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Biohybrid artificial pancreas: long-term implantation studies in diabetic, pancreatectomized dogs 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
S J Sullivan T Maki K M Borland M D Mahoney B A Solomon T E Muller A P Monaco W L Chick 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,252(5006):718-721
Diabetic complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and renal and cardiovascular disease continue to pose major health risks for diabetic patients. Consequently, much effort has focused on approaches that could replace conventional insulin therapy and provide more precise regulation of blood glucose levels. The biohybrid perfused artificial pancreas was designed to incorporate islet tissue and a selectively permeable membrane that isolates this tissue from the immune system of the recipient. Biohybrid pancreas devices containing canine islet allografts were implanted in ten pancreatectomized dogs requiring 18 to 32 units of injected insulin daily. These implants resulted in good control of fasting glucose levels in six of these animals without further exogenous insulin for periods of up to 5 months. 相似文献
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- 1. Digital hydrographic data are commonly employed in research, planning, and monitoring for freshwater conservation, but hydrographic datasets differ in spatial resolution and accuracy of spatial representation, possibly leading to inaccurate conclusions or unsuitable policies for streams and streamside areas.
- 2. To examine and illustrate the potential for different hydrographic datasets to influence in‐channel and streamside characterizations, a study area in the US Pacific Northwest was chosen because 1:100 000, 1:24 000, and densified 1:24 000 hydrography are available and widely used in research and management for several species of Pacific salmon and trout at risk. The potential was examined for differences among the digital hydrographic datasets in: (1) spatial extent to influence estimated abundances of fish habitat, streamside buffer conditions, and fish distributions; and (2) spatial position to influence estimated streamside buffer conditions and estimated stream gradient.
- 3. The analysis of spatial extent found the total stream length represented by the 1:100 000 hydrography was approximately one half that of 1:24 000 hydrography and only one fifth that of densified 1:24 000 hydrography. The 1:100 000 and 1:24 000 networks differed significantly for 13 out of 18 fish habitat attributes, and the three hydrographic datasets differed significantly for many characteristics in streamside buffers; fish distributions mapped at 1:24 000 added 6–14% of stream length to 1:100 000 distributions. The analysis of spatial position found few differences between the 1:100 000 and 1:24 000 hydrography in streamside buffer characteristics but significant differences in channel gradient.
- 4. Overall, hydrographic datasets differed only slightly in spatial position but differed in spatial extent to the point of representing different populations of streams. If species inhabiting larger streams (greater mean annual discharge) are of interest, then results derived from studies based on 1:100 000 hydrography should prove useful. However, higher‐resolution hydrography can be critical when designing and implementing strategies to protect fish and other aquatic species at risk in smaller streams.
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Borland Hayden P. Gilby Ben L. Henderson Christopher J. Connolly Rod M. Gorissen Bob Ortodossi Nicholas L. Rummell Ashley J. Pittman Simon J. Sheaves Marcus Olds Andrew D. 《Landscape Ecology》2022,37(5):1385-1400
Landscape Ecology - Landscape modification alters the condition of ecosystems and the structure of terrain, with widespread impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Seafloor dredging... 相似文献
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ObjectiveTo retrospectively compare the efficacy and duration of effect of three commonly used locoregional blocks in dogs undergoing pelvic limb orthopaedic surgery.Study designRetrospective clinical study.AnimalsA total of 236 dogs that underwent pelvic limb surgery and were administered a locoregional technique.MethodsA total of 236 hospital records were reviewed and 230 included in statistical analysis. Dogs were grouped as following: electrostimulation-guided pre-iliac femoral and sciatic nerve block (group PFS, n = 70); ultrasound-guided saphenous and sciatic nerve block (group SS, n = 76); or lumbosacral epidural (group EPI, n = 84). In group EPI, bupivacaine 0.5% or ropivacaine 0.75% was used with morphine. Dogs were pain scored (short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale) hourly following recovery from anaesthesia. Analysed data included: time to first postoperative dose of methadone, pain score at that time, intraoperative rescue analgesia, intraoperative hypotension and ability to walk and urinate overnight. Separate analyses were performed including all pelvic limb surgeries and including only elective stifle surgeries. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were performed. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. The median (range) is reported.ResultsFor all pelvic limb surgeries, the time to first postoperative methadone was 530 (110–1337), 440 (140–1030) and 466 (135–1094) minutes in groups EPI, PFS and SS, respectively, and was not significantly different. Postoperatively, 10/84, 15/70 and 12/76 dogs in groups EPI, PFS and SS, respectively, did not require methadone (nonsignificant). Significantly fewer dogs in group EPI (18%) required intraoperative rescue analgesia compared with group SS (38%), but not compared with PFS (30%). Significantly more dogs in group EPI had hypotension intraoperatively (30%) and urinary retention postoperatively (62%).Conclusions and clinical relevanceIntraoperative analgesia may be superior with EPI than SS for some surgeries of the pelvic limb, but not for stifle surgeries. All three techniques provided similar requirement for postoperative analgesia, but EPI caused higher incidence of intraoperative hypotension and postopertive urinary retention. 相似文献
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The concentrations of 14 elements (Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, Ni, Ph, S, Zn) were measured in Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. collected from 61 ombrotrophic bog sites in the Maritime Provinces, Canada. Principal component analysis was used to explain the variability in element concentrations in terms of underlying biological or source variables. Fifty percent of the elements and 77% of the variation measured can be accounted for by six principal components. Components relating to the physiological-nutritional status of the plants, and the sources of inputs for the most important elements were explained. It is suggested that concentration of K in Sphagnum magellanicum can be used as an indicator of plant nutritional status, and that concentrations of Na, Ni and Fe can be used as indicators of atmospheric inputs from sea salt aerosols, fossil fuel combustion, and natural crustal or soil-derived lithophile elements, respectively. Sulphur concentrations in S. magellanicum did not provide an accurate measure of long-range or local anthropogenic input. 相似文献
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Cyclosporin was used, as the sole agent, to treat six cases of anal furunculosis, allowing the clinical response to the drug to be evaluated. The initial dose was 7.5 mg/kg twice a day. Following one week of treatment, whole blood cyclosporin trough levels were measured and the dose was adjusted to obtain a stable trough level of 400 to 600 ng/ml. In all dogs, the lesions were found to follow a similar pattern of resolution throughout the course of treatment. The presenting signs disappeared within one week of treatment, with a reduction in lesion size of 50 to 90 per cent. Lesions then gradually healed over the remainder of the treatment, which lasted from 10 to 20 weeks. One case required cryosurgical treatment to resolve a 2 mm diameter persistent ulcerated lesion following 18 weeks of treatment. The length of follow-up was four to 14 months (mean 7.7 months). One case developed recurrence of the lesions eight weeks post-treatment. 相似文献