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Effects of fat supplementation on plasma glucose,insulin and fatty acid analysis in ponies maintained on a forage‐based diet 
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下载免费PDF全文 T. Williams B. Rude S. Liao C. Mochal‐King M. Nicodemus 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(4):1069-1076
The objective of this study was to observe how fat incorporated into an equine forage‐based diet through supplementation altered levels of plasma glucose, insulin and fatty acids. Five Shetland/Hackney cross pony mares were fed alfalfa pellet diets top dressed with commercially available vegetable oil (blend of soya bean, canola and corn oils) at 0%, 5%, 10% or 15% of diet. Ponies were randomly assigned one of four diets to start, with a 14‐day adjustment period between transitioning to another one of the four diets. Ponies were gradually adapted to the new diet within the 14‐day period before a five‐day trial period. Each pony received all four diets by the end of the study. Each trial was a five‐day period with a three‐day sample collection. Blood samples for each collection week were taken 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 and 270 min and at 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 hr post‐feeding. Excess fat did not impact plasma glucose (p > .1), nor did it affect blood plasma insulin concentration. While there was no time alteration found for plasma fatty acid concentration (p > .1), C14:0 increased when ponies were fed 0% fat and C18:2 decreased when ponies were fed 0% fat. Plasma fatty acids (% of total FA) were higher in C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C20:1 in the added fat diets (p < .1). These findings suggest the amounts reported in this study of fat supplementation on a forage‐based diet did influence the fatty acid analysis within the pony, but did not negatively impact blood glucose and insulin concentrations. 相似文献
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Summary Two crosses of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (IS 1054 × ICSV-1, and IS 5604 × IS 1054) were evaluated in parental, F1, F2, and backcross generations for the variation in their popping quality as measured by pop volume (ml). Dominance was in the direction of low pop volume. Dominance and additive gene effects, in that order, governed most of the variation, while significant dominance x dominance type of interaction effects could also be detected. There was no evidence for higher order gene interactions.Approved as Journal Article 630 by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, P.O. 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India. 相似文献
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Nicodemus Ndawa Musembi Nicolas Adeya Winnie Wanjiku Murigi 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):419-423
SummaryThis study investigated the effects of auxin sprays on the development of side-shoots in rose (Rosa hybrida L.). The rationale was to prevent or to minimise side-shoot development in a commercially acceptable rose cultivar. Equallyspaced doses (at 0, 15, 30, 45 or 60 mg l–1) of -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were applied at the equivalent of 100 l ha–1 to roses grown on an inert substrate in a commercial greenhouse, via repeated foliar sprays at 2, 4, or 8 d intervals over 7 weeks. Unattended or hand-pinched plants were used as negative or positive controls, respectively.The interaction between auxin dose and spray interval had a significant (P ≤ 0.001) influence on the number and growth rate of side-shoots on a stem. All auxin doses tested completely prevented side-shoot development on rose stems at a 2 d spray interval. This high efficacy was attributed to prevention of the irreversible phase-change in the regulation of apical dominance. However, the interaction between auxin dose and spray interval significantly (P ≤ 0.001) influenced the occurrence of leaf epinasty, a physiological condition with a negative impact on cut-shoot quality. Bullheads, another undesirable physiological condition, was significantly (P ≤ 0.001) influenced by auxin dose. This novel technology is expected to lower rose production costs. The data obtained in this study demonstrate the interaction between hormonal and developmental signalling in apical dominance. Possible modes of action are discussed. 相似文献
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Monique Soro Fidèle Tiendrébéogo Justin S. Pita Edwig T. Traoré Koussao Somé Ezechiel B. Tibiri James B. Néya J. Musembi Mutuku Jacques Simporé Daouda Koné 《Plant pathology》2021,70(9):2207-2216
Surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2017 across the main cassava-growing regions of Burkina Faso to assess the status of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and to determine the virus strains causing the disease, using field observation and phylogenetic analysis. CMD incidence varied between regions and across years but was lowest in Hauts-Bassins (6.0%, 2016 and 5.4%, 2017) and highest in Centre-Sud (18.5%, 2016) and in Boucle du Mouhoun (51.7%, 2017). The lowest CMD severity was found in Est region (2.0) for both years and the highest in Sud-Ouest region (3.3, 2016) and Centre-Sud region (2.8, 2017). The CMD infection was primarily associated with contaminated cuttings in all regions except in Hauts-Bassins, where whitefly-borne infection was higher than cuttings-borne infection in 2016. PCR screening of 687 samples coupled with sequence analysis revealed the presence of African cassava mosaic-like (ACMV-like) viruses and East African cassava mosaic-like (EACMV-like) viruses as single infections at 79.5% and 1.1%, respectively. Co-infections of ACMV-like and EACMV-like viruses were detected in 19.4% of the tested samples. In addition, 86.7% of the samples positive for EACMV-like virus were found to be positive for East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCMV). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the segregation of cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs) from Burkina Faso into three clades specific to ACMV, African cassava mosaic Burkina Faso virus (ACMBFV), and EACMCMV, confirming the presence of these viruses. The results of this study show that EACMCMV occurrence may be more prevalent in Burkina Faso than previously thought. 相似文献
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Michael A. Nicodemus Francis K. Salifu Douglass F. Jacobs 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1917-1936
ABSTRACT Black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) half-sib 1+0 seedlings were exponentially fertilized with ammonium (NH4 +) as ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4], nitrate (NO3 ?) as sodium nitrate (NaNO3), or a mixed nitrogen (N) source as ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) at the rate of 0, 800, or 1600 mg N plant?1 and grown for three months. One month following the final fertilization, N concentration, growth, and photosynthetic characteristics were assessed. Compared with unfertilized seedlings, N addition increased plant component N content, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic gas exchange. Net photosynthesis ranged from 2.45 to 4.84 μmol m?2 s?1 for lower leaves but varied from 5.95 to 9.06 μmol m?2 s?1 for upper leaves. Plants responded more favorably to NH4NO3 than sole NH4 + or NO3 ? fertilizers. These results suggest that N fertilization can be used to promote net photosynthesis as well as increase N storage in black walnut seedlings. The NH4NO3 appears to be the preferred N source to promote black walnut growth and physiology. 相似文献
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The aim of this work was to determine what concentration of a mixture of soybean hulls and defatted grape seed meal (SHDG) could be included in diets that meet or exceed ADL and particle size requirements for rabbits. Four isonitrogenous and isofibrous pelleted diets were formulated, with similar ADL concentration and particle size (18.3% CP, 42.6% NDF, 7.1% ADL, and 34.9% of particles larger than 0.315 mm, on a DM basis). Diets contained a constant ratio of soybean hulls:defatted grape seed meal (81:19) provided at 0, 13.3, 26.7, or 40% SHDG, which was substituted for a 35:35:30 mixture of alfalfa hay, sunflower hulls, and wheat straw. Thirty-six rabbits were used to determine nutrient digestibility and cecotrophy traits. A feeding trial was carried out using 160 weanling rabbits (30 d of age; 536 +/- 7.1 g). Milk production was measured in 56 rabbit does. Increasing concentrations of SHDG in the diet did not affect digestibilities of DM, GE, or NDF or DE that were on average 54.7, 55.2, and 21.6% and 10.2 MJ/kg of DM, respectively. Digestibility of CP decreased in diets containing 40% (P = 0.002) and 26.7% (P = 0.054) SHDG compared with diets containing a lower percent of SHDG. Daily recycling of CP through cecotrophy, an indicator of microbial protein production, was not affected by SHDG inclusion. Growing rabbits fed 40% SHDG had reduced ADFI and ADG compared with rabbits fed 26.7% SHDG or less (106 vs. 113, 111, or 111 g/d, and 35.8 vs. 37.8, 36.6, or 37.6 g/d, respectively). There was no effect on G:F from adding SHDG to the diets. In the 2-wk period after weaning, ADG decreased (P = 0.031) for rabbits fed 40% SHDG compared with rabbits fed 26.7% SHDG or less (28.4 vs. 32.2, 30.8, of 32.2 g/d), with no effect on ADFI or G:F. Type of diet did not influence mortality during the fattening period, which averaged 6.25%. Rabbit does fed 40% SHDG had reduced ADFI (411 vs. 430 g/d; P = 0.023) compared with rabbits fed 26.7% SHDG or less, with no effect (P > 0.11) on milk production, weight of the litter at 21 d and at weaning (30 d), or parturition-effective mating interval. In conclusion, SHDG can be included up to 26.7% in diets for fattening rabbits and lactating does that meet ADL and particle size requirements. 相似文献