Salmonellae in sewage sludge. I. Occurrence     

C R Findlay 《The Veterinary record》1973,93(4):100-101

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Evaluation of brief dietary questions to estimate vegetable and fruit consumption - using serum carotenoids and red-cell folate     

Coyne T  Ibiebele TI  McNaughton S  Rutishauser IH  O'Dea K  Hodge AM  McClintock C  Findlay MG  Lee A 《Public health nutrition》2005,8(3):298-308

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate responses to self-administered brief questions regarding consumption of vegetables and fruit by comparison with blood levels of serum carotenoids and red-cell folate. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study in which participants reported their usual intake of fruit and vegetables in servings per day, and serum levels of five carotenoids (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin and lycopene) and red-cell folate were measured. Serum carotenoid levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and red-cell folate by an automated immunoassay system. SETTINGS AND SUBJECTS: Between October and December 2000, a sample of 1598 adults aged 25 years and over, from six randomly selected urban centres in Queensland, Australia, were examined as part of a national study conducted to determine the prevalence of diabetes and associated cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: Statistically significant (P<0.01) associations with vegetable and fruit intake (categorised into groups: /=4 servings per day) were observed for alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin and red-cell folate. The mean level of these carotenoids and of red-cell folate increased with increasing frequency of reported servings of vegetables and fruit, both before and after adjusting for potential confounding factors. A significant association with lycopene was observed only for vegetable intake before adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that brief questions may be a simple and valuable tool for monitoring vegetable and fruit intake in this population.  相似文献   

THE APPEAL OF SCIENCE TO THE COMMUNITY     

Findlay A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1925,62(1608):357-363

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Thermal contrast in the atmosphere of venus: initial appraisal from pioneer venus probe data     

Seiff A  Kirk DB  Young RE  Sommer SC  Blanchard RC  Findlay JT  Kelly GM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1979,205(4401):46-49

The altitude profiles of temperature and pressure measured during the descent of the four Pioneer Venus probes show small contrast below the clouds but significant differences within the clouds at altitudes from 45 to 61 kilometers. At 60 kilometers, the probe which entered at 59.3 degrees north latitude sensed temperatures 25 K below those of the lower latitude probes, and a sizable difference persisted down to and slightly below the cloud base. It also sensed pressure below those of the other probes by as much as 49 millibars at a mean pressure of 200 millibars. The measured pressure differences are consistent with cyclostrophic balance of zonal winds ranging from 130 +/- 20 meters per second at 60 kilometers to 60 +/- 17 meters per second at 40 kilometers, with evidence in addition of a nonaxisymmetric component of the winds. The clouds were found to be 10 to 20 K warmer than the extended profiles of the lower atmosphere, and the middle cloud is convectively unstable. Both phenomena are attributed to the absorption of thermal radiation from below. Above the clouds, in the lower stratosphere, the lapse rate decreases abruptly to 3.5 K per kilometer, and a superimposed wave is evident. At 100 kilometers, the temperature is minimum, with a mean value of about 170 K.  相似文献   

THE USE OF A SYNTHETIC PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGUE TO INDUCE OESTRUS IN MARES     

G. E. Shepherd  J. K. Findlay  M. J. Cooper    W. R. Allen 《Australian veterinary journal》1976,52(8):345-348

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Letter: The Feline Advisory Bureau and vivisection     

R C Povey  M A Findlay  O F Jackson 《The Journal of small animal practice》1973,14(10):651-652

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Letter to the Editor     

Michael A.  Findlay 《The Journal of small animal practice》1974,15(5):347-347

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Incidents of poisoning of honeybees (Apis mellifera) by agricultural pesticides in Great Britain 1981–1991     

P.W. Greig-Smith  H.M. Thompson  A.R. Hardy  M.H. Bew  E. Findlay  J.H. Stevenson 《Crop Protection》1994,13(8):567-581

Suspected cases of poisoning of honeybees by agricultural pesticides are investigated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (in England and Wales) and the Scottish Office Agriculture and Fisheries Department (in Scotland). Studies include field visits to sites where bee mortality is recorded, examination of dead bees for disease, and analysis for the presence of pesticide residues. This paper reviews the results of these investigations for the period 1981–1991. Pesticide poisoning is diagnosed from the detection of residues in dead bees, through interpretation in relation to the median lethal dose (LD₅₀), and ‘subsequent residue level’ (SRL) determined from laboratory studies in which bees were exposed to one LD₅₀ dose. Overall, an annual average of 50 incidents were confirmed as due to pesticide poisoning, involving 30 pesticide active ingredients during the 1981–1991 period. In England and Wales, the principal hazards were caused by misuse of the insecticide triazophos on oilseed rape, a problem that has been reduced to low levels during the 1980s, and by dimethoate use on a variety of arable crops. In Scotland there were fewer incidents, most of which were associated with use of fenitrothion on raspberries, and gamma-HCH on oilseed rape. Opportunities for reducing the risks of poisoning, and for refining the investigation of suspected incidents, are discussed.  相似文献   

Measurement uncertainty associated with sample processing of oranges and tomatoes for pesticide residue analysis     

Fussell RJ  Hetmanski MT  Macarthur R  Findlay D  Smith F  Ambrus A  Brodesser PJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(4):1062-1070

The homogeneity of analytical samples and the stability of pesticides during the sample processing of oranges and tomatoes were evaluated. The mean concentrations of 14C-labeled chlorpyrifos in analytical portions (subsamples) after processing show that homogeneity is dependent on sample type as well as the processing procedure. The homogeneity of analytical samples of tomatoes processed cryogenically was much better than those processed at ambient temperature. For tomatoes, the minimum analytical portion masses required for between-analytical portion variation of < 0.3 Ho were 110 and 5 g for processing at ambient and cryogenic temperatures, respectively. Results for orange showed that analytical portion sizes of 5 g provided sufficient homogeneity from both sample processing procedures. Assessments of pesticide stability demonstrated that most were relatively stable during processing at either ambient or cryogenic temperatures. However, some pesticides, including dichlofluanid, chlorothalonil, tolylfluanid, and dicloran, appeared to suffer much greater losses (>20%) during processing at ambient temperature. For these analytes, loss is interpreted as chemical degradation.  相似文献   

Estimating the ‘critical’ distance at which adjacent land-use degrades wetland water and sediment quality   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Houlahan  Jeff E.  Findlay  C. Scott 《Landscape Ecology》2004,19(6):677-690

Conversion of forested lands to agriculture or urban/residential areas has been associated with declines in stream and lake water quality. Less attention has been paid to the effects of adjacent land-uses on wetland sediment and water quality and, perhaps more importantly, the spatial scales at which these effects occur. Here we address these issues by examining variation in water and sediment nutrient levels in 73 southeastern Ontario, Canada, wetlands. We modeled the relationship between water and sediment nutrient concentrations and various measures of adjacent land-use such as forest cover and road density, measured over increasing distances from the wetland edge. We found that water nitrogen and phosphorous levels were negatively correlated with forest cover at 2250 meters from the wetland edge, while sediment phosphorous levels were negatively correlated with wetland size and forest cover at 4000 meters and positively correlated with the proportion of land within 4000 meters that is itself wetland. These results suggest that the effects of adjacent land-use on wetland sediment and water quality can extend over comparatively large distances. As such, effective wetland conservation will not be achieved merely through the creation of narrow buffer zones between wetlands and more intensive land-uses. Rather, sustaining high wetland water quality will require maintaining a heterogeneous regional landscape containing relatively large areas of natural forest and wetlands.  相似文献