Fruit and seed diversity of domesticated carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) in Morocco     

Mohamed Mahmoud Sidina  Mohammed El Hansali  Nadia Wahid  Aziz Ouatmane  Abdelali Boulli  Abdelmajid Haddioui   《Scientia Horticulturae》2009,123(1):110-116

The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is an important economic resource for Morocco's rural populations. This species is used in reforestation actions and its cultivation in modern orchards is being undertaken to valorize marginal lands and substitute for drought sensitive species. However, little data is available on its intra-specific variability and its adaptability. Morphological characters of pods and seeds from 13 ecoregions of private-domesticated carob were used to assess phenotypic variation of this species. These stands extend from south-west to north-east and cover a wide range of Morocco's ecoregions. Pods length, width, thickness, seeds number, pulp weight, seeds yield and seeds length, width, thickness and weight were measured for 390 trees (30 trees per ecoregion). Statistically significant differences were found between ecoregions for all characters which were examined, what indicates a high phenotypic diversity. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster of all ecoregions lead to identify two major and opposite groups (the northern ecoregions; and the central and south-western ecoregions). Ecoregions of the north of Morocco exhibited the largest and the thickest pods with the highest pulp weight while other ecoregions have relatively short pods but largest proportion of seed yield. Similarly, the northern ecoregions are characterized by the heaviest seeds. A correlation matrix between morphological characters, geographic parameters and precipitation exhibits a positive and a negative correlation of pods thickness and pulp weight with the latitude and the altitude, respectively. Seed yield and weight are negatively and positively correlated to pod width, pod thickness and pulp weight, respectively. In addition, seed weight is positively correlated with the latitude. The geographic pattern of the carob tree and its variability are discussed in this paper.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of natural populations of Atriplex halimus L. in Morocco: An isoenzyme-based overview     

A. Haddioui  M. Baaziz 《Euphytica》2001,121(1):99-105

Based on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, nine natural populations of Atriplex halimus L., a perennial shrub, collected in different regions of Morocco, were studied for their genetic variation using isoenzyme polymorphism of the highly active enzyme systems: esterases (EST), acid phosphatases (ACP) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT). Different allozyme frequencies from 7 different loci were obtained for all populations of this halophyte species. High levels of genetic diversity were revealed. The mean number of alleles per locus (A = 1.9–2.0), the percentage of polymorphic loci (p = 71.4–85.7) and the mean expected heterozygosity (H_e = 0.339–0.385) showed an important variability in all populations. Gene diversity was essentially explained by the within population component. The between populations differentiation accounted for 8% of the whole diversity (F_ST, averaged over all loci, is 0.08). The relationships among the 9 populations were inferred from the Nei’s genetic distances. Four major groups were formed. The northern population ‘Tanger’, forming a unique group, was highly divergent from the other groups. It appeared that the genetic distance between all groups was related to the geographic distance that separates them. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Genetic polymorphism of plastid DNA in Tunisian date-palm germplasm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) detected with PCR-RFLP   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sakka Hela  Zehdi Salwa  Ould Mohamed Salem Ali  Rhouma Abdelmajid  Marrakchi Mohamed  Trifi Mokhtar 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(5):479-487

Fifteen plastid fragments were amplified from a set of Tunisian date-palm accessions by PCR with consensus primers and analysed by RFLP. Polymorphic DNA bands were obtained as reliable molecular markers to estimate genetic distances among the accessions and to examine their phylogenetic relationships. The ctDNA PCR-RFLP method permitted the identification of two haplotypes that differ in the presence or absence of the HinfI restriction site. Phenetic groups composed of cultivars clustered together but does not constitute monophyletic groups. This typology agrees with the haplotypes' organization and provides a common genetic background within the implied varieties.  相似文献   

Effect of nutrient solution salinity and ionic concentration on parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.) essential oil yield and content     

Juan Eugenio Álvaro  María Teresa Lao  Mourad Baghour  Moumen Abdelmajid 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(8):1057-1062

The growth and essential oil (EO) production of parsley were evaluated in response to salinity and nutrient solution concentrations in a soilless culture. Parsley plants that were 60 days old were potted in a coconut fiber and peat moss medium and were treated with four different nutrient solutions, including T1, T2, T3 and T4. The T1 nutrient solution was the standard, the T2 and T3 solutions contained incremental macronutrient concentrations with an electrical conductivity (EC) of up to 2.2 and 3.2 dS m^?1, respectively, and the T4 solution was the same as T2 but with sodium chloride (NaCl) and an incremental macronutrient concentration with an EC of 3.2 dS m^?1. Next, these plants were grown for 90 days in a greenhouse with natural daylight in Nador, Morocco. Shoot and root growth significant decreased with increasing EC. However, the salinity that resulted from the addition of NaCl did not affect plant growth in the nutrient solutions. The optimum obtained growth and EO production were 1.2 and 2.2 dS m^?1, respectively. Consequently, the optimum EC value (based on the EO production) of parsley in the soilless culture was 1.2–2.2 dS m^?1.  相似文献   

The effect of including argane by-products (meal and pulp) in dairy ewe diet on milk quality and production,and lamb growth performance     

Moutik  Sana  Lakram  Nazha  Bendaou  Mohammed  Maadoudi  El Haj  Kabbour  Mohammed Rachid  Douaik  Ahmed  Zouahri  Abdelmajid  El Housni  Abdellah  Es-Safi  Nour Eddine 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(8):2437-2445

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objective of this work was to study the effect of the incorporation of argane by-products (meal and pulp) in ewe’s diet on the production and...  相似文献   

RAPD and ITS-based variability revealed in Atriplex species introduced to semi-arid zones of Morocco     

S. Bouda  F.F. Del Campo  A. Haddioui  M. Baaziz  L.E. Hernàndez 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008

Variability related to RAPD markers and sequences of nrDNA ITS region has been studied in seven species of the genus Atriplex (A. amnicola, A. canescens, A. halimus from Morocco (MAR) and from USA, A. lentiformis, A. nummularia, A. semibaccata and A. undulate). As a whole, the results show a high variability among the species. The biggest diversity was obtained by RAPD data, followed by ITSs. According to RAPD markers, two major groups can be distinguished, one formed by A. semibaccata and A. undulata, the least similar to the rest of species. A. lentiformis was closer to A. halimus. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the divergence of A. semibaccata from all species and the closeness of A. lentiformis to A. halimus. The intraspecies variability was also high, as 39 individual RAPD haplotypes were obtained by analyzing 40 plants. Genetic diversity was bigger among species (60.23%) than among individuals (39.77%). The amplification of ITS region leads to three well-defined clades. The heterogeneous and larger clade includes all A. amnicola individuals and some individuals from A. nummularia, A. lentiformis, A. halimus USA, A. halilmus MAR and A. undulata. Both RAPDs and ITS analyses revealed with some exceptions, that all individuals from one species grouped together. RAPDS turn out to be more appropriate than ITS to differentiate Atriplex species. The two markers gave rise to the same species relationships, but to a different structure of the Atriplex genetic diversity. AMOVA analysis estimated interspecies differences for 11.20% of the total ITS variation.  相似文献   

Importance of iron use‐efficiency of nodules in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for iron deficiency chlorosis resistance     

Abdelmajid Krouma  Chedly Abdelly 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(4):525-528

Several studies suggest that the Fabaceae‐Rhizobium symbiosis is particularly sensitive to iron (Fe) deficiency with respect to NO₃^–‐dependent plants. The aim of this study, which is part of a screening program for common bean tolerance to Fe deficiency, was to study genotypical differences in Fe requirement and Fe use‐efficiency of common bean cultivars depending on symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Results show that ARA14 produces more whole plant dry matter and particularly more nodule biomass than Coco blanc. ARA14 is characterized by a high capacity of nitrogen fixation and a better Fe use‐efficiency for the growth and the function of the nodules.  相似文献   

Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat fingerprints to assess genetic diversity in Tunisian fig (Ficus carica L.) germplasm     

Salhi-Hannachi Amel  Trifi Mokhtar  Zehdi Salwa  Hedfi Jihène  Mars Messaoud  Rhouma Abdelmajid  Marrakchi Mohamed 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(3):269-275

The genetic diversity of 18 Tunisian fig cultivars was investigated at the DNA level using the Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) associated with the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Using a set of primers, the most informative ones were selected that were characterized by an important Resolving power value of 29.6. A total of 47 discernible fragments were scored from samples, with a mean of 11.7 fragments per primer. The 90.4% of sample that were polymorphic were scored as molecular markers to examine the Tunisian fig germplasm polymorphism at DNA level. A large genetic diversity as related to ISSR patterns was found within the local Tunisian fig germplasm. An UPGMA dendrogram exhibits the unstructured variability in this crop. Moreover, the principal component analysis shows that the observed diversity was typically continuous. Our data provide a large number of ISSR markers that are useful in the fingerprinting of Ficus carica L. cultivars, and in the understanding of the genetic relationships among these accessions.  相似文献   

Study the effect of operating parameters and intrinsic features of yarn and fabric on thermal conductivity of stretch knitted fabrics using artificial intelligence system     

Faten Fayala  Hamza Alibi  Abdelmajid Jemni  Xianyi Zeng 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(4):855-864

An artificial intelligence-based system approach is presented in which the effects of the operating parameters and intrinsic features of yarn and fabric on Thermal Conductivity of Stretch Knitted Fabrics are investigated. These parameters were pre-selected according to their possible influence on the outputs which were the thermal conductivity. An original fuzzy logic based method was proposed to select the most relevant parameters. The results show that Knitted Structure’s is the most important input parameter, followed by Lycra Proportion (%), Loop length (cm), Yarn Count, Weight per Unit Area (g/m²), Thickness (m), Gauge, Lycra Yarn Count (dtex) and Yarn Composition. According to our previous works, two types of model have been set up by utilizing multilayer feed forward neural networks, which take into account the generality and the specificity of the product families respectively. The relative importance of the input variables was calculated using the connection weight approach. The results were found to agree with the fuzzy logic based sensitivity criterion. The trend analysis of the developed model revealed the influence of various input parameters on the thermal conductivity of knitted fabrics. Thus, it is believed that artificial intelligence System could efficiently be applied to the knit industry to understand, evaluate and predict thermal comfort parameters of stretch knitted fabrics.  相似文献   

Première apparition de Sipha flava (Homoptera, Aphididae) sur la canne à sucre au Maroc     

Nadif Abdelmajid 《EPPO Bulletin》2008,38(2):220-222

Depuis l'introduction de la canne à sucre au Maroc dans les années 70, les ravageurs rencontrés sur cette culture étaient jusqu'à présent tous considérés d'importance mineure, à l'exception de la sésamie ( Sesamia nonagrioides ) qui peut occasionnellement causer des dégâts par ses infestations sporadiques et irrégulières. Mais avec l'identification en Novembre 2006 d'un nouveau puceron de couleur jaunâtre connu sous le nom de Sipha flava, la situation pourrait devenir plus qu'alarmante. En effet, S. flava est particulièrement nuisible pour la canne à sucre, pouvant provoquer un jaunissement voire même un dépérissement des plants attaqués. Le puceron a déjà colonisé pratiquement toutes les variétés performantes de canne à sucre dans les deux périmètres de cultures irriguées (Gharb et Loukkos). Son identification au Maroc fait de son apparition une première sur le continent africain car il était auparavant strictement confiné au continent américain.  相似文献