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Fabrício de Oliveira Reis Eliemar Campostrini Elias Fernandes de Sousa Marcelo Gabetto e Silva 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006
In papaya plants a study to quantify the water flow through the trunk is important for to promote a good water management in commercial orchard. The objective was to study the relationship between water flow through the trunk and temperature measurements determined by probes inserted in the papaya plant stem in laboratory. In addition, was possible to study the relationship between sap flow and instantaneous gas exchange in field conditions. We constructed an instrument that maintained a stable water flux through a 0.30 m stem section with a constant pressure, simulating the xylem sap flow through the stem. Water flux was adjusted by varying pressure of water in the stem section. The mathematical model used to fit the relation between K (Granier heat coefficient) values and sap flow density was the exponential model: u = 0.5511 × K1.9104. Field studies was conducted in a commercial orchard located in North of the State of Rio de Janeiro, with 12 plants in October 2002, and eight plants in January 2003. We verified that instantaneous transpiration, measured by a portable system of gas exchange (porometry), presented a good (R2 = 0.75) positive relationship with xylem sap flow. Estimates of papaya sap flow can be obtained by scaling portable photosynthesis system measurements with exposed leaves, however the relationship is non-linear in higher instantaneous transpiration rates. The causes of the non-linear relationship in higher transpiration are discussed. In addition, was possible to obtain a good (R2 = 0.76) relationship between net photosynthesis rate and xylem sap flow in papaya field-grown. 相似文献
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Girdling and summer pruning in apple increase soil respiration 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The root system of plants derives all its energy from photosynthate translocated from the canopy to the root system. Canopy manipulations that alter either the rate of canopy photosynthesis or the translocation of photosynthate are expected to alter dry matter partitioning to the root system. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of trunk girdling (2008 and 2009) and summer pruning (2009) on soil respiration, maximum quantum yield efficiency of photosystem II and leaf carbohydrate content. In apple trees, following trunk girdling there was increased soil respiration in association with a significant rainfall event suggesting rapid release of organic matter and subsequent microbial decomposition of the carbon. Soil respiration rates returned to baseline levels over time. Reduction in midday maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (RPSII) was increased by girdling when crop load was low and this reduction was not related to leaf carbohydrate levels. Girdling reduced leaf sucrose and sorbitol levels in both years, however, total leaf carbohydrates were not affected by girdling. Summer pruning increased soil respiration within 2 weeks of treatment in association with a significant rainfall event, also suggesting a release of organic matter and microbial decomposition of the carbon. Cultural practices that severely affect canopy sink source relationships such as girdling and summer pruning increase soil respiration, however these effects appear to be very short lived, 3–10 days, followed by recovery of the soil/root system to similar levels of soil carbon dioxide efflux. These cultural practices do not likely pose a long-term detrimental effect on root system efficiency because the effects are of short duration with apparent recovery. 相似文献
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Cesar Abel Krohling Frederico Jacob Eutrópio Amanda Azevedo Bertolazi Leonardo Barros Dobbss Eliemar Campostrini Teresa Dias 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2016,62(1):39-47
In nature, iron (Fe) occurs in abundance and ranks fourth among all elements on Earth’s surface. Still, its availability to plants is reduced, once this element is in the form of hydrated oxides, which can limit plant productivity and biomass production. On the other hand, in high concentrations, this essential micronutrient for the plants can become a toxic agent, increasing the environmental contamination. Fe is necessary for the maintenance of essential processes like respiration and photosynthesis, participating in the electron transport chain and in the conversion between Fe2+ and Fe3+, being a key element for carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation and, therefore, important for crop production of cultivated or natural species. The balance of Fe should be strictly controlled, because both its deficiency and its toxicity affect the physiological process of plants. In aerated soils Fe is present in the form of Fe3+, which is the oxidized form and is less available to plants, so these organisms have developed different strategies for absorption, transport and storage of Fe. Deficiency and excess of Fe correlate with local soil conditions and with the care adopted in plant nutrition during the phenological phases and/or in the course of its cultivation. In situations of excessive accumulation of Fe in tissues, an enhancement of hydroxyl radical generation (OH?) occurs by Fenton reaction. Here, we review the nutritional, genetic and ecophysiological aspects of uptake, translocation and accumulation of Fe ions in plants growing under conditions of deficiency or toxicity of this metal. 相似文献
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Mara de Menezes Assis Gomes Eliemar Campostrini Nilton Rocha Leal Alexandre Pio Viana Tiago Massi Ferraz Luciane do Nascimento Siqueira Raul Castro Carriello Rosa Alena Torres Netto Miriam Nuñez-Vázquez Marco António Teixeira Zullo 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006
The effects of successive brassinosteroid analogue (BR) applications (0.1 mg l−1 of brassinosteroid analogue BB-16) were evaluated on commercial yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) orchards in the first year of production. The treatments applied were: control, BR-1 (1 BR application shortly after the first flowers appeared), BR-2, BR-3, BR-4 and BR-5 (BR application in two, three, four and five consecutive weeks after the appearance of the first flowers, respectively). The fruits were collected for seven consecutive weeks (105 fruits treatment−1) and fruit mass, length and diameter, soluble solid contents; pulp mass and peel thickness were evaluated in the laboratory. Multivariate analysis was performed in order to determine whether there were differences among the treatments taking into account all the measurements made. BR-3 was the most promising treatment because it produced the highest number of fruits plant−1 (81.5) compared to the control (53.5) and the soluble solid content was 1 °Brix greater than the control. The BR-3 treatment resulted in a 65% increase in the estimated yield of the passion fruit plants, corresponding to 20 t ha−1 compared to the control yield of 12 t ha−1. The results showed that BB-16 sprayed during a period of reproductive development can increase the number of fruits per plant. 相似文献
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Leandro G. R. Pinho Eliemar Campostrini Pedro H. Monnerat Alena Torres Netto André Assis Pires Cláudio Roberto Marciano 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):439-451
Boron (B) deficiency causes a wide array of symptoms, not only among species of palms, but also within a single species (i.e. Cocos nucifera). A better understanding of the effects of B deficiency in coconut will be important to try optimizing a rational fertilization management in coconut plants. Thus, modification of PSII photochemistry (using a group of fluorescence parameters, called the JIP- test, that quantify the stepwise flow of energy through Photosystem II) and gas-exchange in boron deficient green dwarf coconut plants were investigated. Our results suggest that a modification of PSII photochemistry (non-stomatic effects) and gas-exchange (stomatic effects) were induced by boron deficiency. Such modifications are manifested by (1) increase the ratio of total dissipation to the amount of active reaction centers (RCs) [dissipation (DI)/RC] and (2) leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference (VPDleaf-air). These modifications (on PSII photochemistry and gas-exchange) were caused by a decrease in energy absorbed per excited cross-section [absorption flux (ABS)/cross section of the sample (CS0)], density of active reaction centers (RC/CS), maximal trapping rate of an exciton that will lead to QA reduction measured over a cross- section of active and inactive RCs [trapping flux (TR)/CS0], electron transport per excited cross-section [electron transport flux (ET0)/CS)], area above curve (proportional to the pool size of the electron acceptors QA on the reducing side of PSII), photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), chlorophyll concentration (SPAD readings), growth parameters (root DW and height plant). Our results demonstrate that by analyzing fluorescence (JIP test parameters) derived from the polyphasic fluorescence transients measurements were able to estimate the functional changes of PSII in B deficient coconut plants. The results in this study suggest that fluorescence analysis (JIP test) and instantaneous measurements of gas-exchange can be useful tools in assessing the physiological effects of B deficiency in green dwarf coconut. 相似文献
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Ischia M. Campostrini R. Carturan G. Zottele L. Defrancesco F. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2002,138(1-4):223-234
Silica powders of varying morphology were prepared by the sol-gel technique. Typical sol-gel parameters, such as pH of the hydrolysing water solution,H2O/≡Si-OCH2CH3 molar ratio,thermostatting temperature, and rate of addition of hydrolysingwater, were varied in order to prepare different tailoredsamples, which were then exhaustively hydrolyzed in boilingwater. Samples were characterized by several analyticaltechniques, including surface area and porosity determinations,FT-IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric-mass spectrometriccoupled analyses. Samples were used as sequestrants to fixBe2+ from diluted water solutions, starting from 5 Beμg L-1. Their adsorption capabilities werecompared; results were analyzed and discussed taking intoaccount the morphological features of used samples and possible preferential Be2+ adsorption by active sites present on the sol-gel SiO2 surface. 相似文献
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