileal or cecal samples. Taken together, these data indicate that phage treatment can significantly reduce the concentrations of targeted bacteria in pigs; scenarios exist, however, where phage treatment could predictably be more or less effective. 相似文献
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Desiree L. Little Dale L. Shaner David W. Ladner Berhane Tecle Richard D. Ilnicki 《Pest management science》1994,41(3):161-169
In preparation for assessing quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) for root absorption and translocation of imidazolinones herbicides, 13 radiolabeled analogs of imazapyr (2-(4-isopropyl–4-methy1–5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl) nicotinic acid) substituted in the 5-position of the pyridine ring were evaluated in corn (Zea mays L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The compounds (10 μm) were supplied to the roots through a hydroponic solution for 8 h and, following harvest, plant tissues were either combusted to measure total uptake of radiolabeled material or were extracted for determination of the extent of degradation of the parent compound. Root absorption in both species varied by two orders of magnitude among analogs while translocation, expressed as a percentage of absorption, varied by only three- or four-fold. Few differences were observed for translocation of radioactivity from sunflower stems to leaves. Although six of the analogs were partially metabolized in corn, little metabolism of the imidazolinone analogs occurred in sunflower. These data indicate that meaningful models of root absorption and subsequent translocation to shoots may be developed for 5-substituted analogs of imazapyr, particularly when applied to sunflower. 相似文献
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Winter survival in Sweden of L(3)-stage larvae of the ostrich wireworm Libyostrongylus douglassii 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Libyostrongylus douglassii, a pathogenic trichostrongylid nematode of the ostrich, was recently identified as a potentially important parasite in ostriches on Swedish farms. This parasite is well adapted to the hot and dry climates of sub-Saharan Africa, the natural habitat of the ostrich. The influence of low temperatures in colder climates, such as in Sweden, on free-living stages of L. douglassii is however insufficiently known. In this study, parasite free ostrich faeces were mixed with infective L(3)-stage larvae of L. douglassii, which had been cultured from eggs obtained from two Swedish farms. Samples of the mixture were placed on a grass surface, and analyses for L(3)-stage larvae were performed at regular intervals. The results of the study showed that L(3)-stage larvae may remain alive during a period of at least 97 days on pasture during the winter season in Sweden, even when the temperature within the samples was repeatedly below -0.1 degrees C, and the air temperature varied between -19.6 and +14.9 degrees C. It was concluded that L(3)-stage larvae of L. douglassii probably have the ability to remain viable on pastures during winter in Sweden. 相似文献
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Correction of antebrachial angulation‐rotation deformities in dogs with oblique plane inclined osteotomies 
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Desiree D. Rosselli Benjamin M. Brainard Chad W. Schmiedt 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2015,79(4):303-308
Hemorrhage is a major concern in patients undergoing hepatic surgery or in those with hepatic trauma. In these cases, employing traditional hemostatic strategies can be problematic due to the diffuse nature of hepatic hemorrhage and limited opportunities for direct hemostasis. This study assessed the efficacy of a bovine-derived thrombin solution, (BT), as a topical liquid agent to augment hemostasis and survival following severe hepatic hemorrhage in a rat model. Heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (ABP), packed cell volume (PCV), and overall survival were evaluated in 54 rats randomly assigned to receive topical application of BT, saline, or suture ligation applied immediately to a liver lobe following controlled laceration. Six additional rats received liver laceration with no applied treatment. Intravenous fluid resuscitation was initiated and HR and ABP were recorded for 60 min, after which survivors were recovered from anesthesia. Rats were then monitored for 72 h, after which survivors were euthanized. There was no significant difference in survival time, percentage survival, intra-operative ABP or HR, or post-operative PCV between treatment groups. There is insufficient evidence to recommend BT as the sole therapy using this delivery method for mitigating severe hemorrhage from liver injury. 相似文献