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1.
Mouillot Florent Ratte Jean-Pierre Joffre Richard Moreno Jose Manuel Rambal Serge 《Landscape Ecology》2003,18(7):665-674
Based on recent needs to accurately understand fire regimes and post-fire vegetation resilience at a supra-level for carbon cycle studies, this article focusses on the coupled history of fire and vegetation pattern for 40 years on a fire-prone area in central Corsica (France). This area has been submitted since the beginning of the 20th century to land abandonment and the remaining land management has been largely controlled by frequent fires. Our objectives were to rebuild vegetation and fire maps in order to determine the factors which have driven the spatial and temporal distribution of fires on the area, what were the feed backs on the vegetation dynamics, and the long-term consequences of this inter-relationship. The results show a stable but high frequency of small fires, coupled with forest expansion over the study period. The results particularly illustrate the spatial distribution of fires according to topography and vegetation, leading to a strong contrast between areas never burnt and areas which have been burnt up to 7 times. Fires, when occuring, affect on average 9 to 12% of the S, SE and SW facing slopes (compared to only 2 to 5% for the N facing slopes), spread recurrently over ridge tops, affect all the vegetation types but reburn preferentially shrublands and grasslands. As these fire-proning parameters have also been shown to decrease the regeneration capacity of forests, this study highlights the needs in spatial studies (both in terms of fire spread and vegetation dynamic) to accurately apprehend vegetation dynamic and functionning in fire-prone areas.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
T. Winkel H. D. Bertero P. Bommel J. Bourliaud M. Chevarría Lazo G. Cortes P. Gasselin S. Geerts R. Joffre F. Léger B. Martinez Avisa S. Rambal G. Rivière M. Tichit J. F. Tourrand A. Vassas Toral J. J. Vacher M. Vieira Pak 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2012,198(4):314-319
Reviewing the situation of quinoa production in southern Bolivia, Jacobsen (2011, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 390) argues that the booming export market has a negative effect on the environment and on the home consumption of quinoa, thereby leading to an environmental disaster in the region. In view of the scarcity of scientific knowledge on the rapid social and environmental dynamics in the region, we consider that Jacobsen’s review misrepresents the situation of quinoa production in southern Bolivia. Specifically, we argue that (i) the data presented by Jacobsen (2011, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 390) do not support any drop in quinoa crop yield supposed to reflect soil degradation and (ii) his demonstration regarding home consumption of quinoa is ill‐founded from both a nutritional and a cultural point of view. We suggest that the diffusion of the arguments exposed by Jacobsen (2011, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 390), because of their flaws, might have strong negative impacts on those concerned with sustainable food production and fair‐trade with developing countries. We conclude that, rather than reinforced agro‐technical controls on local farmers, the rising competition in the international quinoa market requires a shift towards an ethical economy and ethical research cooperation with quinoa producers. 相似文献
3.
A multidisciplinary team undertook a six-year investigation on the agro-ecological and socio-economic aspects of the dehesa system in the Sierra Norte area, a part of the Sierra Morena of the Sevilla Province, Western Andalusia, Spain. This paper summarizes its findings on the various agro-ecological features of the system and evaluates the system's functional aspects vis-a-vis the trends and developments in land use in the region over the past few centuries. The synergistic effects of tree cover on understorey grassland vegetation is discussed in terms of soil fertility build-up and favourable micro-climatic and hydrological features, and the potential use of this information in future research and development programmes to improve the dehesa system in the Mediterranean region is outlined. 相似文献
4.
Remobilization of internal resources is an important mechanism enabling plants to be partly independent of external nutrient availability. We assessed resource remobilization during the growing period in woody and foliar tissues of leafy branches of mature evergreen Mediterranean oak (Quercus ilex L.) at three field sites. We compared nonstructural carbohydrates, lipids, nitrogen and phosphorus pools in leaves and stems before bud burst (March) and at the end of the growing period (July). We also experimentally defoliated leafy branches to determine the storage function of old leaves. Changes in pools of carbon compounds in leaves and stems during spring and in response to defoliation indicated that foliar and woody tissues could provide carbon to support shoot growth. Independently of stem age, soluble sugar and lipid pools decreased significantly during spring. Changes in leaf pools between March and July involved all compounds measured except starch and were accompanied by a 5% decrease in mean leaf biomass. During the same period, 15% of the nitrogen and 25% of the phosphorus were removed from leaves. In contrast, woody tissues did not remobilize nitrogen or phosphorus. Our results support earlier hypotheses that leaves of evergreen species have a primary role in resource remobilization. 相似文献
5.
Franck Richard Melanie Roy Oula Shahin Christopher Sthultz Myriam Duchemin Richard Joffre Marc-André Selosse 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(1):57-68
• Introduction
Millions of hectares of Quercus ilex forests dominate disturbed landscapes in the western part of the Mediterranean basin. Although these forests are very widespread, little is known about the composition and structure of their associated ectomycorrhizal fungal communities. 相似文献6.
Florent?MouillotEmail author Jean-Pierre?Ratte Richard?Joffre David?Mouillot and ?Serge Rambal 《Landscape Ecology》2005,20(1):101-112
Two hundred years of landscape changes were studied on a 3,760 ha area of central Corsica (France) representing a typical Mediterranean environment. Different historical sources, including an accurate land-cover map from 1774 and statistics on land cover from 1848 and 1913, were used. Three additional maps (1960, 1975 and 1990) were drawn, and a complete fire history from 1957 to 1997 was created. Forests expanded slowly by a border effect. Forest expansion was more rapid in unburnt sites (0.59% per year) than in burnt sites (0.23% per year), mostly because the initial amount of forests was greater. Because of the border effect, the combination of past landscape pattern and short distance colonization abilities of forest species may have allowed the shrublands to persist in some places after land abandonment. This persistence may explain the pattern of fire in the landscape, since shrubland burn more readily than forests. 相似文献
7.
Joffre M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5837):453; author reply 453
Prokhorenko et al. (Research Articles, 1 September 2006, p. 1257) reported that, in the weak-field regime, the efficiency of retinal isomerization in bacteriorhodopsin can be controlled by modulating the spectral phase of the photoexcitation pulse. However, in the linear excitation regime, the signal measured in an experiment involving a time-invariant, stationary process can be shown to be independent of the pulse spectral phase. 相似文献
8.
Jér?me?CortetEmail author Richard?Joffre Susanne?Elmholt Paul?Henning?Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2003,37(5):302-312
A laboratory mesocosm experiment was set up to study the effects of five mesofauna model communities on litter fungal biomass (ergosterol content) and litter decomposition parameters (litter mass remaining, N concentration) for 4 months. The five treatments were: (1) no soil mesofauna, (2) the collembolan Folsomia fimetaria, (3) an assemblage of the collembolan species Isotomurus prasinus, Hypogastrura assimilis, F. fimetaria, Mesaphorura macrochaeta and Protaphorura armata, (4) the same collembolan assemblage plus the enchytraeid Enchytraeus crypticus, and (5) the six species plus the predaceous mite Hypoaspis aculeifer. After 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of incubation, six mesocosms of each treatment were sacrificed and biomass, species richness and dominance were measured. Changes occurred during the study with an increase in total detritivore biomass and a decrease in species richness with strong dominance by a few species in multispecies mesocosms. A vertical stratification of species was also observed in the mesocosms. Litter mass loss and N mineralisation were reduced with the introduction of fauna and showed the largest effects in the multispecies detritivore treatments. Ergosterol production was only temporary reduced in the multispecies treatments reflecting an effect of mesofauna on fungal biomass related to diversity rather than the biomass of mesofauna. An inhibitory predator effect was observed on functional decomposition parameters and indicated top-down control of decomposition via detritivorous mesofauna. 相似文献
9.
Vizoso S Gerant D Guehl JM Joffre R Chalot M Gross P Maillard P 《Tree physiology》2008,28(11):1729-1739
Soil nitrogen can alter storage and remobilization of carbon and nitrogen in forest trees and affect growth responses to elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO(2)]). We investigated these effects in oak saplings (Quercus robur L.) exposed for two years to ambient or twice ambient [CO(2)] in combination with low- (LN, 0.6 mmol N l(-1)) or high-nitrogen (HN, 6.1 mmol N l(-1)) fertilization. Autumn N retranslocation efficiency from senescing leaves was less in HN saplings than in LN saplings, but about 15% of sapling N was lost to the litter. During the dormant season, nonstructural carbohydrates made up 20 to 30% of the dry mass of perennial organs. Starch was stored mainly in large roots where it represented 35-46% of dry mass. Accumulation of starch increased in large roots in response to LN but was unaffected by elevated [CO(2)]. The HN treatment resulted in high concentrations of N-soluble compounds, and this effect was reduced by elevated [CO(2)], which decreased soluble protein N (-17%) and amino acid N (-37%) concentrations in the HN saplings. Carbon and N reserves were labeled with (13)C and (15)N, respectively, at the end of the first year. In the second year, about 20% of labeled C and 50% of labeled N was remobilized for spring growth in all treatments. At the end of leaf expansion, 50-60% of C in HN saplings originated from assimilation versus only 10-20% in LN saplings. In HN saplings only, N uptake occurred, and some newly assimilated N was allocated to new shoots. Through effects on the C and N content of perennial organs, elevated [CO(2)] and HN increased remobilization capacity, thereby supporting multiple shoot flushes, which increased leaf area and subsequent C acquisition in a positive feedback loop. 相似文献
10.
Céline Pernin Jean-Paul Ambrosi Jérôme Cortet Richard Joffre Jean Le Petit Elisabeth Tabone Franck Torre Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,43(1):39-50
A laboratory mesocosm experiment was performed to study the effects of copper-enriched sewage sludge application on a mesofauna community. For 12 weeks, characteristics and changes in this defined and artificial mesofauna community structure were monitored as well as the dynamics of leaf litter decomposition. The mesofauna community comprised six species of Collembola (Folsomia fimetaria, Isotomurus prasinus, Lepidocyrtus cyaneus, Mesaphorura macrochaeta, Parisotoma notabilis, Protaphorura armata), two species of acari Oribatida (Achipteria coleoptrata, Adoristes sp.), one species of acari Gamasida (Hypoaspis aculeifer) and one species of enchytraeid (Enchytraeus crypticus). Three treatments included the addition of 22 g dry weight (DW) sludge spiked with 0, 200 and 1,000 mg Cu kg?1 DW sludge in each mesocosm, and one treatment had 66 g DW sludge spiked with 1,000 mg Cu kg?1 DW sludge added in each mesocosm. Copper, complexed with sludge due to a favourable pH, had no effect on community and litter parameters when added to low amount of sludge. In contrast, tripling the sludge dose in addition to a high dose of Cu changed in time the sludge and leaf chemical composition as well as mesofauna community structure. Responses of the mesofauna to this treatment differed between species. The abundance of species such as I. prasinus, L. cyaneus, M. macrochaeta and P. notabilis decreased, whereas the abundance of H. aculeifer increased and became dominant. 相似文献