Behavioral Abnormalities in Lagotto Romagnolo Dogs with a History of Benign Familial Juvenile Epilepsy: A Long‐Term Follow‐Up Study          下载免费PDF全文

T.S. Jokinen  K. Tiira  L. Metsähonkala  E.H. Seppälä  A. Hielm‐Björkman  H. Lohi  O. Laitinen‐Vapaavuori 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(4):1081-1087

Background

Lagotto Romagnolo (LR) dogs with benign juvenile epilepsy syndrome often experience spontaneous remission of seizures. The long‐term outcome in these dogs currently is unknown. In humans, behavioral and psychiatric comorbidities have been reported in pediatric and adult‐onset epilepsies.

Hypothesis/Objectives

The objectives of this study were to investigate possible neurobehavioral comorbidities in LR with a history of benign familial juvenile epilepsy (BFJE) and to assess the occurrence of seizures after the remission of seizures in puppyhood.

Animals

A total of 25 LR with a history of BFJE and 91 control dogs of the same breed.

Methods

Owners of the LR dogs in the BFJE and control groups completed an online questionnaire about each dog''s activity, impulsivity, and inattention. Principal component analysis (PCA) served to extract behavioral factors from the data. We then compared the scores of these factors between the 2 groups in a retrospective case–control study. We also interviewed all dog owners in the BFJE group by telephone to inquire specifically about possible seizures or other neurological problems after remission of seizures as a puppy.

Results

Lagotto Romagnolo dogs with BFJE showed significantly higher scores on the factors Inattention and Excitability/Impulsivity than did the control group (P = .003; P = .021, respectively). Only 1 of the 25 BFJE LR exhibited seizures after remission of epilepsy in puppyhood.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Although the long‐term seizure outcome in BFJE LR seems to be good, the dogs exhibit behavioral abnormalities resembling attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in humans, thus suggesting neurobehavioral comorbidities with epilepsy.  相似文献   

Muscle fibre type distribution of the thoracolumbar and hindlimb regions of horses: relating fibre type and functional role     

Heli K Hyyti?inen  Anna K Mykk?nen  Anna K Hielm-Bj?rkman  Narelle C Stubbs  Catherine M McGowan 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1):8

Background

Although the majority of equine muscles have a mixed fibre type distribution indicative of diverse functional roles, the predominance of a fibre type can indicate the primary function of a muscle. The deep epaxial musculature has an important role in core spinal stability in humans, reflected as a predominantly muscle fibre type (MFT) I or postural fibre type. The fibre type of the deep epaxial musculature has not been determined in horses. The objective of the study was to determine the MFT distribution in selected muscles of thoracolumbar and hindlimb region of horses. This included deep epaxial and hypaxial muscles that were hypothesised to have a postural stabilising role. A second objective was to examine differences in MFT distribution between horses bred for endurance (Arabian) and sprinting (Quarter horse). Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from selected thoracolumbar and hind limb muscles of 5 Quarter horses, 4 Arabians, and 2 Thoroughbreds. The myosin heavy chain distribution was determined by gel electrophoresis. Mann–Whitney rank test was used to compare the proportional MFT and differences between breeds.

Results

Mm. sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis and diaphragm had the highest proportion of MFT-I. The remaining deep epaxial muscles and the hypaxial muscle m. psoas minor had approximately equal MFT I and II proportions. Mm. psoas major, iliocostalis, longissimus dorsi and the hind limb muscles contained mostly MFT-IIX. The fibre type distribution was similar between Arabians and Quarter horses, although Quarter horses had more MFT-IIX fibres in psoas major (P = 0.02) while Arabians had more MFT-I fibres in m. longissimus dorsi (P = 0.03).

Conclusions

The fibre type distribution of the deep epaxial muscles, mm psoas minor and diaphragm varied from approximately equal MFT-I and II proportions to predominantly MFT-I suggesting a postural stabilising role possibly important in core spinal stability. In contrast the fibre type proportions of mm psoas major, iliocostalis, longissimus dorsi and the hind limb muscles were mainly MFT-II suggesting a locomotory role. Knowledge of fibre type distribution in such a clinically important area can direct diagnosis, prevention and treatment of muscular or neuromotor dysfunction.  相似文献   

A Case of Neospora Associated Bovine Abortion in Sweden     

O. J. M. Holmdahl  C. Bjrkman  A. Uggla 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1995,36(2):279

Neospora caninum is a recently recognized protozoan organism that causes fatal neuromuscular disease in dogs and abortions and stillbirths in cattle and other animals (Dubey & Lindsay 1993). The parasite is morphologically similar and phylogenetically very closely related to the cyst-forming coccidium Toxoplasma gondii (Ellis et al. 1994, Holmdahl et al. 1994). This group of parasites has a two-host life cycle principally involving a carnivorous definitive host and a herbivorous or omnivorous intermediate host. However, with N. caninum, there is as yet no knowledge of any definitive host harbouring sexual stages of the parasite. The only known route of transmission is vertical from mother to foetus (Dubey & Lindsay 1993).  相似文献   

Die Prüfung forstlicher Baumarten auf Resistenz gegen parasitäre Pilze1     

Erik Bjrkman 《Forest Pathology》1972,2(4):229-237

Resistance test against parasitic fungi in forest trees in Sweden. Forest resistance research is carried out at the Department of Forest Botany and Pathology at the Royal College of Forestry in Stockholm in close contact with Forest Genetics research and is performed as a resistance test of plants from seed orchards and tested progenies. Biochemical research concerning the resistance mechanism and an electronmicroscopic investigation is carried out. At present the  相似文献   

Comparison and standardisation of serological methods for the diagnosis of Neospora caninum infection in bovines     

von Blumröder D  Schares G  Norton R  Williams DJ  Esteban-Redondo I  Wright S  Björkman C  Frössling J  Risco-Castillo V  Fernández-García A  Ortega-Mora LM  Sager H  Hemphill A  van Maanen C  Wouda W  Conraths FJ 《Veterinary parasitology》2004,120(1-2):11-22

Various existing serological tests were compared with a standard panel of 523 sera in a multicentred study across Europe. Well characterised sera from animals that were experimentally or naturally infected with Neospora caninum as well as sera from cattle deemed uninfected with N. caninum were provided by the participants of the study and analysed in several commercial (CHEKIT Dr. Bommeli/Intervet, CIVTEST BOVIS NEOSPORA Hipra, Cypress Diagnostics C.V., Herd Check IDEXX, Mastazyme MAST Diagnostics, P38-ELISA Animal Welfare and Food Safety GmbH (AFOSA)) as well as in-house assays (five ELISAs and one IFAT). Most tests showed a high level of agreement in the interpretation of the test results (positive or negative). A further distinct increase in agreement between tests was obtained after the application of standardised cut-offs offered by a two-graph receiver operating characteristic analysis. This procedure allows a standardised interpretation of results obtained with different tests used in independent, parallel seroepidemiological studies.  相似文献   

Neospora caninum and bovine virus diarrhoea virus infections in Swedish dairy cows in relation to abortion     

Björkman C  Alenius S  Manuelsson U  Uggla A 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2000,159(2):201-206

The protozoan parasite Neospora caninum and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) are recognized as important causes of bovine abortion and congenital disease worldwide. In this study, serological investigations were performed to estimate the prevalence of N. caninum infection in Swedish dairy cattle, to assess to what extent it may affect abortion rates, and to determine possible effects of coinfection with BVDV. The overall N. caninum seroprevalence in Swedish dairy cows was estimated at 2% (16/780), and the BVDV seroprevalence was 32% (249/780). Among aborting cows from herds with abortion problems, 7% (26/378) had antibodies to N. caninum and 42% (153/378) to BVDV. Seventeen of the N. caninum positive animals also had antibodies to BVDV. There was a statistically significant (P = 0.013) association between presence of antibodies to N. caninum and BVDV. In a case-control study comprising sera from cows in herds without recognized abortion problems, 6% (5/89) and 1% (1/89) of sera from aborting and non-aborting cows, respectively, had antibodies to N. caninum. Two of the N. caninum seropositive aborting cows also had antibodies to BVDV. These results confirm that N. caninum infection is associated with bovine abortion in Sweden and also indicate that there might be concurrent effects of N. caninum and BVDV. It is concluded that Swedish dairy cows have a low prevalence of N. caninum infection which is favourable in relation to possible future control programmes.  相似文献   

Topiramate as an add‐on antiepileptic drug in treating refractory canine idiopathic epilepsy     

A.‐M. Kiviranta  O. Laitinen‐Vapaavuori  A. Hielm‐Björkman  T. Jokinen 《The Journal of small animal practice》2013,54(10):512-520

  相似文献   

A longitudinal study of seroprevalence and seroconversion of Neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle in northeast Thailand     

Chanlun A  Emanuelson U  Frössling J  Aiumlamai S  Björkman C 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,146(3-4):242-248

A long-term study was carried out in 11 dairy herds in the Khon Kaen province of northeast Thailand between August 2001 and November 2004. The objective was to investigate seroprevalence dynamics of Neospora caninum infection in the herds and to demonstrate patterns of seroconversion in individual cattle. Each herd was visited once a year, in total four times, and sera from cattle > 3 months of age and farm dogs as well as a sample from the bulk milk were collected. All samples were analysed for presence of specific antibodies by an N. caninum iscom ELISA. The overall percentage of antibody-positive cattle was constant and varied only between 10 and 13% over the 4 years, but the variation in within-herd seroprevalence between herds was substantial. Two herds had > or = 20% seropositive animals at all samplings and consistently high bulk milk OD, whereas two herds had no seropositive animal at the last two samplings and low bulk milk OD. Five herds had a decreasing trend of within-herd seroprevalence, whereas the remaining six herds had a higher portion of test-positive individuals at the end of the study. A total of 424 individuals were sampled more than once; 344 (81%) and 32 (8%) were consistently antibody-negative and antibody-positive, respectively. The proportions of animals that changed from being seronegative to seropositive and from being seropositive to seronegative between the years were 3.9-4.6% and 19-39%, respectively. Apparent vertical and horizontal transmission rates were 58% (95% CI; 44-71%) and 5% (95% CI; 3-7%), respectively. In conclusion, the overall percentage of N. caninum antibody-positive cattle was constant over the years, but the within-herd seroprevalence varied substantially between the herds. Seroconversions were likely to occur in individual cattle although most animals had consistent serological status throughout the study.  相似文献   

Custom total knee replacement in a dog with femoral condylar bone loss     

Liska WD  Marcellin-Little DJ  Eskelinen EV  Sidebotham CG  Harrysson OL  Hielm-Björkman AK 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2007,36(4):293-301

Objective— To report surgical planning, technique, and outcome of custom total knee replacement (TKR) performed to manage a medial femoral condylar nonunion in a dog.
Study Design— Clinical case report.
Animal— A 3-year-old, 20 kg Karelian Bear Hound.
Methods— Computed tomographic scan of the left pelvic limb was used to build a stereolithography model of the distal portion of the femur. The model was used to create a custom augment to replace the missing medial femoral condyle and a custom stem for intramedullary condylar cemented fixation. The augment and stem were adapted to femoral and tibial components already available. The model was used to rehearse the surgery and then the custom prosthesis was implanted.
Results— Weight bearing returned 8 hours after surgery and improved thereafter. Joint alignment was normal and prosthetic joint motion was 60–165° postoperatively. The dog resumed moose hunting 3 months after surgery. Peak vertical force and impulse of the operated limb measured 17 months after surgery were 65% and 47% of the normal, contralateral limb.
Conclusion— Based on short-term follow-up, cemented canine TKR was successfully achieved for management of a severely abnormal stifle joint.
Clinical Relevance— With further refinement and development of commercially available prostheses, TKR should be possible for canine patients.  相似文献   

A prospective study of the effect of Neospora caninum and BVDV infections on bovine abortions in a dairy herd in Arequipa, Peru     

Ståhl K  Björkman C  Emanuelson U  Rivera H  Zelada A  Moreno-López J 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2006,75(3-4):177-188

We used a prospective seroepidemiological approach to investigate endemic abortion in a dairy herd in Arequipa, Peru, and its association with Neospora caninum and bovine viral-diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections. Between January 2002 and March 2004, 1094 pregnancies were confirmed in 538 cows. Of these, 137 pregnancies (13%) in 121 cows ended in abortion. The serological status to N. caninum was assessed using a single serological screening, whereas BVDV status was assessed at the herd level through consecutive samplings of young stock.

Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate the effect of N. caninum and BVDV on the hazard of early (between day 42 and day 100 in gestation), and late (after day 100) abortions, respectively. Serological status to N. caninum was included as a dichotomous variable, and the effect of BVDV estimated at the herd level, as a time-dependent seasonal effect. Because data from repeated pregnancies were included, we considered possible lack of independence between observations and included frailty effects into the models. Our models also considered the possible confounding by parity and animal origin.

Only multiparity was associated with the hazard of early abortion (HR = 2.8 compared to nulliparous heifers). N. caninum seropositivity significantly affected the hazard of late abortion, but interacted with parity. The HRs for Neospora-positive animals were 6.4, 3.7 and 1.9, respectively, for nulliparous heifers, first-lactation cows and multiparous cows. Evidence of BVDV circulating (or not) among the young stock was not associated with abortions, but few cows in this herd were susceptible to incident infection.  相似文献