Impact of grassland contract policy on soil organic carbon losses from alpine grassland on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau          下载免费PDF全文

J. Cao  Y. Gong  E. T. Yeh  N. M. Holden  J. F. Adamowski  R. C. Deo  M. Liu  J. Zhou  J. Zhang  W. Zhang  S. Zhang  D. Sheng  S. Yang  X. Xu  M. Li  Q. Feng 《Soil Use and Management》2017,33(4):663-671

Carbon storage in the soils on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau plays a very important role in the global carbon budget. In the 1990s, a policy of contracting collective grasslands to smaller units was implemented, resulting in a change from the traditional collective grassland management to two new management patterns: a multi‐household management pattern (MMP: grassland shared by several households without enclosures) and a single‐household management pattern (SMP: grassland enclosed and used by only one household). In 2016, 50 MMP and 54 SMP winter pastures on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau were sampled to assess the differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) between the two management patterns. Results showed that average SOC was significantly greater under MMP than under SMP, with an estimated 0.41 Mg C/ha/yr lost due to SMP following the new grassland contract. Based on the government's grassland policy, four grassland utilization scenarios were developed for both summer and winter pastures. We found that if the grassland were managed under SMP, likely C losses ranged between 0.31 × 10⁷ and 6.15 × 10⁷ Mg C/yr across the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau relative to MMP, which more closely resembles pre‐1990s grassland management. Previous estimates of C losses have only considered land use change (with cover change) and ignored the impacts driven by land management pattern changes (without cover change). The new data suggest that C losses from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau are greater than previously estimated, and therefore that the grassland contract policy should be reviewed and SMP households should be encouraged to reunite into the MMP. These findings have potential implications for land management strategies not only on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau but also other grazing regions globally where such practices may exist.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence of porcine and human influenza A virus antibodies in pigs between 1986 and 1988 in Hassia     

X M Zhang  W Herbst  H Lange-Herbst  T Schliesser 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1989,36(10):765-770

1,268 sera collected from slaughtered pigs in Hassia (FRG) from 1986 to 1988 were tested for antibodies against porcine and human influenza A virus strains using the single radial haemolysis test (SRHT). Antibodies against the porcine strains (subtype H1N1) A/Swine/Arnsberg/1/81, A/Swine/Iowa/15/30 and A/New Jersey/7/76 were detected in 411 (32.4%), 318 (25.1%) and 304 (24.0%) of sera, respectively. Up to 1988 a slight increase (10%) in the seroprevalence to A/Swine/Arnsberg/1/81 was noticed, whereas the results obtained with the other strains showed little variation. Antibodies against the human H1N1 strain A/Singapore/6/86 were only found in sera collected 1987 and 1988 in rates of 1.6% and 3.0%. Serological indication of infections with the human H3N2 strains A/Victoria/1/75, A/Hong Kong/1/68 and A/Philippines/2/82 could be shown in 286 (22.6%), 178 (14.4%) and 135 (10.6%) of the serum samples. Within the three year period the rate of sera positive for antibodies against A/Philippines/2/82 increased from 6.5% to 23.0%, whereas no variation in the rates were found using the other H3N2 strains. Antibodies simultaneously against porcine (H1N1) and human (H3N2) virus strains were detected in 9.9% of all sera tested.  相似文献   

Use of androgenesis in intersubspecific hybrid rice breeding     

J. Q. Yan    Q. Z. Xue  Y. X. Wang 《Plant Breeding》1996,115(5):301-304

Significant differences of callus induction, green plant regeneration and culture efficiency were observed among restorer lines and their hybrids in rice. Average callus induction percentage of F₁, hybrids was about twice that of their parents. Twenty doubled haploid (DH) lines that showed normal fertility with both indica and japonica CMS lines, were selected as widely compatible restorers (WCRs). TG8 derived from CPSLO17/Minghui 63 not only showed normal fertility to both indica and japonica test varieties and CMS lines, but also exhibited superior agronomic traits, in particular short plant, desired plant type, high tillerability, large panicles, good grain quality and resistance to rice blast disease. Strong heterosis for yield was observed in crosses between indica or japonica CMS lines and TG8. TG8 possessed a dominant, widely compatible gene (WCG) that was inherited from the variety CPSLO17. Results confirmed that the anther culture technique is a quick and effective way of developing widely compatible restorers in rice and that it is applicable to the direct use of intersubspecific heterosis with the three-line method.  相似文献   

辽宁绒山羊选种方法的研究     

卢子荣  蒋英 《中国农业大学学报》1992,(3):319-324

对辽宁绒山羊山羊绒品质,包括不同年龄、性别山羊的细度、伸直长度、强度和伸度4个主要指标进行测定,估测绒层厚度、产绒量、体重、细度4个主要经济性状的遗传参数、表型相关和遗传相关。结合育种实践提出在生产中的选择指数。  相似文献   

Rapid communication: genetic linkage and physical mapping of the porcine phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) gene.     

X W Shi  C K Tuggle 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(6):1633-1634

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Geometry problem     

Finegold LX  Tyagi SD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,232(4758):1588

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A formation mechanism for catalytically grown helix-shaped graphite nanotubes     

Amelinckx S  Zhang XB  Bernaerts D  Zhang XF  Ivanov V  Nagy JB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,265(5172):635-639

The concept of a spatial-velocity hodograph is introduced to describe quantitatively the extrusion of a carbon tubule from a catalytic particle. The conditions under which a continuous tubular surface can be generated are discussed in terms of this hodograph, the shape of which determines the geometry of the initial nanotube. The model is consistent with all observed tubular shapes and explains why the formation process induces stresses that may lead to "spontaneous" plastic deformation of the tubule. This result is due to the violation of the continuity condition, that is, to the mismatch between the extrusion velocity by the catalytic particle, required to generate a continuous tubular surface, and the rate of carbon deposition.  相似文献   

Pestivirus infection in a llama (Llama glama)     

Motha MX  Tham KM 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1992,40(3):126

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HPLC法检测发酵玉米粉中的黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

冯建蕾  许梓荣  史莹华 《中国饲料》2005,(16):25-27

发酵玉米粉用甲醇∶水(80∶20,V∶V)提取黄曲霉毒素(AFT),经免疫亲合柱(IAC)分离纯化、在线光化学衍生器柱后衍生化后,反相高效液相色谱(HPLC)荧光检测器测定AFT(B1、B2、G1、G2)含量。4种毒素在0.5ng/g和2ng/g2个水平下,样品加标回收率平均值分别为B188.0%和93.6%、B285.2%和85.3%、G192.4%和91.5%、G289.6%和85.6%;5次测定的标准差分别为:B12.5和6.3、B23.5和6.0、G12.8和9.0、G22.3和6.9;4种毒素的方法检出限均达到0.05ng/g。  相似文献   

Purification and characterization of an antibacterial compound produced by Agrobacterium vitis strain E26 with activity against A. tumefaciens     

H. M. Wang  H. X. Wang  T. B. Ng †  J. Y. Li 《Plant pathology》2003,52(2):134-139

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