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1.
Wedlock DN Goh LP Parlane NA Buddle BM 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1999,67(4):359-372
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) was isolated from LPS-stimulated brushtail possum alveolar macrophages using PCR primers based on conserved regions of mammalian IL-1beta. The complete cDNA was cloned by 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The predicted protein of 269 amino acids shared 4346% identity with several mammalian IL-1beta proteins. Constructs were made to express the mature IL-1beta in Escherichia coli and two recombinant IL-1beta proteins, rpIL-1beta1 and rpIL-1beta2, which differed in length by four amino acids at the N-terminus, were produced. Both proteins induced a weak proliferative response in a possum thymocyte assay. Possums injected intravenously with 100 microg of rpIL-1beta1 or rpIL-1beta2 showed profound changes in body temperature and numbers of circulating leukocytes. A sharp decrease in temperature occurred within 2 h of administration followed by an elevation of temperature peaking at 24 h. The smaller rpIL-1beta1 protein had a greater effect on temperature than rpIL-1beta2. Both rpIL-1beta proteins caused a marked decrease in number of neutrophils and lymphocytes at 2-6 h after injection. At 24 h after injection, neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers were elevated 6.0-fold and 2.6-fold, respectively in the possums injected with rpIL-1beta1 and 3.9-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively in the possums injected with rpIL-1beta2. Fibrinogen levels were elevated at 24 and 72 h after injection with both proteins. In comparison, neither recombinant bovine IL-1beta (rbIL-1beta) nor PBS had significant effects on body temperature or blood haematology. The studies have shown that the two recombinant forms of IL-1beta were biologically active in possums and that the IL-1beta with four fewer amino acids at the N-terminus was the more active. 相似文献
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Effect of different adjuvants on the immune responses of cattle vaccinated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Wedlock DN Keen DL McCarthy AR Andersen P Buddle BM 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,86(1-2):79-88
The development of improved vaccines for bovine tuberculosis is urgently required as a cost effective solution for control and eventual eradication of tuberculosis in domestic animals. Studies in small animal models of tuberculosis have shown that vaccination with culture filtrate proteins (CFP), prepared from Mycobacterium tuberculosis or M. bovis, can induce cellular immune responses and confer a level of protection against aerogenic challenge with virulent mycobacteria. As a first step in the development of a mycobacterial CFP vaccine for protection of cattle against bovine tuberculosis, the immune responses of cattle vaccinated with short-term culture filtrate proteins (ST-CFP) from M. tuberculosis and formulated with different adjuvants were compared with those vaccinated with bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG). The adjuvants included dimethyldioctyldecyl ammonium bromide (DDA), diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-dextran, and ST-CFP adsorbed onto polystyrene beads. Vaccination with ST-CFP/DEAE-dextran induced high levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) but low levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) from whole-blood cultures stimulated with M. tuberculosis ST-CFP in comparison with the strong IFN-gamma and IL-2 responses induced after vaccination with BCG. ST-CFP/DEAE-dextran also induced a strong antigen-specific immunoglobulin antibody response with both immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2 isotypes. Vaccination with ST-CFP/beads induced a weak IgG1-biased antibody response but no IFN-gamma or IL-2 response. DDA did not induce significant immune responses in animals vaccinated with ST-CFP. In comparison to the moderate delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses induced by vaccination with subcutaneous BCG, none of the ST-CFP vaccines induced a significant DTH response to either M. tuberculosis ST-CFP or bovine purified protein derivative (PPD). While the ST-CFP vaccines used in this study have not induced strong antigen-specific cellular immune responses in cattle comparable to those induced by BCG, they are immunogenic in cattle and it may be possible to overcome this problem by using adjuvants that more effectively promote IFN-gamma responses in this species. 相似文献
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New generation vaccines and delivery systems for control of bovine tuberculosis in cattle and wildlife 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Buddle BM Skinner MA Wedlock DN Collins DM de Lisle GW 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,87(3-4):177-185
Advances in the understanding of protective immune responses to tuberculosis are providing opportunities for the rational development of improved vaccines for bovine tuberculosis. Protection requires activation of macrophages through stimulation of a Th 1 type immune response. Ideally, a vaccine for cattle should induce protection without causing animals to react in a tuberculin test when exposed to Mycobacterium bovis. A number of new tuberculosis vaccines including attenuated M. bovis strains, killed mycobacteria, protein and DNA vaccines have been developed and many of these are being assessed in cattle. The requirements for a tuberculosis vaccine for wildlife differ from those for cattle. The major goal of a wildlife vaccine is to prevent the transmission of M. bovis to cattle and other wildlife. Although there are a number of technical problems associated with the development of a vaccine delivery system for wildlife, attenuated M. bovis vaccines administered via oral baits or aerosol spray to possums have already been shown to reduce the severity of a subsequent M. bovis infection. 相似文献
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C Fergani JE Routly DN Jones LC Pickavance RF Smith H Dobson 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(3):433-440
Normal reproductive function is dependent upon availability of glucose and insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia is a metabolic stressor known to disrupt the ovine oestrous cycle. We have recently shown that IIH has the ability to delay the LH surge of intact ewes. In the present study, we examined brain tissue to determine: (i) which hypothalamic regions are activated with respect to IIH and (ii) the effect of IIH on kisspeptin cell activation and CRFR type 2 immunoreactivity, all of which may be involved in disruptive mechanisms. Follicular phases were synchronized with progesterone vaginal pessaries and at 28 h after progesterone withdrawal (PW), animals received saline (n = 6) or insulin (4 IU/kg; n = 5) and were subsequently killed at 31 h after PW (i.e., 3 h after insulin administration). Peripheral hormone concentrations were evaluated, and hypothalamic sections were immunostained for either kisspeptin and c‐Fos (a marker of neuronal activation) or CRFR type 2. Within 3 h of treatment, cortisol concentrations had increased whereas plasma oestradiol concentrations decreased in peripheral plasma (p < 0.05 for both). In the arcuate nucleus (ARC), insulin‐treated ewes had an increased expression of c‐Fos. Furthermore, the percentage of kisspeptin cells co‐expressing c‐Fos increased in the ARC (from 11 to 51%; p < 0.05), but there was no change in the medial pre‐optic area (mPOA; 14 vs 19%). CRFR type 2 expression in the lower part of the ARC and the median eminence was not altered by insulin treatment. Thus, disruption of the LH surge after IIH in the follicular phase is not associated with decreased kisspeptin cell activation or an increase in CRFR type 2 in the ARC but may involve other cell types located in the ARC nucleus which are activated in response to IIH. 相似文献
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Prevalences of feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections in cats in Sydney 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
R. MALIK K. KENDALL J. CRIDLAND S. COULSTON AJ STUART D. SNOW DN LOVE 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(5):323-327
Objective To determine prevalences of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infections in ‘healthy’ cats that, through acute misadventure or other circumstance, were presented to veterinary practitioners. Prevalences of FeLV and FIV in this population were compared to those in a population of predominantly sick cats. Design and procedures Serum specimens were obtained over a 2-year period from 200 cats oldeer than 1 year of age presented to veterinary clinics for routine procedures, including cat fight injuries or abscesses, vehicular trauma, neutering, dental scaling, vaccination, grooming or boarding. An additional 894 sera were obtained over approximately the same period from specimens submitted by veterinarians to a private clinical pathology laboratory, mainly from sick cats suspected of having immune dysfunction, but including some sera from healthy cats being screened prior to FeLV vaccination. FIV antibody and FeLV antigen were detected in samples using commercial enzyme immunoassays. Results Amongst 200 ‘healthy’ cats, the prevalence of FeLV infection was 0 to 2%, and the prevalence of FIV was 6.5 to 7.5%, depending on the stringency of the criteria used to define positivity. FIV infection was significantly more prevalent in cats which resided in an inner city environment (P = 0.013). Of the 894 serum specimens submitted to the laboratory by practitioners, 11/761 (1.4%) were FeLV positive, while 148/711 (20.8%) were FIV positive. The prevalence of FIV was significantly higher in these predominantly ‘sick’ cats than in cats seen for routine veterinary procedures (P < 0.00001), while there was no difference in the prevalence of FeLV (P = 0.75) Conclusions The prevalence of FeLV and FIV in healthy cats may have been substantially overestimated in some previous Australian surveys. FeLV infection would appear to be a rare cause of disease in Australian cats. The higher prevalence of FIV positivity in sick as opposed to healthy cats infers that FIV infection contributes to the development of disease. 相似文献
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Despite the potential of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) as an animal model for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) studies, the long term effects of naturally-occurring infection have not been determined. HIV infection causes an ongoing deterioration in immune function which directly correlates with disease, in particular acquired immunodefciency syndrome (AIDS). However, it is not known whether FIV-induced immunosuppression is progressive or related to the clinical condition. This study examined changes in lymphocyte subset numbers of serial samples, taken from cohorts of FIV-positive and FIV-negative cats over an 18-month period. FIV-positive cats were clinically staged as asymptomatic carriers (AC) or cats with AIDS-related complex (ARC), and FIV-negative cats matched and staged on the basis of similar diseases. During the course of the study, 4 FIV-positive cats developed AIDS, classed as the terminal stage of infection. There were no significant differences in the mean absolute numbers of any lymphocyte subset between the onset (to) and the completion (t18) of the study. Similarly there were no significant changes in subset numbers during the 18 months preceding the development of AIDS. While the study period was brief and the sample sizes small, it is postulated that FIV infection in Australia may not necessarily cause progressive immunodeficiency and that FIV-induced immunosuppression (as measured by subset analysis) may not be well correlated with the clinical status of the infected cat. 相似文献
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Nasopharyngeal cryptococcosis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R MALIK P MARTIN DI WIGNEY DB CHURCH W BRADLEY CR BELLENGER WA LAMB VR BARRS S FOSTER S HEMSLEY PJ CANFIELD DN LOVE 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(7):483-488
Naturally occurring cryptococcosis in five cats, a dog and a koala is described. Involvement of the nasopharynx was documented in all patients, and nasopharyngeal mass lesions accounted for the major presenting complaints in four. Signs referable to nasopharyngeal disease included snoring, stertor, inspiratory dyspnoea and aerophagia. Diagnoses were made by caudal rhinoscopy using a retroverted flexible endoscope, vigorous orthograde flushing with saline, or at necropsy. Concurrent cryptococcal rhinitis was present in all cases, although involvement appeared limited to the caudal nasal cavity in most cases. Typical signs of nasal cavity disease, such as sneezing and nasal discharge, were often absent. Treatment of nasopharyngeal cryptococcosis should include physical dislodgement or debulking of lesion(s) to provide immediate alleviation of upper airway obstruction, followed by systemic antifungal therapy to eliminate residual infection from the nasal cavity. Infections caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var gattii accounted for a disproportionately large number of these cases. 相似文献
10.
Z Chen M Mitchell M Segev TH Coskun DN Christodoulides 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,280(5365):889-892
"Dark beams" are nonuniform optical beams that contain either a one-dimensional (1D) dark stripe or a two-dimensional (2D) dark hole resulting from a phase singularity or an amplitude depression in their optical field. Thus far, self-trapped dark beams (dark solitons) have been observed using coherent light only. Here, self-trapped dark incoherent light beams (self-trapped dark incoherent wavepackets) were observed. Both dark stripes and dark holes nested in a broad partially spatially incoherent wavefront were self-trapped to form dark solitons in a host photorefractive medium. These self-trapped 1D and 2D dark beams induced refractive-index changes akin to planar and circular dielectric waveguides. The experiments introduce the possibility of controlling high-power coherent laser beams with low-power incoherent light sources such as light emitting diodes. 相似文献