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1.
Hiroshi ISEKI Michihiro TAKAGI Kenji KAWASHIMA Tomoyuki SHIBAHARA Yoshiko KURODA Hiroshi TSUNEMITSU Makoto YAMAKAWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1663-1666
To clarify the pathogenicity of Japanese type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory
syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolate in experimentally infected pigs, we evaluated clinical
signs and monitored viremia for 21 days post-inoculation (dpi). Lungs were mottled, tanned
and reddish in appearance; had lesions predominantly in the cranial, middle and accessory
lobes; and failed to collapse at 10 dpi. Although microscopic lesions of lungs were
reproduced using the Japanese emerging type 1 PRRSV isolate under experimental conditions,
no significant differences were noted between the challenge and control groups regarding
mean rectal temperature and daily weight gain. These results provide useful insights into
the limited pathogenicity of single infection with the Japanese type 1 PRRSV isolate in
piglets, which differ from findings in reported field cases. 相似文献
2.
Keisuke SASAKI Hideo AIZAKI Michiyo MOTOYAMA Hideyuki OHMORI Tomoyuki KAWASHIMA 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(1):175-180
Impressions and purchasing intentions of Japanese consumers regarding pork produced by ‘Ecofeed’, a trademark of food‐waste or co‐product animal feeds certified by the Japanese government, were investigated by a questionnaire on the Internet. ‘Ecofeed’ did not elicit specific impressions as compared to domestic, imported, Kurobuta (in Japan), and specific pathogen‐free (SPF) pork. Purchasing intent for ‘Ecofeed’ pork was the second lowest of the five pork products. Knowledge and purchasing experience regarding ‘Ecofeed’ pork was the lowest of the five pork products. Respondents were classified into four categories according to their impressions of ‘Ecofeed’ pork. The largest category of respondents did not have any specific impression of ‘Ecofeed’ pork and had little knowledge of pork farming. A category that had a positive impression for ‘Ecofeed’ pork had high knowledge of the pork farming system. In order to establish ‘Ecofeed’ pork in Japan, our results suggest that information disclosure and education about ‘Ecofeed’, its certification system, environmental benefits and the current self‐efficiency ratio of animal feed, are needed. 相似文献
3.
Takashige ISHII Kenji KAWASHIMA Haruo ORIBE Hiromi UEDA Toshiya HASUNUMA Kiyoshi AKIYAMA Hirofumi NAKAYAMA Mitsunori KURIHARA Fuminori TERADA Shiro KUSHIBIKI 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(6):741-746
To decrease the age at first calving in Holsteins, the effects of average daily body weight gain (ADG) and crude protein (CP) level until first insemination on growth performance and milk production were examined. The MM group had a target ADG of 0.75 kg and received a diet with a CP level of 14%. The HM and HH groups had a target ADG of 1 kg; both these groups received a diet with CP levels 14% and 16%, respectively. The ADG in the HM and HH groups was 1.1 kg, whereas in the MM group it was 0.97 kg (P < 0.01). The HM and HH groups showed no differences in withers height at body weight 350 kg. The ages at first calving in MM, HM and HH groups were 23.1, 21.0 and 21.8 months, respectively. The HM and HH groups had lower milk yield at day 305 than the MM group (P < 0.01). These results suggest that growth performance until first insemination should be maintained at an ADG of 0.97 kg or less with a CP level of approximately 14%, to shorten time until first insemination and prevent the decrease of milk yield. 相似文献
4.
Gyo-Moon CHU Hideyuki OHMORI Tomoyuki KAWASHIMA Masayuki FUNABA Tohru MATSUI 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(4):433-437
Microbes such as yeast and Aspergillus are known to produce phytase, and Aspergillus phytase has been used as a feed additive for improving phytate-phosphorus bioavailability in monogastric animals. We measured phytase activity in some by-products from fermented food and beverage productions by yeast and Aspergillus . The phytase activity was as high as 3577 and 2225 PU/kg DM in raw and dried brewer's yeasts, respectively. On the other hand, the phytase activity was approximately 400 PU/kg DM in white-wine yeast and red-wine yeast. The phytase activity was further low in natto (fermented soybean) residue, soy sauce cake, rice brewer's grain and the activity was not detected in dried corn-barley distiller's grain with soluble and sweet-potato distiller's residue. The stability of phytase against pepsin was much lower in the brewer's yeast than in an Aspergillus phytase preparation. On the other hand, the addition of raw brewer's yeast effectively degraded phytate phosphorus in a corn-soybean meal diet during soaking. These results suggest that phytase in the examined by-products is not suitable for the phytase source of conventional diets, but that the soaking treatment with a raw brewer's yeast is an alternative method for improving phytate-phosphorus bioavailability in corn-soybean meal diets for pigs. 相似文献
5.
Toshiya HASUNUMA Kenji KAWASHIMA Kiyoshi AKIYAMA Kenji YASUDA Fuminori TERADA Shiro KUSHIBIKI 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(4):543-548
We investigated the effect of cellooligosaccharide (CE) or a combination of dextran and Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei strain JCM1134T (synbiotic; SB) feeding on growth performance, fecal condition and hormone concentrations in Holstein calves. Fifty‐two female Holstein calves were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: CE feeding group (n = 16), SB feeding group (n = 18), and control group (n = 18). Body weight at 90 days of age, as well as daily body weight gain (DG) and feed efficiency after weaning to 90 days of age were greater (P < 0.05) in the CE feeding group than in the control group. The total fecal score tended to be lower (P < 0.1) in the SB feeding group than in the control group. Plasma insulin concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in the CE feeding group than in the control group at 90 days of age. Our results indicate that CE feeding improved DG and feed efficiency in calves. On the other hand, there was less effect on growth performance and fecal Escherichia coli counts in calves fed SB. 相似文献
6.
Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA Tetsuya TAKAHASHI Kaori NAKAGAWA‐MIZUYACHI Mitsuo KAWASHIMA 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(3):475-480
The presence of a receptor for calcitonin (CT) and the effect of chicken CT (cCT) on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion stimulated by rat/human corticotropin‐releasing hormone (rhCRH) in the hen anterior pituitary were studied. The specific [125I]cCT binding component was present in the plasma membrane of hen anterior pituitary and this binding component had properties of a receptor which has binding specificity to cCT, reversibility, saturable binding, high affinity and limited capacity. When anterior pituitary cells were incubated in vitro, cCT increased the maximal secretion of chicken ACTH stimulated by rhCRH. These results suggest that CT may act directly on the anterior pituitary via its receptor binding and enhances the ACTH secretion by CRH. 相似文献
7.
Yuuto KAWASHIMA Ayako FUJIMOTO Morihiro SAITO Osamu MIKAMI Yoshiharu ISHIKAWA Koichi KADOTA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(6):968
The histology and immunohistochemistry of pleomorphic and conventional epithelioid mesotheliomas were examined. The former was detected in two young calves aged 2 and 4 months and was characterized by pleomorphic and atypical cells with decreased expression of cytokeratin 7 (CK7). In contrast, the latter was found in a 31-month-old heifer, consisting of tumor cells uniform in size and shape with CK7 expression in nearly all cells. Production of collagen by tumor cells was demonstrated in both histological types, and was considered to be characteristic of bovine epithelioid mesothelioma. Pleomorphic mesothelioma is far more pleomorphic and mitotically active than conventional mesothelioma, and its normal counterpart may be immature mesothelial cells with high proliferation potential, which exist in fetal life and early calfhood. 相似文献
8.
Junko SHINDO Katsuo OKAMOTO Hiroyuki KAWASHIMA Eiichi KONOHIRA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2009,55(4):532-545
Using statistical data, we evaluated food supply and consumption in terms of nitrogen flow to clarify its effects on water quality from 1961 to 2005 in Japan. We revised a nitrogen flow model to incorporate food production, trade and consumption as well as nitrogen mineralization of crop residues and livestock manure and denitrification. Food consumption increased steadily from 1961 to the mid 1980s and has been almost stable since then. There was a notable increase in the consumption of livestock products. By 1996, consumption had risen to fivefold the 1961 level of consumption, but it has been stable since then. We concluded that the demand for food reached a maximum in the 1990s. The increasing demand for animal feed was filled by an increase in the imports of coarse cereals until the 1980s and of oil cakes until now. As the consumption of food and animal feed increased until the mid 1980s, the nitrogen load to the environment also gradually increased during this period, after which it tended to decrease. We estimated the nitrogen concentration in river water for 8 km × 8 km grid cells from 1961 to 2005 and compared these estimated values with measurements taken at more than 4000 points from public bodies of water in 1998. The spatial distribution and prefectural average of the estimated nitrogen concentration roughly corresponded with the measured values, and both indicate that food supply and consumption have had considerable effects on water quality in Japan. 相似文献
9.
Akiko CHIBA Kaoru HATATE Rurika ONOMI Chiho KAWASHIMA Masaaki HANADA Tomoe MORIYAMA Akira GOTO Norio YAMAGISHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2020,82(11):1643
This study investigated consecutive fluctuations in serum activities of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzyme 3 (ALP3) in 11 clinically healthy Holstein heifers during the first 18 months of life. ALP3 activities at the first sampling time point after weaning (3 months) were significantly lower than those at multiple time points during the pre-weaning period. Those activities increased from a minimum at 3 months to a peak at 6 months during the post-weaning period. In the anthropometric data, daily body weight and wither height gains appeared to be below the public data at 4 months and 4–5 months, respectively. The data suggested that serum ALP3 activity can be used to monitor skeletal growth of heifers at weaning. 相似文献
10.
Yurie KAWASAKI Yuka AOKI Fumie MAGATA Akio MIYAMOTO Chiho KAWASHIMA Takuo HOJO Kiyoshi OKUDA Koumei SHIRASUNA Takashi SHIMIZU 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(3):173-178
The present study aimed to assess the effect of polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) promoter (A/A, A/G and
G/G) and exons (T/T, T/C and C/C) on immune function and reproductive performance in dairy cows. The occurrence of the first
postpartum ovulation within 3 weeks in the cows with the TNF-α promoter A/G and G/G genotypes was higher than in the A/A
group. Among the different TNF-α exon genotypes, the occurrence of early first postpartum ovulation was higher in the T/C and
C/C genotype groups than in the T/T group. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TNF-α gene did not affect the rate
of artificial insemination (AI) or duration from parturition to next conception (days open). The apoptosis rate of
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) did not differ among the TNF-α promoter genotypes, but the PMN transmigration rate was
significantly higher for the A/A and A/G genotypes than for the G/G genotype. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) mRNA expression in PMNs
and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before culture was significantly higher for the A/A genotype compared with the
G/G genotype. There were no significant differences between the genotypes in the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and
toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in PMNs and PBMCs before and 4 h after culture. IL-8 and IL-1β production by PBMCs cultured for 4
h was significantly higher for the animals with the A/A genotype than for those with the G/G genotype. On the other hand, no
significant difference was observed in IL-8 and IL-1β production by PMNs among different TNF-α genotypes. Taken together,
these results suggest that SNP in the TNF-α gene affects immune function and reproductive performance in dairy cows. 相似文献