Comparison of methods to assess dog owners' therapeutic compliance     

LS BARTER  JE MADDISON  ADJ WATSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(6):443-446

Objective To compare different methods for assessing the compliance of veterinary clients administering medication to their dogs.
Procedure Thirty-one owners whose dogs were prescribed amoxycillin-clavulanate, twice and thrice daily, for a duration of five to seven days were recruited from three Sydney veterinary hospitals. Compliance was assessed by electronic monitoring devices, return medication counts, client self-reports and veterinarians' estimation of likely compliance.
Results Electronic monitoring showed owners administered on average 84% (range 7 to 104%) of prescribed medication to their dogs. Both return medication counts and client self-reports tended to overestimate therapeutic compliance when compared with electronic monitoring. When questioned, the majority of owners (71%) claimed perfect compliance with the prescribed regimen. No correlation was found between veterinarians' estimates of owner compliance and that assessed electronically.
Conclusion Electronic monitoring provided valuable information on dose timing and variation, but proved costly and difficult to employ in veterinary practice. Simplicity and low cost of return medication counts makes this method attractive for use in veterinary compliance studies. Client self-reports reliably detected some noncompliers and permitted identification of individual problems or errors. For practical purposes a combination of return medication counts and client self-reports may have merit in future veterinary compliance studies.  相似文献   

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF ANAPLASMA CENTRALE     

A. H. Waddell  B.V.Sc. 《Australian veterinary journal》1964,40(6):233-235

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Approach to the patient in respiratory distress     

Tseng LW  Waddell LS 《Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice》2000,15(2):53-62

Respiratory distress is a very common presenting complaint in emergency practice. It is essential that the clinician rapidly determine the underlying cause of the clinical signs using physical examination findings and nonstressful diagnostic tests. Oxygen therapy will often stabilize a patient, allowing for a more complete physical examination and diagnostics, including thoracocentesis, thoracic radiographs, and blood collection for laboratory analysis. The disease processes that cause respiratory distress can be grouped according to anatomic location: the airways, pulmonary parenchyma, pleural space, or thoracic wall. The choice of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques will be dependent on the suspected anatomic origin of disease. Techniques useful in diagnosing airway disorders include oral examination, cervical and thoracic radiographs, fluoroscopy, and bronchoscopy. Therapeutic techniques include intubation and tracheostomy. For parenchymal disease, thoracic radiographs, echocardiography, ultrasound of the thorax, and transtracheal or endotracheal wash can be useful. When the disease process is in the pleural space, thoracocentesis can be both diagnostic and therapeutic. Chest tube placement may be necessary for continuous removal of air or fluid from the pleural space. Monitoring of the respiratory patient can involve serial physical examination, pulse oximetry, and arterial blood gas analysis. It is essential to minimize stress on patients with respiratory distress because decompensation can occur easily, leading to respiratory arrest.  相似文献   

Comparison of Antral and Preantral Ovarian Follicle Populations Between Bos indicus and Bos indicus‐taurus Cows with High or Low Antral Follicles Counts     

KC Silva‐Santos  LS Siloto  GMG Santos  F Morotti  TN Marcantonio  MM Seneda 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(1):48-51

The objective was to compare populations of antral and pre‐antral ovarian follicles in Bos indicus and Bos indicus‐taurus cows with high and low antral follicle counts. Nelore (Bos indicus, n = 20) and Nelore X Angus (1/2 Bos indicus‐taurus, n = 20) cows were subjected to follicular aspiration without regard to the stage of their oestrous cycle (day of aspiration = D0) to remove all follicles ≥3 mm and induce growth of a new follicular wave. Ovaries were examined by ultrasonography on D4, D19, D34, D49 and D64, and antral follicles ≥3 mm were counted. Thereafter, cows were assigned to one of two groups: high or low antral follicular count (AFC, ≥30 and ≤15 antral follicles, respectively). After D64, ovaries were collected after slaughter and processed for histological evaluation. There was high repeatability in the numbers of antral follicles for all groups (range 0.77–0.96). The mean (±SD) numbers of antral follicles were 35 ± 9 (Bos indicus) and 38 ± 6 (Bos indicus‐taurus) for the high AFC group and 10 ± 3 (Bos indicus) and 12 ± 2 (Bos indicus‐taurus) follicles for the low AFC. The mean number of preantral follicles in the ovaries of Bos indicus‐taurus cows with high AFC (116 226 ± 83 156 follicles) was greater (p < 0.05) than that of Bos indicus cows (63 032 ± 58 705 follicles) with high AFC. However, there was no significant correlation between numbers of antral and preantral follicles.  相似文献   

MALDI‐MS Lipid Profiles of Oocytes Recovered by Ovum Pickup from Bos indicus and 1/2 indicus × taurus with High vs Low Oocyte Yields     

KC Silva‐Santos  CR Ferreira  GMG Santos  MN Eberlin  LS Siloto  CO Rosa  TN Marcantonio  MM Seneda 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(5):711-718

The aim of the present study was to compare the lipid profile in oocytes of indicus and 1/2 indicus × taurus cows with high and low antral follicle count (AFC)/oocyte yields. After an OPU procedure (D0), antral follicles ≥3 mm were counted by ultrasonography (D4, 19, 34, 49, 64), and cows were assigned to groups with either high AFC (≥30 follicles; indicus, NH group; 1/2 indicus × taurus, AH group) or low AFC (≤15 antral follicles; indicus, NL group; 1/2 indicus × taurus, AL group). The lipid profiles of the oocytes were determined by MALDI‐MS. For GI, GII and GIII oocytes, the indicus samples tend to cluster separately from the 1/2 indicus × taurus samples. The lipid species [PC (P‐38:5) + H]⁺ and/or [PC (P‐36:2) + Na]⁺, [PC (38:2) + H]⁺, [PC (38:5) + Na]⁺ and [TAG (60:8) + NH⁴]⁺ were more abundant in indicus (NH and NL groups) than 1/2 indicus × taurus. The higher lipid content in the indicus oocytes likely reflects differences in the rate of lipid metabolism and may contribute to oocyte competence and embryo development.  相似文献   

Owner compliance with short term antimicrobial medication in dogs     

LS BARTER  ADJ WATSON  JE MADDISON 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(4):277-280

Summary: The degree to which dog owners complied with instructions to administer a 5 to 10 day course of antimicrobial medication to their pets was assessed using microprocessor based monitoring devices. Twenty two clients gave an average of 84% of prescribed doses of amoxycillin-clavulanate. No difference was found between twice and thrice daily dosing regimens in the overall percentage of prescribed doses given. However, timing of doses was far from ideal in many cases and only 34% of doses were given within the designated optimum time period. Adherence to desired dosing intervals tended to be better with twice daily than with thrice daily dosing, although the difference was statistically insignificant.  相似文献   

Introduction: That most remarkable of outside men – Harold Brookfield's intellectual legacy     

John Connell  Eric Waddell 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2005,46(2):129-133

Abstract: Harold Brookfield's academic career spans more than half a century, traversing small tropical and subtropical islands and mountainous uplands, focusing on people–environment relations and linking to a diversity of institutions and disciplines. His unwavering commitment to fieldwork at the local level and to comparative study is paralleled by a healthy scepticism with respect to academic trends and orthodoxy of any kind, whether intellectual or physical. It is the farmers of the developing world who are the source of much of his inspiration. His theoretical contributions are based essentially on his observations of their practices and his learning from their experiences. His academic insights into the processes of change in rural areas of Melanesia, East and South‐East Asia, Africa and South America, where small‐scale ecological studies are linked to global forces, are of lasting significance.  相似文献   

Dryland plant biomass and soil carbon and nitrogen fractions on transient land as influenced by tillage and crop rotation     

Upendra M. Sainju  Andrew Lenssen  Thecan Caesar-Thonthat  Jed Waddell 《Soil & Tillage Research》2007,93(2):452-461

Soil and crop management practices may alter the quantity, quality, and placement of plant residues that influence soil C and N fractions. We examined the effects of two tillage practices [conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT)] and five crop rotations [continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (CW), spring wheat–fallow (W–F), spring wheat–lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) (W–L), spring wheat–spring wheat–fallow (W–W–F), and spring wheat–pea (Pisum sativum L.)–fallow (W–P–F)] on transient land previously under 10 years of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) planting on the amount of plant biomass (stems + leaves) returned to the soil from 1998 to 2003 and soil C and N fractions within the surface 20 cm in March 2004. A continued CRP planting was also included as another treatment for comparing soil C and N fractions. The C and N fractions included soil organic C (SOC), soil total N (STN), microbial biomass C and N (MBC and MBN), potential C and N mineralization (PCM and PNM), and NH₄-N and NO₃-N contents. A field experiment was conducted in a mixture of Scobey clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, Aridic Argiborolls) and Kevin clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, Aridic Argiborolls) in Havre, MT, USA. Plant biomass yield varied by crop rotation and year and mean annualized biomass was 45–50% higher in CW and W–F than in W–L. The SOC and PCM were not influenced by treatments. The MBC at 0–5 cm was 26% higher in W–W–F than in W–F. The STN and NO₃-N at 5–20 cm and PNM at 0–5 cm were 17–1206% higher in CT with W–L than in other treatments. Similarly, MBN at 0–5 cm was higher in CT with W–L than in other treatments, except in CT with W–F and W–P–F. Reduction in the length of fallow period increased MBC and MBN but the presence of legumes, such as lentil and pea, in the crop rotation increased soil N fractions. Six years of tillage and crop rotation had minor influence on soil C and N storage between croplands and CRP planting but large differences in active soil C and N fractions.  相似文献   

Synovitis Subsequent to Total-Hip Arthroplasty with and Without Hydroxyapatite Coatings: A Study in Dogs     

Gail I. Anderson  BVSc  MSc  PhD  Diplomate ACVS    Kent Orlando  BSc  DDS    James P. Waddell  MD  FRCS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2001,30(4):311-318

OBJECTIVE: To establish whether hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings applied to metal total-hip-replacement components increased synovitis in the coxofemoral joint of dogs. Study Design-An in vivo research trial and histologic study. ANIMALS: Twenty-three large, mixed-breed dogs. METHODS: Arthroplasty components were implanted with HA on neither stem nor cup, or with HA applied to either the femoral component or with both stem and cup having HA applied in 23 dogs. Synovial inflammation was scored 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Synovial membrane thickness; polyethylene particulate load; fibrin exudate; membrane edema; mitotic index; giant-cell, mononuclear histiocyte, lymphocyte, and polymorph number; and collagen degeneration were scored and statistical analyses performed. RESULTS: Operated-side synovial thickness was greatly increased relative to control. Fibrin deposition, intramembranous edema, and collagen degeneration were similar within each time interval among the various component groups. The majority of inflammatory scores among the groups were unchanged. In this 12-month study, the presence of HA coatings appear not to have a marked impact on the development of synovial inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: HA-coated components do appear to contribute somewhat to the inflammatory load within the periprosthetic environment, but this effect is not marked. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The major advantage of HA addition to arthroplasty components is enhanced osteoconductivity around metallic surfaces. The slight increase in particulate load seen in the presence of HA coatings may contribute to the development of aseptic loosening of arthroplasty components, but is unlikely to be the major causative factor.  相似文献   

The Effect of Storage on Ammonia Concentration in Canine Packed Red Blood Cells.     

Lori S. Waddell DVM  DACVECC    David E. Holt BVSC  DACVS    Dez Hughes BVSc  MRCVS  DACVECC  Urs Giger PD  DR. med. vet.  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2001,11(1):23-26

Objective: To determine the effect of storage on ammonia concentration in canine packed red blood cell (pRBC) units.
Design: In vitro and in vivo study.
Setting: University Veterinary Teaching Hospital.
Interventions: Ammonia concentration was measured in 7 units of canine pRBC prepared in citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) and Adsol^a on Days 1 and 35 of storage. Ammonia was measured in 4 additional units of canine pRBC on Days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. Plasma ammonia was also determined in 5 anemic dogs receiving pRBC.
Measurements and Main Results: Ammonia concentration increased from 73 ± 15 mmol/L (mean ± SD) on Day 1 to 800 ± 275 mmpl/L on Day (p<0.001). When measured every 7 days in 4 units of canine pRBC, ammonia concentration increased from 23 ± 8 mmol/L on Day 0 to 179 ± 13 mmol/L (Day 7), 276 ± 56 mmol/L (Day 14). 383 ± 47 mmol/L (Day21), 466 ± 30 mmol/L (Day 28), and 562 ± 27 mmol/L (Day 35) (p<0.05 for all comparisons). In a preliminary study, plasma ammonia concentration measured in blood samples from 5 anemic dogs without primary liver disease immediately before and after transfusion with 5–10 ml/kg of stored pRBC remained in the normal reference range.
Conclusions: The ammonia concentration in stored canine pRBC increased markedly with time. In this preliminary study, ammonia concentrations in dogs without primary liver disease did not increase above the reference range after transfusion with pRBC.  相似文献