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In this study, the genetic diversity of four Iranian wild Prunus species including Prunus eleagnifolia, Prunus hauskenchtii, Prunus scoparia and Prunus lycioides were investigated using morphological, protein and DNA markers. DNA markers included nuclear and chloroplast SSRs and self-incompatibility (S) allele amplification. At the morphological level, leaf width showed significant differences between the four wild Prunus species. Concerning fruit and kernel characters, their values are relatively similar indicating the high degree of homoplasy described in Prunus. Nuclear SSR markers have been the most abundant markers with a higher polymorphism in comparison with morphological, protein and chloroplast SSR markers. Results also indicated the high variability present in the S locus. On the other hand, the correlation between the clustering based on DNA markers and protein were in general low. Dendogram performed using nuclear and chloroplast SSR indicated a more diffuse clustering between the wild almond species probably due to the natural introgression of genes observed in these wild almond species. Data from the analysis of the total protein seems to be more accurate to establish taxonomy relationships in these very close wild species.  相似文献   
2.
In this study, in order to know the variability for a rootstock breeding program genetic diversity and relationships among 55 Iranian almond genotypes and seven related Prunus species were investigated. Morphological and molecular analyses were used. Principal component analysis showed that three components explained 67.6% of the total morphological variation for the first year and 68.06% for the second year of the study. Leaf traits were predominant in the first component and contributed most of the total variation. Leaf length and width, as well as, leaf area were highly correlated with each other and correlated to vigor. Also a negative correlation was found between leaf length/width ratio and vigor. Ward's method was used to construct cluster from morphological data which allocated individuals into their respective species. Out of 100 pre-screened RAPD primers, 16 with reproducible bands and maximum polymorphism were selected. Two-hundred and sixty bands were scored of which 250 of them were polymorphic. Average value of polymorphism per primer was 95.81% and maximum value for polymorphism (100%) was obtained from TIBMBA-14, TIBMBA-17, TIBMBB-05, TIBMBB-08, TIBMBD-09, and TIBMBD-10. On the other hand, the minimum value was obtained from TIBMBB-16 (86%). Primer TIBMBB-5 gave the maximum number of bands (25 fragments) and the minimum obtained from TIBMBE-18 (11 fragments). Genetic similarity based on Jaccard's coefficient ranged from 0.28 to 0.79 with an average of 0.53. Molecular analysis revealed a high degree of separation among samples regarding their geographical origin. Correlation between two approaches was low (R = −0.38). High molecular and morphological variability indicated that this collection includes rich and valuable plant materials for almond rootstock breeding.  相似文献   
3.
European Journal of Plant Pathology - Viral diseases affect quince plant productivity and fruit quality. This study evaluated the effectiveness of droplet-vitrification cryotherapy and...  相似文献   
4.
Sixteen nuclear and 10 chloroplast SSR markers were evaluated for 40 almond genotypes including cultivated almond, 18 related species and 5 interspecific-hybrid populations. Results establish the value of SSR (nuclear and chloroplast) markers for distinguishing different genetic lineages and characterize an extensive gene pool available to almond genetic improvement. Hierarchical analysis using integrated nuclear and chloroplast DNA markers support Prunus fenzliana, a species native to the northeast Iran, as a probable ancestor of the cultivated almond. Results also established the importance of interspecific hybridization and subsequent genetic introgression in the development of cultivated almond and demonstrate continuing value of an interspecific gene pool for modern cultivar improvement. Molecular results implicate a dissemination of the cultivated almond from Asia to the Eastern Mediterranean and subsequently the Western Mediterranean and the New World is supported by the molecular analysis of regional germplasm.  相似文献   
5.
Soil salinity presents a serious threat to crop production. The relatively poor tolerance to this stress agent exhibited by conventional crops incentivizes the search for alternative producers of food and forage in salinity-affected environments. Halophytes belonging to the genus Salicornia L. have been suggested as being able to provide both forage and edible seed oil. Here, a set of 14 Salicornia europaea L. accessions was investigated for their ability to produce seed oil and forage in response to a range of salt concentrations (100, 300 and 600 mM NaCl) in the water used for irrigation. Seed of the accessions was collected from diverse sites close to saline rivers and the sea in Iran. Salinity was shown to have a major effect on biomass yield, and on seed oil yield and composition. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in the seed oil was remarkably high. Forage yield was highest when irrigated with 300 mM NaCl for most of the accessions, while a level of 600 mM NaCl suited the production of seed oil.  相似文献   
6.
Witches’ broom disease of lime, caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’, is responsible for major losses of Mexican lime trees in Southern Iran, Oman and the United Arab Emirates. The causative phytoplasma is transmitted by the leafhopper, Hishimonus phycitis. We combined ecological niche modelling with environmental and genetic data for six populations of H. phycitis from Iran and one from Oman. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene and nine microsatellite DNA markers were used for the genetic analyses. Although the Oman population had specific haplotypes, the COI sequences were highly conserved among all populations studied. In contrast, the microsatellite data divided the populations from Iran and Oman into two separate clades. An analysis of molecular variance indicated a high level of variation within populations. The Mantel test showed no correlation between genetic and geographical distances. Gene flow values were small between the populations from Iran and north of Oman but significantly higher among the Iranian populations supporting the differentiation between Iran and Oman. In addition, we found that patterns of genetic divergence within Iranian populations were associated strongly with divergence in terms of their ecological niches. Data on six climatic variables, including elevation, were used to create ecological niche models. Our results suggest that the genetic differentiation of H. phycitis may be attributable to climatic conditions and/or geographical barriers.  相似文献   
7.
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an economically important species of edible nuts. In the present study, northwest regions of Iran were explored to find...  相似文献   
8.
European Journal of Plant Pathology -  相似文献   
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