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1.
Equine Post-anesthetic Lameness A Retrospective Study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The incidence of post-anesthetic lameness in 655 horses undergoing 733 anesthetic episodes over a 3 year period was 6.4%. Nineteen factors previously reported or proposed to play a role in the development of post-anesthetic lameness were evaluated statistically. Only hypotension and the duration of the anesthetic period were significant factors.  相似文献   
2.
Evaluation of an Omental Pedicle Extension Technique in the Dog   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
A two-step omental pedicle extension technique was performed on 10 dogs. Step 1 of the pedicle extension involved release of the dorsal leaf of the omentum from its pancreatic attachment, whereas step 2 consisted of an inverse L-shaped incision to double the length of the pedicle. The pedicle dimensions were measured and the distance reached when extended toward the hind limb, forelimb, and the muzzle recorded after each stage of the procedure. The vascular patency of the pedicle was determined by intravenous injection of flu-orescein dye after the second stage of omental extension. Mean pedicle lengths were 44.5 cm with the first stage of extension and 82.0 cm after full extension. The mean width at the caudal extent of the pedicles after dorsal and full extension was 30.4 cm and 17.2 cm, respectively. Eight of the 10 pedicles were patent after full extension. The fully extended omental pedicles reached and, in most cases, extended beyond the distal extremities and the muzzle. The findings in this study suggest that the canine omentum can be extended to any part of the body without being detached from its vascular supply.  相似文献   
3.
Muscle surface capillary blood flow was measured in the biceps femoris and lateral head of the triceps brachii muscles in six horses before and during halothane anesthesia by using laser Doppler flowmetry. During 90 minutes of anesthesia, muscle surface capillary blood flow was reduced to 20% to 40% of preanesthetic values. Muscle surface capillary blood flow tended to be lower in dependent muscles than in nondependent muscles, and this disparity was greater in the forelimbs than in the hind limbs.  相似文献   
4.
Objective— To describe augmentation of primary Achilles tendon repair using suture with a semitendinosus muscle flap and report outcome in 5 dogs.
Study Design— Prospective clinical study.
Animals— Dogs (n=5) with Achilles tendon rupture (n=6).
Methods— After tendon repair with #2 polypropylene in a 3-loop pulley suture pattern, the lateral one-half of the semitendinosus muscle was transected from the ischium, rotated distally then sutured with #2 polypropylene to the calcaneus in a 3-loop pulley pattern. The epitenon was sutured to the muscle flap fascia with interrupted sutures. All dogs had a bivalved cast for 2 weeks then a cranial splint for 2–6 weeks. Lameness scores (0=stands and walks normally to 4=non-weight-bearing lameness, plantigrade stance on affected pelvic limb) were determined every 2–3 weeks postoperatively for 12 weeks. Outcome was determined from telephone questionnaire of owners.
Results— Four had lameness scores of 0, the 5th had a score of 1 at 12 weeks. Three owners were very satisfied with outcome. Minor complications included cast sores (2 dogs), infection (2), and acute swelling (1); 1 major complication occurred (infection resulting in reoperation).
Conclusions— Semitendinosus flap augmentation resulted in early return to function without prolonged postoperative immobilization. Three dogs returned to full work/activity after repair.
Clinical Relevance— Augmentation of primary Achilles tendon repair with a semitendinosus flap can be considered in dogs with chronic rupture but further investigation of the long-term outcome using this technique is needed.  相似文献   
5.
Abstract— Ten female flea-naïve beagles were hypersensitized to flea allergen by controlled exposure to unfed adult fleas and intradermal allergen testing over a 16 week period. All 10 dogs demonstrated a delayed dermal response while nine had an immediate response in skin tests. The development of a positive skin response was associated with an increase in flea antigen-specific IgE levels. The efficacy of prednisone in inhibiting dermal hyperreactivity to flea allergen in the hypersensitized dogs was determined in a blinded placebo-controlled study. Five dogs received 0.55 mg × kg-1 prednisone orally, twice daily, for 5.5 days while five received placebo. Prednisone therapy resulted in a significant, if limited, reduction in both the immediate and delayed skin hyperreactivity. These findings support the use of this model to evaluate therapeutic candidates for flea allergic dermatitis. Résumé— Dix chiennes Beagle n'ayant jamais été en contact avec des puces ont été sensibilisées à l'allergène puce par des expositions controlées à des puces à jeun et testées par des intradermoréactions pendant six semaines. Les dix animaux ont présenté une réponse intradermique retardée et neuf une réponse immédiate L'apparition d'intradermoréactions positive était associée à une augmentation des taux d'lgE spécifiques de la puce. L'efficacité de la prednisone sur l'inhibition de l'hyperréactivité dermique à des extraits de puce chez ces animaux allergiques a étéétudiée en double aveugle contre placebo. Cinq chien ont reçu 0,55 mg.kg-1 de prednisone per os deux fois par jour pendant 5,5 jours, alors que le placebo était administré aux cinq restants. L'administration de prednisone a entrainé une réduction significative, bien que limitée, de la réaction dermique à l'injection d'extraits de puce tant immédiate que retardée. Ces observations font de ce modèle un bon candidat pour des études de traitement de la dermatite par allergie aux piqûres de puce. Zusammenfassung— Zehn weibliche, Floh-naive Beagle wurden gegenüber Flohallergen hypersensibilisiert, indem sie kontrolliert hungrigen adulten Flohen und intradermalen Allgerietests über eine Zeit von sechzehn Wochen ausgesetzt wurden. Alle Hunde zeigten eine verzögerte Hautreaktion während neun Tiere bei den Hauttests eine sofortige Reaktion hatten. Die Entwicklung einer positiven Hautreaktion war mit einem Anstieg von Floh-spezifischen IgE-Spiegeln verbunden. Die Wirksamkeit von Prednison, die dermale überempfindlichkeit auf Flohallergen bei den hypersensibilisierten Hunden zu verhindern, wurde in einer Plazebo-kontrollierten Doppelblindstudie bestimmt. Fünf Hunde erhielten 0.55 mg.kt-1 Prednison 2x täglich p.o. über fünfeinhalb Tage während die anderen fünf Hunde ein Plazebo erhielten. Die Prednisontherapie ergab eine signifikante, wenn auch begrenzte Reduktion sowohl bei der Sofortals auch bei der Spätreaktion der Haut. Diese Befunde unterstützen den Einsatz dieses Modells bei der Auswertung von Therapiekandidaten für allergischer Flohdermatitis. Resumen Diez perras la raza Beagle las cuales no habían entrado en contacto con pulgas previamente, fueron hipersensibilizadas con antígeno de pulga por medio de una exposición controlada con el parásito en ayuno y también con el antígeno intradérmico, durante un periodo de dieciseis semanas. Todos los perros demonstraron una respuesta dérmica tardía, mientras que a nueve, produjo una respuesta inmediata. El desarrollo de una respuesta dérmica positiva se asoció con un incremento de los niveles de antígeno Ig E específico. La eficacia de la supresion de hiperreactividad al antigeno de pulga en los perros hipersensibilizados, se determinó por medio de un estudio placebo de tipo ciego. Cinco de los perros fueron administrados con 0.55 mg.kg-1 de predisolona oral, dos veces al día, por un periodo de 5.5 días, mientras que los restantes recibieron placebo. La terapia con prednisolona produjo una reducción significativa, pero limitada, en tanto la respuesta inmediata, como en la tardía. Éste hallazgo apoya la teoría del uso de éste modelo para la evaluation de posibles candidatos para le terapia de la dermatitis alérgica a las pulgas.  相似文献   
6.
Standing myelography in the horse has been previously described. In that study, metrizamide was used and significant complications were reported. In recent years, the introduction of less-toxic nonionic contrast media has reduced the incidence of complications. This study was undertaken to determine whether standing myelography using a nonionic contrast medium could provide a diagnostic study and be performed safely in the equine patient. Standing myelography was performed in eight horses. The contrast medium used was iohexol. In five horses a myelogram of diagnostic quality was achieved; in one horse contrast flowed only to the level of C6 and in two horses contrast medium did not reach the cervical subarachnoid space. Owing to the difficulty in achieving good flow of the contrast medium in some horses, this procedure may be of limited utility. However, if puncture of the lumbosacral subarachnoid space can be achieved easily and quickly, standing myelography may be a clinically useful procedure. It may be attempted in cases in which the economic value of the patient makes myelography under general anesthesia impractical. In patients presenting for evaluation of ataxia it may be possible to perform a standing myelogram at the time of CSF sample collection from the lumbosacral space.  相似文献   
7.
Transendoscopic neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser was used to treat 12 standing horses with epiglottic entrapment (EE) or dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP), or both. In four horses, transendoscopic laser staphylectomy was performed. The most common presenting complaints were respiratory stridor, cough, and exercise intolerance. Ten horses with EE healed without epiglottic complications; in one horse, partial adhesion of the aryepiglottic fold to one side of the epiglottis was corrected surgically through a laryngotomy incision. One horse with DDSP had no further signs, one continued to have continual DDSP, and two had induced DDSP. Transendoscopic Nd:YAG laser proved to be a feasible means of correcting EE and selected cases of DDSP.  相似文献   
8.
An individual-based life history and population dynamic model for the winter–spring dominant copepod of the subarctic North Atlantic, Calanus finmarchicus , is coupled with a regional model of advection for the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank. Large numbers of vectors, each representing individual copepods with elements for age, stage, ovarian status and other population dynamic variables, are carried in a computation through hourly time steps. Each vector is updated at each time step according to development rate and reproductive functions derived from experimental data. Newly spawned eggs are each assigned new vectors as needed. All vectors are subject to random mortality. Thus, both life history progression and population dynamics of C. finmarchicus are represented for the temperatures in the Gulf of Maine–Georges Bank region in the active season. All vectors include elements representing depth, latitude and longitude. This allows coupling of the population dynamics to the tide- and wind-driven Dartmouth model of New England regional circulation. Summary data from the physical model are used to advance vectors from resting-stock locations in Gulf of Maine basins through two generations to sites of readiness for return to rest. Supply of Calanus stock to Georges Bank comes from all of the gulf and from the Scotian Shelf. The top of the bank is stocked from western gulf basins; the North-east Peak is stocked from Georges Basin and the Scotian Shelf. All sources contribute to stock that accumulates in the SCOPEX gyre off the north-west shoulder of Georges Bank, explaining the high abundance recurrently seen in that region. There is some return of resting stock to Wilkinson Basin in the western gulf, but other basins must mostly be restocked from upstream sources to the north-east.  相似文献   
9.
Abstract A new, possibly breed associated, vasculitis of Jack Russell Terriers is described. Lesions include alopecia and focal crusted ulcers of the distal extremities and bony prominences. Histopathological lesions include single cell necrosis of the epithelium, pigmentary incontinence, leucocytoclastic vasculitis and ischaemic degeneration of hair follicles. Dermal oedema and an infiltrate of lymphocytes and/or macrophages are often seen. Clinically and histopathologically the disease most closely resembles dermatomyositis of Collies and Shetland sheepdogs but the obvious breed discrepancy makes systemic lupus erythematosus the most likely differential diagnosis. Dapsone and anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone have proved to be satisfactory treatments. Résumé— Une nouvelle dermatose à prédisposition raciale, de type vascularite est décrite chez des jack russel terriers. Les lésions cliniques incluent une alopécie, des ulcèrations focales et croûteuses des extrémités distales et des points de pression. Les lésions histolopathologiques montrent des nécroses isolées des kératinocytes, une incontinence pigmentaire, une vascularite leucocytoclasique et une dégénérescence ischémique des follicules pileux. Un oedème dermique et une infiltration lymphocytaire et/ou macrophagique sont également observés. Sur les plans clinique et histopathologique, cette maladie ressemble plus aux dermatomyosites du Colley et du Shetland, mais la discordance raciale évidente fait du lupus érythémateux systémique le diagnostic différentiel le plus vraisemblable. La dapsone et la prednisone à dose antiinflammatoire sont des traitements satisfaisants. [Parker, W.M., Foster, R.A. Cutaneous vasculitis in five Jack Russell Terriers (Vascularite cutanée chez 5 jack russel terriers). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 109–115.] Resumen Se describe una vasculitis nueva, posiblemente asociada a la raza en el terrier Jack Russell. Las lesiones incluyen alopecia y ulceraciones costrosas en las extremidades distales y en prominencias óseas. Las lesiones histopatológicas incluyen necrosis celular individual del epitelio, incontinencia pigmentaria, vasculitis leucocitoclástica y degeneración isquémica de los foliculos pilosos. Con frecuencia se observa edema dérmico y una infiltración por linfocitos y/o macrófagos. Este cuadro se asemeja clinica e histopatológicamente a la dermatomiositis de los perros Collie y Shetland pero la distancia obvia entre estas razas hace que el diagnóstico diferencial más probable sca el de lupus eritematoso sistémico. Se consiguieron tratamientos satisfactorios con Dapsona y dosis antiinflamatorias de prednisona. [Parker, W.M., Foster, R.A. Cutaneous vasculitis in five Jack Russell Terriers (Vasculitis cutánea en cinco Terriers Jack Russell). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 109–115.] Zusammenfassung— Es wird eine neue, möglicherweise rasseabhängige Vaskulitis bei Jack Russell Terriern beschrieben. Die Veränderungen bestehen in Alopezie, fokalen verkrusteten Geschwüren der distalen Extremitäten und Knochevorsprünge. Histopathologische Veränderungen bestehen in Einezelzellnekrose des Epithels, Pigmentinkontinenz, leukozytoklastischer Vaskulitis und ischämischer Degeneration der Haarfollikel. Dermales ödem und Lymphozyten- und/oder Makrophageninfiltrate werden häufig beobachtet. Klinisch und histopathologisch ähnelt die Erkrankung sehr der Dermatomyositis von Collie und Sheltie, aber die offensichtliche Rassendiskrepanz läßt den systemischen Lupus erythematosus als wahrscheinlichste Differentialdiagnose erscheinen. Dapson und entzündungshemmende Dosen von Prednison zeigten sich als ausreichende Behandlung. [Parker, W. M., Foster, R. A. Cutaneous vasculitis in five Jack Russell Terriers (Kutane Vaskulitis bei fünf Jack Russell Terriern). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 109–115.]  相似文献   
10.
Interstitial pressure and pH in the dependent biceps femoris muscle were measured in anesthetized, laterally recumbent horses. The mean (+/- standard deviation) interstitial pressure in 10 horses was 19.70 +/- 0.15 mmHg in the 30 to 180 minute interval after induction of anesthesia. Pressures of this order have been associated with reduction in muscle perfusion. Mean (+/- standard deviation) interstitial pH in six horses decreased from 7.07 +/- 0.30 to 6.73 +/- 0.21 between 45 and 150 minutes of anesthesia. These results indicated the presence of circulatory compromise to intracompartmental structures.  相似文献   
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