Catalog of Micro-Tom tomato responses to common fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens     

Hideki Takahashi  Ayano Shimizu  Tsutomu Arie  Syofi Rosmalawati  Sumire Fukushima  Mari Kikuchi  Yasufumi Hikichi  Ayami Kanda  Akiko Takahashi  Akinori Kiba  Kohei Ohnishi  Yuki Ichinose  Fumiko Taguchi  Chihiro Yasuda  Motoichiro Kodama  Mayumi Egusa  Chikara Masuta  Hiroyuki Sawada  Daisuke Shibata  Koichi Hori  Yuichiro Watanabe 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(1):8-22

Lycopersicon esculentum cultivar Micro-Tom is a miniature tomato with many advantages for studies of the molecular biology and physiology of plants. To evaluate the suitability of Micro-Tom as a host plant for the study of pathogenesis, Micro-Tom plants were inoculated with 16 well-known fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens of tomato. Athelia rolfsii, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Oidium sp., Phytophthora infestans, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum caused typical symptoms and sporulated abundantly on Micro-Tom. Micro-Tom was resistant to Alternaria alternata, Corynespora cassiicola, and Fusarium oxysporum. When Micro-Tom was inoculated with 17 isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum, many isolates induced wilt symptoms. Agrobacterium tumefaciens also was pathogenic, causing crown galls on stem tissue after needle prick inoculation. In Micro-Tom sprayed with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, P. s. pv. tabaci, or P. s. pv. glycinea, bacterial populations did not increase, and yellow lesions appeared only on leaves sprayed with P. s. pv. tomato. Tomato mosaic virus, Tomato aspermy virus, and Cucumber mosaic virus systemically infected Micro-Tom, which developed symptoms characteristic of other cultivars of tomato after infection with the respective virus. These results indicated that Micro-Tom was generally susceptible to most of the important tomato pathogens and developed typical symptoms, whereas certain pathogens were restricted by either hypersensitive resistance or nonhost resistance on Micro-Tom. Therefore, an assortment of Micro-Tom–pathogen systems should provide excellent models for studying the mechanism of susceptible and resistant interactions between plants and pathogens.  相似文献   

Need for flagella for complete virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci: genetic analysis with flagella-defective mutants ?fliC and ?fliD in host tobacco plants     

Yuki Ichinose  Rena Shimizu  Yoko Ikeda  Fumiko Taguchi  Mizuri Marutani  Takafumi Mukaihara  Yoshishige Inagaki  Kazuhiro Toyoda  Tomonori Shiraishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(4):244-249

The flagellins purified from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci induce a hypersensitive reaction in nonhost tomato cells. To investigate the role of flagella and flagellin in the compatible interaction, we generated two types of flagella-defective mutant. The fliC mutant lost the fliC gene that encodes flagellin protein, whereas the fliD mutant lost the fliD gene that encodes HAP2-capping protein. The two mutants had markedly reduced ability to cause disease symptoms in tobacco leaves. Furthermore, propagation of the mutants in tobacco leaves was less than that in wild-type pv. tabaci. Compared to the inoculation with wild-type pv. tabaci, inoculation with the two mutants did not markedly induce the expression of typical defense response-related genes such as PAL and hsr203J. Complementation of each fliC and fliD gene to the corresponding deficient mutant restored motility and virulence. These results indicate that flagella of P. syringae pv. tabaci are indispensable organelles for complete virulence on host tobacco plants.  相似文献   

Localization of cytokines in tendinocytes of the superficial digital flexor tendon in the horse     

Hosaka Y  Kirisawa R  Yamamoto E  Ueda H  Iwai H  Takehana K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(10):945-947

Although inflammatory activation of cytokines have been analyzed in various tissues, there have only been a few and as-yet-inconclusive studies on cytokines in equine tendons. In this study, the localizations of 4 cytokines (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNFalpha and IFNgamma) in tendinocytes of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) were analyzed by the use of an immunohistochemical method. In inflamed tendons positive staining for all 4 cytokines antibodies were detected in endotedinieum cells and vascular epithelial cells. In contrast, negative or trace immunoreactions were obtained in many tendinocytes in the normal tendon. The variation in cellular immune responses depending on the kind of cytokine may reflect the physiological/pathological condition of the SDFT.  相似文献   

The effect of strain, growth stage, and cultivating condition of Ganoderma lucidum on 5α-reductase inhibition     

Jie Liu  Rumi Fujita  Michiko Sato  Kuniyoshi Shimizu  Fumiko Konishi  Kiyoshi Noda  Shoichiro Kumamoto  Chie Ueda  Hisatoshi Tajiri  Shuhei Kaneko  Yoshitaro Suimi  Ryuichiro Kondo 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(2):189-192

The inhibitory effects of 102 methanol extracts of 40 mycelia, 9 culture fluids, and 53 fruiting bodies of 40 strains of Ganoderma lucidum on 5-reductase were investigated. The methanol extract of the fruiting body of each strain was found to show the strongest 5-reductase inhibitory activity among the extracts tested.  相似文献   

Variations in the morphology of Rhizomucor pusillus in granulomatous lesions of a Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus)     

Fumiko SUZUTA  Kumiko KIMURA  Ryo URAKAWA  Yukio KUSUDA  Shogo TANAKA  Yasuko HANAFUSA  Makoto HARITANI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(8):1029-1031

This report presents a new case of mucormycosis encountered in penguin characterized by morphological variation of hyphae and presence of sporangia with numerous sporangiospores. A 4.5-year-old Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) died after exhibiting anorexia, poor nutritional condition and dyspnea. Multiple nodular lesions were observed in the thoracic and abdominal regions. Histopathologically, hyphae of various sizes were seen in the lungs, air sac and nodular lesions. Myriad sporangiospores and several sporangia were observed in/around the bronchi or parabronchi. The very narrow and short hyphae in the nodules were not consistent with the characteristics of Mucorales. However, for most hyphae, including those in the nodules, sporangiospores and sporangia, immunohistochemistry revealed Mucorales-positive reactions. In addition, these fungi were identified as Rhizomucor pusillus by gene analysis.  相似文献   

Prenatal Development of the Eye Tunics in the Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)     

M. Abdo  Y. Z. Hosaka  A. Erasha  M. Nada  S. Ali  M. Uehara 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2014,43(4):257-264

Studies of ocular development in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) have not been reported previously. The aim of the present investigation was therefore to document the major landmarks and the time course in the prenatal development of the eye tunics in dromedary camel and its accommodation with the surrounding hard environment of the desert. Serial histological sections of dromedary camel embryos and foetuses were used. Age estimation was made on the basis of gestational size, crown vertebral‐rump length (CVRL), which ranged 1.2–110 cm. The eye of the dromedary camel developed in a similar manner to that of the human and domestic animals eyes; the principal differences were in the time of occurrence of certain developmental events, pigmented peripheral cornea near the limbus, a remarkably thickened Descemet's membrane and pigmentation in the corneo‐scleral junction, which represent an adaptive modification in relation to a severe environment.  相似文献   

Experimental Final Hosts of Metagonimus Hakubaensis (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) and Their Suitability to the Fluke     

Noboru KUDO  Chieko OTA  Fumiko SAKA  Yae IKEDA  Yusuke TOMIHISA  Yasunaga ITOI  Takashi OYAMADA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(12):1651-1654

Seven laboratory mammal and bird species were orally inoculated with 200–1,000 encysted Metagonimus hakubaensis metacercariae that had been isolated from naturally infected lampreys (Lethenteron reissneri) captured in Aomori Prefecture. At 8 and 15 days post-infection, adult flukes were recovered from all of the laboratory animals tested, and therefore, hamster, rat, mouse, dog, cat, chicken and quail were considered as final hosts of M. hakubaensis. Recovery rates of the fluke were higher in dogs and hamsters than in cats, rats, mice, chickens and quails. The flukes recovered from dogs and hamsters showed increased body length and higher fecundity than those recovered from the other hosts. These results indicate that the suitability of dogs and hamsters for M. hakubaensis infection is higher than that of the other laboratory animals.  相似文献   

Establishment of a Model of Spontaneously-Running-Tokushima-Shikoku Rats with Left Atrial Thrombosis     

Takamasa Ohnishi  Fumiko Hisaoka  Masaki Morishima  Akira Takahashi  Nagakatsu Harada  Kazuaki Mawatari  Hidekazu Arai  Emiko Yoshioka  Satomi Toda  Izumi Keisuke  Yutaka Nakaya 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2014,27(1):51-56

Studies that investigate the underlying mechanisms of disease and treatment options typically require the use of a suitable animal model. Few suitable animal models exist for left atrial thrombosis. Here, we demonstrated that the Spontaneously-Running-Tokushima-Shikoku (SPORTS) rat — a Wistar strain known for its running ability—is predisposed to the development of thrombi in the left atrium. We investigated the incidence of left atrial thrombosis in male (n = 16) and female (n = 17) SPORTS rats and observed organized atrial thrombosis in 57% and 38% of males and female rats, respectively. In the male rats, systolic blood pressures and heart rates were significantly higher in SPORTS rats than in control Wistar rats. We could not find any evidence of arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, during electrocardiographic examination of SPORTS rats. We believe that the SPORTS rat could serve as a new research model for left atrial thrombosis; further, it may be suitable for research investigating the development of new antithrombotic approaches for the control of atrial thrombosis or familial thrombophilia in humans.  相似文献   

Application of a PCR-Based Cytoplasm Genotyping Method for Phylogenetic Analysis in Potato     

Kazuyoshi Hosaka  Rena Sanetomo 《American Journal of Potato Research》2014,91(3):246-253

We previously developed five polymerase chain reaction-based markers (T, S, SAC, D, and A) to distinguish potato cytoplasms into six types (M, P, A, W, T, and D). As the applicability of this genotyping method for phylogenetic studies had been questioned, we applied this method to species distantly related to cultivars (four accessions of two tomato species, and 176 accessions of 29 Solanum species). The T marker uncovered two insertions, which, along with a unique S marker band, supported independency of series Piurana. The A and D markers generated unique bands to A- and D-type cytoplasms, respectively, but the SAC marker generated a similar banding pattern to the cytoplasms of both cultivated and their distantly related species. Consequently, while the cytoplasm type definition is validated only among cultivated potatoes and their closely related wild species, the developed markers, with the exception of the SAC marker, could provide useful phylogenetic information.  相似文献   

Species relationships in the subgenus Ceratotropis (genus Vigna) as revealed by RAPD analysis   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Akito Kaga  Norihiko Tomooka  Yoshinobu Egawa  Kazuyoshi Hosaka  Osamu Kamijima 《Euphytica》1996,88(1):17-24

Summary The genetic variation among 23 accessions of 5 species in the subgenus Ceratotropis, genus Vigna, were investigated by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. A total of 404 fragments amplified with 24 primers were scored and analyzed by cluster analysis. The accessions used were separated into two main groups with an average of 70% differences. Within the main groups, five subgroups were recognized, which are in complete agreement with taxonomic species. Wild forms were always grouped with their most closely related cultivated forms and they showed variation in each species. The largest intraspecific variation was found in V. radiata (mungbean), in which wild forms (V. radiata var. sublobata) were highly different from each other and from cultivated forms. V. angularis (adzuki bean) showed the least variation and thus, was probably differentiated in relatively recent times.  相似文献